專業(yè)英語八級(jí)(閱讀)模擬試卷18(共

9套)

(共180題)

專業(yè)英語八級(jí)(閱讀)模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)

(l)Imagineyourselflyinginbed,yourmindinturmoil.Youtossandturn,butsleepwon't

come.Maybeabedtimesnackwouldhelp.Whatshouldyouchoose?Ifyouthinkfirstof

toasterwafflesorpopcorn,someexpertswouldsayyou'reontherighttrack.Foodshigh

incomplexcarbohydrates—suchascereals,potatoes,pasta,crackers,orricecakes—

makemanypeoplerelaxedanddrowsy.(2)Misscdthatone?Tryagain.Supposethe

weathefsrotten,youforgotyourhomework,andyourbestfriend'smadatyou.What's

goodmedicinewhenyou'refeelinglow?Asugarycolaorcandymaygiveyouaquick

lift,butyou'llcrashjustasquickly.BetterchoicesmaybeBrazilnuts(fbrselenium),skim

milk(forcalcium),oraspinachsalad(forfolicacid).Inresearchstudies,allthreeofthose

nutrientshavebeenshowntoliftspiritsandbattletheblues.(3)Tryonemore.Youhavea

mathtestcomingupinthsafternoon.Youwanttobesharp,butyouusuallyfeelsleepy

afterlunch.Isyourbestchoiceanenergyfixoffriesandashakeorabroiledchicken

breastandlow-fatyogurt?Ifyoupickthehigh-fatfriesandshake,youmayfeelsluggish

andblowthattest.Theprotein-richchickenandyogurtarebetterchoices.Proteinfoods

energize,someexpertssay.(4)Howdoesfoodaffectmoodandmind?Theanswermay

lieinthechemistryofthebrainandnervoussystem.Moleculescalledneurotransmitters

arechemicalmessengers.Theycarryanerveimpulseacrossthegapbetweennervecells.

Thereleaseofneurotransmittermoleculesfromoneneuronandtheirattachmentto

receptorsitesonanotherkeepanerveimpulsemoving.(5)Nerveimpulsescarry

messagesfromtheenvironmenttothebrain,forexample,thepainyoufeelwhenyou

stubyourtoe.Theyalsocarrymessagesintheotherdirection,fromthebraintothe

muscles.That'swhyyoubackawayfromtheobstaclethatinitiatedthepainsignaland

exclaim,"Ouch!"(6)"Manyneurotransmittersarebuiltfromthefoodsweeat,"says

neuroscientistEricChudleroftheUniversityofWashington.Toolittleortoomuchofa

particularnutrientinthedietcanaffecttheirproduction,Chudlersays.Forexample,

tryptophanfromfoodssuchasyogurt,milk,bananas,andeggsisrequiredfbrthe

productionoftheneurotransmitterserotonin.Phenylalaninefrombeets,almonds,eggs,

meat,andgrainsgoesintomakingtheneurotransmitterdopamine.(7)Dozensof

neurotransmittersareknown;hundredsmayexist.Theireffectsdependontheiramounts

andwheretheyworkinthebrain.Theneurotransmitterserotonin,forexample,isthought

toproducefeelingsofcalmness,relaxation,andcontentment.Drugsthatpreventits

reuptake(intotheneuronthatreleasedit)areprescribedtotreatdepression.Inatleast

somehealthy,non-depressedpeople,carbohydratefoodsseemtoenhanceserotonin

productionandproducesimilareffects."Itisthebalancebetweendifferent

neurotransmittersthathelpsregulatemood,"Chudlersays.(8)Propernutritionmayalso

enhancebrainpower.CholineisasubstancesimilartotheBvitamins.It'sfoundinegg

yolks,wholewheat,peanuts,milk,greenpeas,liver,beans,seafood,andsoybeans.The

brainusesittomaketheneurotransmitteracetylcholine.Totesttheeffectsofcholineon

memoryandlearning,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologygave

memoryteststocollegestudentsbeforeincreasingtheamountofcholineintheirsubjects'

diets.Later,theyretested.Ontheaverage,memorieswerebetter,andthestudentslearned

alistofunrelatedwordsmoreeasily.(9)"We'rejustscratchingthesurfaceinthisfield,"

saysLarryChristensen,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthAlabama,"butweknow

thattherearedefinitebehavioraleffectsofdiet."Theresalottolearn,andfutureresearch

mayrevealmoreaboutthechemistryofmood,brain,andnutrition.Untilthen,itmakes

sensetochoosehealthyfoodsthatnourishbothbodyandmind.

1、Accordingtothepassage,mightbethebestfoodchoicewhenonefeels

nervousandwantstofallasleep.

A、candy

B、spaghetti

C^Brazilnuts

D、yogurt

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段末句的relaxedanddrowsy表明破折號(hào)引出的食物能使人感到

放松和困倦，其中的食物pasta表示“意大利面食”，而B的spaghetti意為“意大利

細(xì)面條”,由此可知spaghe也屬于pasta的一種,因此選B。A中的candy出現(xiàn)在第

2段第5句，它是想要情緒高漲時(shí)的一種不大好的選擇；C的Brazilnuts是該段第

6句說的想要情緒高漲時(shí)的較好選擇；D的yogurt是第3段提到的想要精神飽滿的

較好選擇，這三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。

2、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutneurotransmitters,accordingtothe

passage?

A、Manyofthemarebuiltfromwhatweeat.

Theamountofparticularnutrientsaffectstheirproduction.

C、Hundredsofthemarealreadyknown.

D、Theireffectsdependontheiramount&positioninbrain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第7段首句表明，為人所知的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)有幾十種，而hundreds是賣

際可能存在的數(shù)目，C與該句的表述不符，故選C。A與第6段首句相符；B與第

6段第2句相符；D與第7段第2句相符。

3、Accordingtothepassage,choline.

A、isakindoftheBvitamins

B>canbefoundineverytypeoffood

C、hasdefinitepositiveeffectsonlearning

D^mayhelpmemorizingmoreeasily

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：倒數(shù)第2段最后三句表明，麻省理工學(xué)院記憶實(shí)驗(yàn)證明學(xué)生的記憶力

在食用了增加choline的食物后有所提圖，即choline可能對(duì)提高記憶力有幫助，因

此選D。A與倒數(shù)第2段第2句不符；B中的every過于絕對(duì)，且與倒數(shù)第2段第

3句不符;C中的definite過于絕對(duì),應(yīng)排除。

(l)Imagineyourselflyinginbed,yourmindinturmoil.Youtossandturn,butsleepwon't

come.Maybeabedtimesnackwouldhelp.Whatshouldyouchoose?Ifyouthinkfirstof

toasterwafflesorpopcorn,someexpertswouldsayyou'reontherighttrack.Foodshigh

incomplexcarbohydrates—suchascereals,potatoes,pasta,crackers,orricecakes—

makemanypeoplerelaxedanddrowsy.(2)Missedthatone?Tryagain.Supposethe

weather'srotten,youforgotyourhomework,andyourbestfriend'smadatyou.What's

goodmedicinewhenyou'refeelinglow?Asugarycolaorcandymaygiveyouaquick

lift,butyou'llcrashjustasquickly.BetterchoicesmaybeBrazilnuts(forselenium),skim

milk(forcalcium),oraspinachsalad(forfolicacid).Inresearchstudies,allthreeofthose

nutrientshavebeenshowntoliftspiritsandbattletheblues.(3)Tryonemore.Youhavea

mathtestcomingupintheafternoon.Youwanttobesharp,butyouusuallyfecisleepy

afterlunch.Isyourbestchoiceanenergyfixoffriesandashakeorabroiledchicken

breastandlow-fatyogurt?Ifyoupickthehigh-fatfriesandshake,youmayfeelsluggish

andblowthattest.Theprotein-richchickenandyogurtarebetterchoices.Proteinfoods

energize,someexpertssay.(4)Howdoesfoodaffectmoodandmind?Theanswermay

lieinthechemistryofthebrainandnervoussystem.Moleculescalledneurotransmitters

arechemicalmessengers.Theycarryanerveimpulseacrossthegapbetweennervecells.

Thereleaseofneurotransmittermoleculesfromoneneuronandtheirattachmentto

receptorsitesonanotherkeepanerveimpulsemoving.(5)Nerveimpulsescarry

messagesfromtheenvironmenttothebrain,forexample,thepainyoufeelwhenyou

stubyourtoe.Theyalsocarrymessagesintheotherdirection,fromthebraintothe

muscles.That'swhyyoubackawayfromtheobstaclethatinitiatedthepainsignaland

exclaim,"Ouch!"(6)"Manyneurotransmittersarebuiltfromthefoodsweeat,"says

neuroscientistEricChudleroftheUniversityofWashington.Toolittleortoomuchofa

particularnutrientinthedietcanaffecttheirproduction,Chudlersays.Forexample,

tryptophanfromfoodssuchasyogurt,milk,bananas,andeggsisrequiredfbrthe

productionoftheneurotransmitterserotonin.Phenylalaninefrombeets,almonds,eggs,

meat,andgrainsgoesintomakingtheneurotransmitterdopamine.(7)Dozensof

neurotransmittersareknown;hundredsmayexist.Theireffectsdependontheiramounts

andwheretheyworkinthebrain.Theneurotransmitterserotonin,fbrexample,isthought

toproducefeelingsofcalmness,relaxation,andcontentment.Drugsthatpreventits

reuptake(intotheneuronthatreleasedit)areprescribedtotreatdepression.Inatleast

somehealthy,non-depressedpeople,carbohydratefoodsseemtoenhanceserotonin

productionandproducesimilareffects."Itisthebalancebetweendifferent

neurotransmittersthathelpsregulatemood/'Chudlersays.(8)Propernutritionmayalso

enhancebrainpower.CholineisasubstancesimilartotheBvitamins.It'sfoundinegg

yolks,wholewheat,peanuts,milk,greenpeas,liver,beans,seafood,andsoybeans.The

brainusesittomaketheneurotransmitteracetylcholine.Totesttheeffectsofcholineon

memoryandlearning,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologygave

memoryteststocollegestudentsbeforeincreasingtheamountofcholineintheirsubjects'

diets.Later,theyretested.Ontheaverage,memorieswerebetter,andthestudentslearned

alistofunrelatedwordsmoreeasily.(9)"We'rejustscratchingthesurfaceinthisfield,"

saysLarryChristensen,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthAlabama,"butweknow

thattherearedefinitebehavioraleffectsofdiet."Theresalottolearn,andfutureresearch

mayrevealmoreaboutthechemistryofmood,brain,andnutrition.Untilthen,itmakes

sensetochoosehealthyfoodsthatnourishbothbodyandmind.

4、Accordingtothepassage,mightbethebestfoodchoicewhenonefeels

nervousandwantstofallasleep.

A、candy

B、spaghetti

C^Brazilnuts

D^yogurt

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段末句的relaxedanddrowsy表明破折號(hào)引出的食物能使人感到

放松和困倦，其中的食物pasta表示“意大利面食“，而B的spaghetti意為“意大利

細(xì)面條”，由此可知spaghelti屬于pasla的一種，因此選B。A中的candy出現(xiàn)在第

2段第5句，它是想要情緒高漲時(shí)的一種不大好的選擇；C的Brazilnuts是該段第

6句說的想要情緒高漲時(shí)的較好選擇；D的yogurt是第3段提到的想要精神飽滿的

較好選擇，這三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。

5、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutneurotransmitters,accordingtothe

passage?

A、Manyofthemarebuiltfromwhatweeat.

B、Theamountofparticularnutrientsaffectstheirproduction.

C、Hundredsofthemarcalreadyknown.

D、Theireffectsdependontheiramount&positioninbrain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第7段首句表明，為人所知的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)有兒十種，而hundreds是實(shí)

際可能存在的數(shù)目，C與該句的表述不符，故選C?A與第6段首句相符；B與第

6段第2句相符；D與第7段第2句相符。

6、Accordingtothepassage,choline.

A、isakindoftheBvitamins

canbefoundineverytypeoffood

C、hasdefinitepositiveeffectsonlearning

D、mayhelpmemorizingmoreeasily

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：倒數(shù)第2段最后三句表明，麻省理工學(xué)院記憶實(shí)驗(yàn)證明學(xué)生的記憶力

在食用了增加choline的食物后有所提高，即choline可能對(duì)提高記憶力有幫助，因

此選D。A與倒數(shù)第2段第2句不符；B中的every過于絕對(duì)，且與倒數(shù)第2段第

3句不符;C中的definite過于絕對(duì),應(yīng)排除。

(1)Oneoftheunresolved-andratherbitter-disputesinevolutionarybiologyisbetween

thecreepsandthejerks.Thecreeps(sodubbedbymejerks)thinkmatevolutionary

changeisgradual.Thejerks(sodubbedbymecreeps)thinkithappensinsuddenjumps

thatarcseparatedbylongperiodsofstasis.(2)Probably,botharctrue.Workdonea

coupleofyearsagobyMarkPagelofReadingUniversity,inEngland,suggeststhat

aboutafifthofevolutionarychangehappensjerkilyataroundmetimenewspeciesform.

Therestcreepsingraduallyoverthemillennia.(3)Species,however,arenottheonly

tilingsthatevolve.Languagesdotoo.AndinthecurrenteditionofScience,Dr.Pagel

andhiscolleaguespublishevidencethattheydosoinawaywhichlooksintriguingly

similartowhathappensinspecies.(4)Therewasalreadysomehistoricalevidencefor

this.TheEnglishofGeoffreyChaucer(borninthe14thcentury),forexample,is

incomprehensibletomodernlaymen,whereasthatofWilliamShakcspcarc(borninthe

16th)isnotonlycomprehensiblebutheldbysometobeamodel.Dr.Pagel,however,

wantedtoexaminethequestionsystematicallyandtoincludelanguageswithnoliterary

historyinhisanalysis.(5)Todosohelookedatthreewell-studiedpartsofthelinguistic

familytree:theBantulanguagesofAfrica,theIndo-EuropeangroupfromEurasiaand

theAustronesiansofthePacific.Inallthreecasesitisprettyclearhowthebranches

connectup,evenifi(isnotalwaysobviouswhenpanicularsplitsoccurred.(6)Dr.Pagel

didnot,however,needtoknowthat.Heonlyneededtoknowtheshapeofthetree.That

wasbecausehishypothesiswasthatiflinguisticevolutionisjerky,thejerkswillhappen

atthepointswherelanguagessplit—theequivalentofspeciessplitsinbiological

evolution.Thewaytotestthatistotrackbackalongthebranchesleadingfromeach

existinglanguage,andcountthenumberofsplitsoneachpathbeforeyougettothe

commonancestorofall.(7)Hishypothesisturnedouttobecorrect.Languagesare

formednot,itseems,byagradualdriftingapartoftwogroupswhonolongertalktoeach

other,butbyviolentrupture.Aroundathirdofthevocabularydifferencesbetween

modernBantuspeakersarosethisway,aroundafifthofthedifferencesbetweenspeakers

ofIndo-Europeanlanguages,andaroundatenthoftheAustronesians.Thatcompares

witharoundafifthforbiologicalspecies.(8)AI1thissuggeststhatiheformationofboth

languagesandspeciesisanactiveprocess.Forspecies,adaptationstonovel

environmentsandtheneedtoavoidcrossbreedingwiththoseontheothersideofthesplit

arebothplausiblehypotheses.Forlanguages,theexplanationmaybeaculturalrather

thanbiologicalneedtodistinguishpopulations.AsNoahWebster,thecompilerofthe

firstAmericandictionary,putit:"asanindependentnation,ourhonorrequiresustohave

asystemofourown,inlanguageaswellasgovernment."Inotherwords,ifyoudon't

speakproper,youaren'toneofus.

7、Thefirstthreeparagraphsseemtoimplythatlanguagesevolve.

A、jerkily

B、creepily

C、both"jerkily"and"creepily"

D、neither"jerkily"nor"creepily"

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段提到關(guān)于物種進(jìn)化的兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，即漸進(jìn)式進(jìn)化(ihe

creeps)和突然跳躍式進(jìn)化(thejerks)；而第2段中講到，研究表明這兩種觀點(diǎn)都可能

是正確的；第3段則指出語言的進(jìn)化與物種的進(jìn)化方式很相似，即語言既是漸進(jìn)式

地(creepily)又是突然跳躍式地(jerkily)進(jìn)化，故選C。

8、Theroleofthefourthparagraphinthedevelopmentofthetopicis.

A、tocomparetheEnglishofGeoffreyChaucerandWilliamShakespeare

B、toshowthatlanguagealsoevolvebydrawingonanexample

C^toofferevidencetothepreviousparagraphandintroducethenextones

D、toprovideacontrasttothepreviousparagraphandintroducethenextones

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)誦析：第4段首句提到已有史實(shí)證明上文提到的語言進(jìn)化與物種進(jìn)化相似這

一點(diǎn)，隨后描述了這一史實(shí)；而末句則提到Pagel博士想要進(jìn)行的研究，從而引出

下文對(duì)Pagel博士的研究的描述。因此，第4段起到承上啟下的作用，故選C。

B屬于對(duì)第4段內(nèi)容的概括：D中的contrast表述不對(duì)。

9、WhatdowclearnaboutDr.Pagelandhisstudy,accordingtothepassage?

A、Hestudiedlanguageswithoutliteraryhistory.

B、Threeunderstudiedlanguageswereinvolvedinhisstudy.

C、Heonlyknewtheshapeofthelinguisticfamilytree.

D、Thehypothesisofthestudywasoverthrown.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A中的withoutliteraiyhistory是對(duì)第4段末句中的withnoliterary

hislory的同義改寫，A符合文意，故選A。B中的undersludied與第5段首句》的

well-studied意思相反：C中的onlyknew與第6段第2句中的onlyneededtoknow

的表述大相徑庭：D中的overthrown與第7段首句中的turnedouttobcconect意思

相反。

10>Accordingtothepassage,theformationoflanguagesisforthe.

A、adaptationtothenewenvironments

B、needtoavoidcrossbreeding

C>biologicalneedtodistinguishpopulations

D、culturalneedtodistinguishpopulations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段提到，語言和物種的形成都是活躍的過程，而語言的形成是

區(qū)分人群文化上的需要，故得出答案為D。A和B是物種形成的原因，C與文意不

符，均排除。

(1)Oneoftheunresolved—andratherbitter-disputesinevolutionarybiologyisbetween

thecreepsandthejerks.Thecreeps(sodubbedbymejerks)thinkmatevolutionary

changeisgradual.Thejerks(sodubbedbymecreeps)thinkithappensinsuddenjumps

thatareseparatedbylongperiodsofstasis.(2)Probably,botharetrue.Workdonea

coupleofyearsagobyMarkPagelofReadingUniversity,inEngland,suggeststhat

aboutafifthofevolutionarychangehappensjerkilyataroundmetimenewspeciesform.

Therestcreepsingraduallyoverthemillennia.(3)Spccies,however,arcnottheonly

tilingsthatevolve.Languagesdotoo.AndinthecurrenteditionofScience,Dr.Pagel

andhiscolleaguespublishevidencethattheydosoinawaywhichlooksintriguingly

similartowhathappensinspecies.(4)Therewasalreadysomehistoricalevidencefor

this.TheEnglishofGeoffreyChaucer(borninthe14thcentury),forexample,is

incomprehensibletomodernlaymen,whereasthatofWilliamShakespeare(borninthe

16th)isnotonlycomprehensiblebutheldbysometobeamodel.Dr.Pagel,however,

wantedtoexaminethequestionsystematicallyandtoincludelanguageswithnoliterary

historyinhisanalysis.(5)Todosohelookedatthreewell-studiedpartsofthelinguistic

familytree:theBantulanguagesofAfrica,theIndo-EuropeangroupfromEurasiaand

theAustronesiansofthePacific.Inallthreecasesitisprettyclearhowthebranches

connectup,evenifitisnotalwaysobviouswhenparticularsplitsoccurred.(6)Dr.Pagel

didnot,however,needtoknowthat.Heonlyneededtoknowtheshapeofthetree.That

wasbecausehishypothesiswasthatiflinguisticevolutionisjerky,thejerkswillhappen

atthepointswherelanguagessplit—theequivalentofspeciessplitsinbiological

evolution.Thewaytotestthatistotrackbackalongthebranchesleadingfromeach

existinglanguage,andcountthenumberofsplitsoneachpathbeforeyougettothe

commonancestorofall.(7)Hishypothesisturnedouttobecorrect.Languagesare

formednot,itseems,byagradualdriftingapartoftwogroupswhonolongertalktoeach

other,butbyviolentrupture.Aroundathirdofthevocabularydifferencesbetween

modernBantuspeakersarosethisway,aroundafifthofthedifferencesbetweenspeakers

ofIndo-Europeanlanguages,andaroundatenthoftheAustronesians.Thatcompares

witharoundafifthforbiologicalspecies.(8)A11thissuggeststhattheformationofboth

languagesandspeciesisanactiveprocess.Forspecies,adaptationstonovel

environmentsandtheneedtoavoidcrossbreedingwiththoseontheothersideofthesplit

arebothplausiblehypotheses.Forlanguages,theexplanationmaybeaculturalrather

thanbiologicalneedtodistinguishpopulations.AsNoahWebster,thecompilerofthe

firstAmericandictionary,putit:"asanindependentnation,ourhonorrequiresustohave

asystemofourown,inlanguageaswellasgovernment."Inotherwords,ifyoudon't

speakproper,youaren'toneofus.

11、Thefirstthreeparagraphsseemtoimplythatlanguagesevolve.

A^jerkily

B、creepily

C、both"jerkily'1and"creepily"

D、neither"jerkily"nor"creepily"

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段提到關(guān)于物種進(jìn)化的兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，即漸進(jìn)式進(jìn)化(ihe

creeps)和突然跳躍式進(jìn)化(thejerks)；而第2段中講到，研究表明這兩種觀點(diǎn)都可能

是正確的；第3段則指出語言的進(jìn)化與物種的進(jìn)化方式很相似，即語言既是漸進(jìn)式

地(creepily)又是突然跳躍式地(jerkily)進(jìn)化，故選Co

12、Theroleofthefourthparagraphinthedevelopmentofthetopicis.

A、tocomparetheEnglishofGeoffreyChaucerandWilliamShakespeare

toshowthatlanguagealsoevolvebydrawingonanexample

C、toofferevidencetothepreviousparagraphandintroducethenextones

D^toprovideacontrasttothepreviousparagraphandintroducethenextones

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段首句提到已有史實(shí)證明上文提到的語言進(jìn)化與物種進(jìn)化相似這

一點(diǎn)，隨后描述了這一史實(shí)；而末句則提到Pagel博士想耍進(jìn)行的研究，從而引出

下文對(duì)Pagel博士的研究的描述。因此，第4段起到承上啟下的作用，故選C。

A、B屬于對(duì)第4段內(nèi)容的概括；D中的conirasi表述不對(duì)。

13^WhatdowelearnaboutDr.Pagelandhisstudy,accordingtothepassage?

A、Hestudiedlanguageswithoutliteraryhistory.

B、Threeunderstudiedlanguageswereinvolvedinhisstudy.

C、Heonlyknewtheshapeofthelinguisticfamilytree.

D、Thehypothesisofthestudywasoverthrown.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A中的wi【houtliteraryhistory是對(duì)第4段末句中的withnoliterary

history的同義改寫，A符合文意，故選A。B中的understudied與第5段首句本的

well-studied意思相反；C中的onlyknew與第6段第2句中的onlyneededtoknow

的表述大相徑庭:D中的overthrown與第7段首句中的turnedouttobecorrect意思

相反。

14、Accordingtothepassage,theformationoflanguagesisforthe.

A、adaptationtothenewenvironments

BNneedtoavoidcrossbreeding

C、biologicalneedtodistinguishpopulations

D、culturalneedtodistinguishpopulations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段提到，語言和物種的形成都是活躍的過程，而語言的形成是

區(qū)分人群文化卜的需要,故得出答案為D.A和R是物種形成的原因.C與文意不

符，均排除。

(l)ItwasanautumnmorningshortlyaftermyhusbandandImovedintoourfirsthouse.

Ourchildrenwereupstairsunpacking,andIwaslookingoutthewindowatmyfather

movingaroundmysteriouslyonthefrontlawn.Myparentslivednearby,andDadhad

visitedusseveraltimesalready."Whatareyoudoingoutthere?"Icalledtohim.(2)He

lookedup,smiling."I'mmakingyouasurprise."Knowingmyfather,Ithoughtitcould

bejustaboutanything.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutof

oddsandends.Whenwewerekids,heonceriggedupajunglegymoutofwheelsand

pulleys.ForoneofmyHalloweenparties,hecreatedanelectricalpumpkinandmounted

itonabroomstick.Asguestscametoourdoor,hewouldlightthepumpkinandhaveit

popoutinfrontofthemfromahidingplaceinthebushes.(3)Today,however,Dad

wouldsaynomore,and,caughtupsinthebusynessofournewlife,Ieventuallyforgot

abouthissurprise.(4)UntiIonerawdaythefollowingMarchwhenIglancedoutthe

window.Dismal.Overcast.Littlepilesofdirtysnowstillstubbornlylitteringthelawn,

wouldwintereverend?(5)Andyet...wasitamirage?IstrainedtoseewhatIthoughtwas

somethingpink,miraculouslyj?cckingoutofadrift.Andwasthatadotofblueacrossthe

yard,asmallnoteofoptimisminthisgloomyexpanse?Igrabbedmycoatandheaded

outsideforacloserlook.(6)Theywerecrocuses,scatteredwhimsicallythroughoutthe

frontlawn.Lavender,blue,yellowandmyfavoritepink—littlefacesbobbinginthebitter

wind.(7)Dad.Ismiled,rememberingthebulbshehadsecretlyplantedlastautumn.He

knewhowthedarknessanddrearinessofwinteralwaysgotmedown.Whatcouldhave

beenmoreperfectlytimed,moreattunedtomyneeds?HowblessedIwas,notonlyfor

theflowersbutfbrhim.(8)Myfather'scrocusesbloomedeachspringforthenextfouror

fiveseasons,bringingthatsameassuranceeverytimetheyarrived:Hardtimesalmost

over.Holdon,keepgoing,lightiscomingsoon.(9)Thenaspringcamewithonlyhalfthe

usualblooms.Thenextspringtherewerenone.Imissedthecrocuses,butmylifewas

busierthanever,andIhadneverbeenmuchofagardener.IwouldaskDadtocomeover

andplantnewbulbs.ButIneverdid.(10)HediedsuddenlyoneOctoberday.Myfamily

grieveddeeply,leaningonourfaith.Imissedhimterribly,thoughIknewhewould

alwaysbeapartofus.(1l)Fouryearspassed,andonadismalspringafternoonIwas

runningerrandsandfoundmyselffeelingdepressed.You'vegotthewinterblahsagain,I

toldmyself.Yougetthemeveryyear.(12)ItwasDad'sbirthday,andIfoundmyself

thinkingabouthim.Thiswasnotunusual—myfamilyoftentalkedabouthim,

rememberinghowhelivedhisfaith.OnceIsawhimgivehiscoattoahomelessman.

Oftenhe'dchatwithstrangers,andifhelearnedtheywerepoorandhungry,hewould

invitethemhomeforameal.Butnow,inthecar,Icouldnothelpwondering:Howishe

now?Whereishe?Istherereallyaheaven?(13)1feltguiltyforhavingdoubts,but

sometimes,IthoughtasIturnedintoourdriveway,faithissohard.(14)SuddcnlyI

slowed,stoppedandstaredatthelawn.Muddygrassandsmallgraymoundsofmelting

snow.Andthere,bravelywavinginthewind,wasonepinkcrocus.(15)Howcoulda

flowerbloomfromabulbmorethan18yearsold,one(hathadnotblossomedinovera

decade?Buttherewasthecrocus.TearsfilledmyeyesasIrealizeditssignificance.

(16)Holdon,keepgoing,lightiscomingsoon.Thepinkcrocusbloomedforonlyaday.

Butitbuiltmyfaithforalifetime.

15、Accordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs,.

A^theauthorwasunpackingwhenherfatherwasmakingthesurprise

B、theauthorknewwhatthesurprisewasbecausesheknewherfather

C、itwasnotthefirsttimethattheauthor'sfatherhadmadeasurprise

D^itkeptbotheringtheauthornotknowingwhatthesurprisewas

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章前三段講述作者全家搬入他們第一處住宅，而她父親在為她準(zhǔn)備

一份驚喜。C符合第2段的描述，故選C。A與第1段第2句的描述不符：B、D

與第3段的描述不符。

16、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A、Theauthor'sfatherplantedthecrocustolifttheauthor'slowspirit.

B、Thecrocusesbloomedeachspringbeforetheauthor'sfatherdied.

C、Theauthoroftenthoughtaboutherfathersinceherfatherdied.

D、Theauthor'sfatherprobablydied14yearsafterheplantedthecrocus.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第9段第2句表明那年春天番紅花一株都沒有開，而結(jié)合該段倒數(shù)第

2句可知當(dāng)時(shí)作者的父親還在人世，故可知B的推測(cè)不對(duì)，應(yīng)選B。A符合第7段

的描述；C符合第10段及第12段的描述；D可以從第11段中的“4年過去了”及第

15段的“18年前種下的……”推理得出，故均不選。

17、Theauthor'sfathershouldbebestdescribedas.

A、afull-timegardenerwithskillfulhands

apart-timejobberwholovedflowers

CNakind-heartedmanwholivedwithfaith

D、anordinarymanwithdoubtsinhislife

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第12段中的livedhisfaith、他助人為樂的例子以及文中其他各段

關(guān)于作者父親為人處事的方式可以看出父親kind-hearted和livedwithfaith,故選C

而排除D。從第2段可知，作者的父親是aself-employedjobber,因此A、B均不

符合原文。

(l)ItwasanautumnmorningshortlyaftermyhusbandandImovedintoourfirsthouse.

Ourchildrenwereupstairsunpacking,andIwaslookingoutthewindowatmyfather

movingaroundmysteriouslyonthefrontlawn.Myparentslivednearby,andDadhad

visitedusseveraltimesalready."Whatareyoudoingoutthere?"Icalledtohim.(2)He

lookedup,smiling."I'mmakingyouasurprise."Knowingmyfather,Ithoughtitcould

bejustaboutanything.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutof

oddsandends.Whenwewerekids,heonceriggedupajunglegymoutofwheelsand

pulleys.ForoneofmyHalloweenparties,hecreatedanelectricalpumpkinandmounted

itonabroomstick.Asguestscametoourdoor,hewouldlightthepumpkinandhaveit

popoutinfrontofthemfromahidingplaceinthebushes.(3)Today,however,Dad

wouldsaynomore,and,caughtupsinthebusynessofournewlife,Ieventuallyforgot

abouthissurprise.(4)UntilonerawdaythefollowingMarchwhenIglancedoutthe

window.Dismal.Overcast.Littlepilesofdirty