2025年大學金融英語題庫及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingisconsideredaprimarymarketactivity?A.StockexchangetradingB.Initialpublicoffering(IPO)C.BondredemptionD.MarginlendingAnswer:B2.Theprocessofevaluatingandmanagingtherisksassociatedwithfinancialassetsisknownas:A.PortfoliodiversificationB.AssetallocationC.RiskassessmentD.LiquiditymanagementAnswer:C3.Whatisthetermforthedifferencebetweenthespotpriceandtheforwardpriceofafinancialinstrument?A.PremiumB.DiscountC.SpreadD.ArbitrageAnswer:C4.Afinancialinstrumentthatderivesitsvaluefromanunderlyingassetisknownas:A.EquityB.DerivativeC.FixedincomeD.MutualfundAnswer:B5.Theyieldtomaturity(YTM)ofabondisthe:A.CurrentyieldB.CouponrateC.TotalreturnanticipatedifthebondishelduntilitmaturesD.FacevalueofthebondAnswer:C6.Whichofthefollowingisameasureofacompany'sabilitytomeetitsshort-termobligations?A.Debt-to-equityratioB.CurrentratioC.Returnonequity(ROE)D.Price-to-earningsratio(P/E)Answer:B7.Theprimarypurposeofacentralbankisto:A.MaximizestockmarketreturnsB.RegulatecommercialbanksC.PromoteeconomicgrowthD.ControltheinflationrateAnswer:D8.Afinancialmarketwherebuyersandsellerstradeexistingsecuritiesisknownas:A.PrimarymarketB.SecondarymarketC.TertiarymarketD.QuaternarymarketAnswer:B9.Theconceptofdiversificationininvestmentportfoliosisbasedon:A.TheideathatallassetsarehighlycorrelatedB.Theprinciplethatnon-correlatedassetscanreduceriskC.ThebeliefthathigherriskalwaysleadstohigherreturnsD.TheassumptionthatmarkettrendsarepredictableAnswer:B10.Theprocessofconvertingacompany'sdebtintoequityisknownas:A.Leveragedbuyout(LBO)B.DebtconsolidationC.RecapitalizationD.AssetmonetizationAnswer:C二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoffinancialinstruments?A.StocksB.BondsC.MutualfundsD.RealestateAnswer:A,B,C2.Themainfunctionsofafinancialmarketinclude:A.PricediscoveryB.RiskmanagementC.FacilitatingcapitalformationD.EnsuringmarketliquidityAnswer:A,B,C,D3.Whatarethekeycomponentsofacompany'sbalancesheet?A.AssetsB.LiabilitiesC.EquityD.RevenueAnswer:A,B,C4.Thefollowingarecommonmethodsofriskmanagementinfinance:A.HedgingB.DiversificationC.InsuranceD.LeverageAnswer:A,B,C5.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofderivativeinstruments?A.FuturescontractsB.OptionsC.SwapsD.AnnuitiesAnswer:A,B,C6.Thefollowingarefactorsthatcanaffectacompany'sstockprice:A.EarningsreportsB.InterestratesC.EconomicindicatorsD.MarketsentimentAnswer:A,B,C,D7.Thefollowingarefunctionsofacentralbank:A.ConductingmonetarypolicyB.RegulatingcommercialbanksC.ProvidingfinancialservicestothegovernmentD.EnsuringfinancialstabilityAnswer:A,B,C,D8.Thefollowingaretypesoffinancialratiosusedinfinancialanalysis:A.LiquidityratiosB.ProfitabilityratiosC.LeverageratiosD.MarketratiosAnswer:A,B,C,D9.Thefollowingarecomponentsofacompany'sincomestatement:A.RevenueB.ExpensesC.NetincomeD.DividendsAnswer:A,B,C10.Thefollowingarefactorsthatcaninfluenceinvestmentdecisions:A.RisktoleranceB.InvestmenthorizonC.MarketconditionsD.RegulatoryenvironmentAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theprimarymarketiswheresecuritiesareissuedforthefirsttime.Answer:True2.Abond'syieldtomaturityisalwaysequaltoitscouponrate.Answer:False3.Diversificationcaneliminatealltypesofinvestmentrisk.Answer:False4.Thecurrentratioisameasureofacompany'sshort-termsolvency.Answer:True5.Centralbanksareindependentinstitutionsthatoperateoutsidegovernmentcontrol.Answer:False6.Thesecondarymarketiswhereinvestorsbuyandsellpreviouslyissuedsecurities.Answer:True7.Theprice-to-earningsratio(P/E)isameasureofacompany'sprofitability.Answer:True8.Aleveragedbuyout(LBO)involvestheuseofdebttofinancetheacquisitionofacompany.Answer:True9.Derivativesarefinancialinstrumentswhosevalueisderivedfromanunderlyingasset.Answer:True10.Financialmarketsprovideamechanismforpricediscoveryandrisktransfer.Answer:True四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Explaintheconceptofdiversificationininvestmentportfoliosanditsbenefits.Answer:Diversificationisthestrategyofspreadinginvestmentsacrossvariousfinancialinstruments,industries,andothercategoriestoreducerisk.Theprimarybenefitofdiversificationisthatitcanlowertheoverallriskofaninvestmentportfoliobyreducingtheimpactofanysingleinvestment'spoorperformance.Byinvestinginavarietyofassetsthatarenotperfectlycorrelated,thenegativeperformanceofoneassetcanbeoffsetbythepositiveperformanceofanother.2.Describetheroleofacentralbankinacountry'seconomy.Answer:Acentralbankplaysacrucialroleinacountry'seconomybymanagingmonetarypolicy,regulatingcommercialbanks,andensuringfinancialstability.Itcontrolsthemoneysupplyandinterestratestoinfluenceeconomicactivity,aimstomaintainpricestabilitybycontrollinginflation,andprovidesfinancialservicestothegovernment.Additionally,centralbanksactaslendersoflastresorttocommercialbanksduringfinancialcrises,therebymaintainingthestabilityofthefinancialsystem.3.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetweenprimaryandsecondarymarkets?Answer:Primarymarketsarewheresecuritiesareissuedforthefirsttime,andtheproceedsfromthesaleofthesesecuritiesgototheissuingcompany.Thesemarketsfacilitatecapitalformationbyallowingcompaniestoraisefundsforexpansionorotherpurposes.Secondarymarkets,ontheotherhand,arewherepreviouslyissuedsecuritiesaretradedamonginvestors.Theproceedsfromthesaleofsecuritiesinsecondarymarketsgotothesellinginvestors,nottheissuingcompanies.Secondarymarketsprovideliquidityandpricediscoveryforsecurities.4.Explaintheconceptofaderivativeandprovideexamplesofcommonderivativeinstruments.Answer:Aderivativeisafinancialinstrumentwhosevalueisderivedfromanunderlyingasset,suchasstocks,bonds,commodities,orcurrencies.Derivativesareusedforvariouspurposes,includinghedgingrisk,speculatingonpricemovements,andgainingleverage.Commonexamplesofderivativeinstrumentsincludefuturescontracts,whichobligatethebuyertopurchaseandthesellertosellanassetatapredeterminedpriceanddate;options,whichgivetheholdertheright,butnottheobligation,tobuyorsellanassetatapredeterminedpriceanddate;andswaps,whichareagreementsbetweentwopartiestoexchangecashflowsorotherfinancialvariablesbasedonapredeterminedformula.五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）1.Discusstheimportanceofriskmanagementinfinancialmarketsandprovideexamplesofriskmanagementtechniques.Answer:Riskmanagementiscrucialinfinancialmarketsasithelpsinvestorsandinstitutionsidentify,assess,andmitigatepotentiallosses.Effectiveriskmanagementcanprotectinvestments,ensurefinancialstability,andenhancetheoverallperformanceofinvestmentportfolios.Examplesofriskmanagementtechniquesincludediversification,whichspreadsinvestmentsacrossvariousassetstoreducetheimpactofanysingleasset'spoorperformance;hedging,whichinvolvesusingfinancialinstrumentslikeoptionsorfuturestooffsetpotentiallosses;andinsurance,whichprovidesprotectionagainstspecifictypesofrisks,suchaspropertydamageorliabilityclaims.2.Analyzethefactorsthatcaninfluenceacompany'sstockpriceanddiscusstheirimplicationsforinvestors.Answer:Severalfactorscaninfluenceacompany'sstockprice,includingearningsreports,whichprovideinsightsintoacompany'sfinancialperformanceandfutureprospects;interestrates,whichaffectthecostofborrowingandthereturnoninvestments;economicindicators,suchasGDPgrowth,inflationrates,andunemploymentrates,whichreflecttheoverallhealthoftheeconomyandcanimpactcorporateearnings;andmarketsentiment,whichisinfluencedbyinvestorperceptions,newsevents,andbroadermarkettrends.Thesefactorscanhavesignificantimplicationsforinvestors,astheycanleadtovolatilityinstockpricesandaffectinvestmentdecisions.Investorsneedtocarefullyanalyzethesefactorstomakeinformedinvestmentdecisionsandmanagetheirportfolioseffectively.3.Evaluatetheroleoffinancialmarketsinamoderneconomyanddiscusstheirbenefitsandchallenges.Answer:Financialmarketsplayavitalroleinamoderneconomybyfacilitatingtheflowofcapitalfromsaverstoborrowers,providingliquidityforfinancialassets,andenablingpricediscoveryforsecurities.Theyhelpcompaniesraisefundsforexpansionandinnovation,supportgovernmentborrowing,andprovideinvestmentopportunitiesforindividualsandinstitutions.However,financialmarketsalsofacechallenges,suchasmarketvolatility,regulatorycomplexities,andthepotentialforsystemicrisksthatcanhavebroadereconomicimplications.Despitethesechallenges,financialmarketsremainessentialforeconomicgr