第02講閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解題目錄01TOC\o"13"\h\u考情解碼·命題預(yù)警 102體系構(gòu)建·思維可視 203核心突破·靶向攻堅 2考點一題型特征 3知識點1細節(jié)理解題的解題捷徑 3知識點2細節(jié)理解題的正確選項特征 3知識點3細節(jié)理解題的錯誤選項特征 3考點二直接信息題 3知識點直接信息題 3考向直接信息題 4考點三間接信息題 4知識點1同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換 4知識點2數(shù)字計算題 5知識點3概括歸納題 5考向1同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換 6考向2數(shù)字計算題 6考向3概括歸納題 604真題溯源·考向感知 7考點要求考察形式2025年2024年2023年細節(jié)理解題選擇題非選擇題3月，A篇，4道3月，B篇，1道3月，C篇，3道3月，D篇，3道3月，C篇，1道3月，D篇，1道6月，B篇，1道6月，C篇，3道3月，A篇，4道3月，B篇，3道3月，C篇，2道3月，D篇，3道6月，A篇，5道6月，B篇，3道6月，C篇，4道6月，D篇，4道考情分析：細節(jié)理解題每年占至少10道題，細節(jié)雜糅更普遍：將文章中不同位置的細節(jié)信息進行拼湊組合，形成一個看似與原文相關(guān)，但實際上邏輯混亂或與原文不符的干擾項，讓考生難以辨別。體裁以應(yīng)用文為主，說明文和記敘文為輔。近幾年也增加隱含細節(jié)考查：除了直接在文中能夠找到的顯性細節(jié)，會更多地設(shè)置需要考生通過對上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隱含細節(jié)題，考查考生的深度理解能力。復(fù)習(xí)目標：1.掌握直接信息題的解題方法；2.掌握間接信息題的解題方法?？键c一題型特征知識點1細節(jié)理解題的解題捷徑解題分三步：（1）先讀題干，抓住關(guān)鍵詞；（2）帶著問題快速閱讀文章，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子；（3）仔細對比選項和原文信息，繼而找出答案。知識點2細節(jié)理解題的正確選項特征原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)選項中的某個單詞或短語與原文完全一致同義替換對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行同義替換語言簡化把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達知識點3細節(jié)理解題的錯誤選項特征擴縮范圍與文章細節(jié)部分吻合，部分相悖無中生有明顯與文章內(nèi)容不符或沒有提及偷梁換柱符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容張冠李戴是文章細節(jié)，但不符合題干要求或不是要點正誤參半部分正確，部分錯誤考點二直接信息題知識點直接信息題在解答直接信息題時，學(xué)生可以采取“關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，即“帶著問題找答案”的方法，通過定位找題眼?？枷蛑苯有畔㈩}例1（2024·新課標Ⅱ卷）Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpreseededpod（容器）togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer？A.Realtimeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpreseededpods.考點三間接信息題知識點1同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換知識點2數(shù)字計算題此類試題要求學(xué)生對具體細節(jié)信息，尤其是對相關(guān)的時間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字和信息進行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，但此類試題重點不在于計算，而在于考查學(xué)生對具體細節(jié)信息的處理能力。知識點3概括歸納題為了增加細節(jié)理解題的難度，命題人有時候會采用較為概括的方式來進行命題，即一道試題中涉及一段或者幾段的某些內(nèi)容，需要學(xué)生進行概括和歸納后才能得出答案。此類試題雖然各個細節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到，但學(xué)生需要具備一定的概括和歸納能力才能正確作答?？枷?同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換例1（2024·浙江1月卷）Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacaloriepoorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.2.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween.A.thecaloriepoorworldandourgoodappetites B.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrains D.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit考向2數(shù)字計算題例1（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）PricesHandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour7.505.003hours11.007.501day（24hours）14.759.75Eachadditionalday8.006.002.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays？A.15.75.B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50.考向3概括歸納題例1OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(雹暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancepanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystals(冰晶)fallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.ButfarmersineastcentralAlberta—downwind(下風(fēng)處)

ofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatareahasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears.“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancepaniesprotecttheCalgaryEdmontonurbanareafromhail,”MrStienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”1.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?A．Conservemoistureinthesoil. B．Preventtheformationofhailstones.C．Forecastdisastroushailstorms. D．Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.PassageSEQa1（2023·天津·高考真題）WeletoUCLAExchangeProgram!Let’sgetstartedbycheckingoutStudentGuideforyouracademicjourney!SigningupforESL(EnglishasaSecondLanguage)ESLcoursesaredesignedtohelpinternationalstudentsimproveacademicEnglishlanguageskills.Enrollment(課程注冊)priorityisgiventodegreestudents.Ifspaceisavailable,youmayenroll.YouwillthenbeaskedtotakeanESLPlacementTest.Thetestresultswillhelpyouchoosetheclassthatisappropriateforyou.ChangingYourCourseEnrollmentListYoumaychangeyourclassscheduleduringthefirsttwoweeksofthetermbyaddingordroppingcoursesfromyourenrollmentlist.Afterthesecondweekofclasses,therewillbeachargeforeachschedulechange.Studentsoftenattendclassesinwhichtheyarenotenrolledonthefirstdayofinstructiontotryaddingthisnewcoursetothelist,asotherstudentsmayhavedroppedit.WithdrawingfromCoursesIfyouchoosetodropacourse,youmustfollowtheUCLAproceduresforremovingitfromyourschedule.Ifyouforgettoofficiallydropthatcourse,a“F”(Fail)gradewillberegisteredonyourrecordattheendoftheterm.If,atalaterdate,youwishtoapplyforajoborgraduateschoolwhereanofficialcopyofyourUCLArecordisrequired,itwillbetoyouradvantagetoprovideanimpressiveacademicrecord.TakingExamsSomeinstructorschoosetoputprevioustestpapersonlibraryreserve,

makingthemavailabletoallstudents.Theseexams,whichstudentsmonlyuseforpractice,cangiveyouanideaofhowinstructorsaskquestionsandwhattheyregardasrelevantmaterial.Youcanalsoaccesstheexamsonline.1．ExchangestudentscanenrollintheESLcourseifthey________.A．havedonewellintheplacementtestB．a(chǎn)reaskedtoimprovetheirEnglishskillsC．findavacancyafterdegreestudents’enrollmentD．havepletedUCLA’sregistrationprocedures2．AnESLPlacementTestisaimedto________.A．improvethestudents’languageskillsB．encouragethestudentstoanswerquestionsC．putthestudentsinaclassthatfitsthemD．helpthestudentsapplyforadegree3．Whatisthedeadlineforafreeenrollmentlistchange?A．Thedaywhentheclassisfull.B．Thefirstdayofinstruction.C．Thefirstweekoftheclass.D．Theendofthesecondweek.4．Whatshouldexchangestudentsdoiftheychoosetostoptakingacourse?A．SeekassistancefromUCLAofficials.B．Gothroughtheprocedurestodropit.C．PresentpastacademicrecordstoUCLA．D．MakearequesttotheRegistrationOffice.5．Workingonprevioustestshelpsstudents________.A．imitatethewaythattheirinstructorswritetestquestionsB．learnhowquestionsareaskedandwhattheyarebasedonC．eupwithnewideasabouthowtestingrelatestoteachingD．narrowdowntowhathasnotyetbeencoveredinonlinetestsPassageSEQa2（2023·天津·高考真題）STUDENTEMPLOYMENTONCAMPUSAllstudentsmayapplytoworkoncampus.GettingstartedBeforestartinganyposition,allstudentsneedtopleterequiredtaformsandshowidentification.Internationalstudentsalsoneed:*SocialSecuritycard

*Bank

account*Valid

passport

*Officialworkpermit*LetterofsupportfromtheofficeofInternationalStudentLifeLookingforajobonHandshakeHandshakeisanonlinejobsearchplatformforcollegestudents.WithaHandshakeaccount,studentscanreceiveinformationaboutcareereventsandpersonalizedjobremendations.TouseHandshake,justfollowthesesteps:*LogintoHandshakeusingyouremailaddressalreadyprovidedbythecollege.*pletepersonalizationofyourprofile.*Startyourjobsearchbyclicking“Jobs”button.*Filloutdesiredinformation:location,jobtype,etc.*Applydirectlybyclicking“ApplyNow”button.Youcanalsomakeappointmentstomeetwithacareercoach,accesscareerresources,andexplorecareersthatinterestyou.Oncampusjobsavailableforstudents*Academicdepartmentassistant(FlexibleworkinghoursonMonday/Thursday)*Diningservices(Lunchtimeonweekdays)*Libraryassistant(FlexibleworkinghoursonMonday/Wednesday/Friday)*Bookstore/mailroom(9:0012:00atweekends)*Athleticdepartment(18:0022:00onweekdays)Maximumworkinghours*Duringthesemester(學(xué)期),domesticstudentscanworkamaximumof10hoursaweek;internationalstudentscanworkamaximumof20hoursaweek.*Duringthesummerbreak,astudentmaynotworkmorethan30hoursaweek.*Thetotalnumberofhoursmaynotexceed(超過)themaximumhoursallowedevenifastudenthasmorethanonejob.Formoreinformation,findusatCareerDevelopmentOffice,211HughesHall;,55552013141．Whatdocumentsarenecessaryforaninternationalstudenttoseekemployment?A．PassportandInsuranceCertificate.B．WorkpermitandAcademicreport.C．BankaccountandLetterofsupport.D．HealthCertificateandSocialSecuritycard.2．BeforesearchingforajobonHandshake,youneedto_________.A．consultacareercoach B．personalizeyourprofileC．a(chǎn)ttendjobtraining D．setupanewemailaccount3．WherecouldyouworkonTuesdayevenings?A．Intheathleticdepartment. B．Inthedininghall.C．Inthelibrary. D．Inthebookstore.4．Whichworkingarrangementisallowedforadomesticstudent?A．40hoursperweekduringthesummerbreak.B．20hoursperweekduringthesemester.C．2jobs,eachwith16hoursperweek.D．3jobs,eachwith2hoursperweek.5．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Auniversitywebsite. B．Acourseguide.C．Asummercampnotice. D．Abusinessmagazine.PassageSEQa3（2022·天津·高考真題）Gettingintocollegeisabigstepforhighschoolgraduates,anditeswithalotofchanges.Formoststudents,it’sthefirsttimethey’relivingawayfromhomeandmanagingtheirownlife.Notsurprisingly,adaptingtothisnewlifestylecanbechallenging.Thefollowingfourtipswillmakehighschoolgraduatesbetterpreparedforcollegelife.GoalsettingWhensettinggoals,whetherthey’reacademic,career,orpersonal,remembertheyshouldbeattainablebutnottooeasy,sothatyoureallyhavetopushyourselftoachievethem,andfeelrewardedwhenyoudo.Writingdownyourgoalsandbreakingdowneachhuge,longtermgoalintosmallermorepracticalonescanhelpmakeitfeelmorereal,andwritingoutaplanforachievingitcangiveyouaroadmaptosuccess.InterpersonalskillsAtcollege,youwillinteractwithfellowstudents,professors,librarians,andmanyothers.Stronginterpersonalskillswillhelpyoubuildrelationshipsduringthistime,andgetmoreoutofthem.Ifyoufeelthatyourinterpersonalskillsneedsomework,practiceaskingthoughtfulquestionsandlisteningclosely,developyourunderstandingbyputtingyourselfinsomeoneelse’sshoes,andenhanceyourselfconfidence.StudyingWithfewerinclasshoursandmoreonyourownlearning,you’rerequiredtoreallydigestlearningmaterialratherthansimplymemorizefacts.Tobesuccessfulincollegeyou’llneedtolearnhowtointegratelargeamountsofinformationobtainedthroughreading,doresearch,andwritepapers.Organizationisthekey,soifyouarenotsomeonewhoisnaturallyorganized,setupyourstudyschedule.BudgetingManagingmoneyisacriticallifeskill,andformany,itisatcollegethattheydevelopitforthefirsttime.Startbyestimatingyourfinancialbalance.Thengivehighprioritytotheexpensesonbasicneedsanddeterminehowmuchmoneytosetasideeverymonthtocoverthosecosts.Don’tforgetaboutsavings…andthefunstuff(movies,dinnersout),too.1．Whoisthispassagemostprobablywrittenfor?A．Collegeteachers.B．Universitygraduates.C．Highschoolteachers.D．Wouldbecollegestudents.2．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforreachingahugegoal?A．Divideitintosmaller,moreachievableones.B．Rewardoneselfforeachgoalonehasset.C．Purchaseaclear,updatedroadmap.D．Pushoneselftoanupperlevel.3．Oneofthesuggestedwaystoenhanceyourinterpersonalskillsisto________.A．prepareplicatedquestionsB．tryonsomeoneelse’sshoesC．listentootherscarefullyD．takeadvantageofothers4．Whatisthekeytosuccessfulcollegestudyaccordingtotheauthor?A．Beingwellorganized.B．Beingwellinformed.C．Effectivereadingskills.D．Reliableresearchmethods.5．Tolearnhowtomanagemoney,thefirstthingtodois________.A．savemoneyforfinancialinvestmentB．estimateone’sineandexpensesC．setasidemoneyforfunactivitiesD．openapersonalbankaccountPassageSEQa4（2021·天津·高考真題）JobforYou!FamilyAllianceMealDeliveryFamilyAllianceislookingforpeoplewhocandeliverhotChinesemealsonetotwo

timesaweekforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinnorthsuburbanFairfieldCounty.Allapplicantsmusthaveadriver'slicenseandaccesstoacar.Gaswillbecoveredforeachdelivery.Workinghours:10a.m.to1p.m.TuesdaysandFridaysFormoreinformation,contactCharlesChen@famdOrcall740LancasterDesignWeprovidefullfurnishings,likedonatedkitchenequipmentandfurnitureitems,forthenewhomesofpeoplewhowereoncehomeless.

Weneedpeoplewhocanworkatourwarehouse（倉庫）sortingandpackingitemstobedeliveredtofamilies,repairdonatedfurnitureandmore.Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.Interested?SubmityourapplicationOrcall740LancasterWeeklyWouldyouliketheopportunitytoearnextracashclosetohome?Ifsowehaveavacancyinourteamwhichwouldsuityou.Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequiredtodeliverournewspaper.Youmayhavetocoversomedistance.Bicyclesareavailableifneeded.Workinghours:8a.m.to10a.m.SaturdaysFormoreinformationCall740ParkviewNursingHomeCaregiversarewanted.Weseekpeoplewhoarepatientandcaring,andwhohave

experienceandinterestinworkingwitholderadults.Aspartofthepackage,initialandfollowuptrainingsessionsareprovidedandacmodationisavailableifrequired.Formoredetails,visitusatUnit3ParkViewLaneOrcontactEllenWhiteat7401．Whichjobrequiresadriver'slicense?A．Deliveringmeals.B．Deliveringnewspapers.C．Workingatthewarehouse.D．Workingatthenursinghome.2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheLancasterDesignjob?A．Applicantsareexpectedtodesignfurniture.B．Workisarrangedaccordingtoone'sskillset.C．Itinvolvescollectingfurniturefromhomes.D．Itfavorsapplicantswhoarehomeless.3．Amiddleschoolstudentismostlikelytobehiredby.A．FamilyAllianceMealDeliveryB．LancasterDesignC．LancasterWeeklyD．ParkviewNursingHome4．Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?A．740.B．740.C．740.D．740.PassageSEQa5（2021·天津·高考真題）Whenstartingcollege,moststudentsenjoyaweek'sstayoncampusbeforeclassesactuallybegin.Whatshouldyoudowiththattime?Belowareseveraltipstoease（使熟悉）yourselfintocollegelife.ParticipatinginCampusWeleActivitiesMostuniversitieshostweleeventsbeforetheacademicyearofficiallybegins,includingfreshmenorientations（迎新會），campuspicnics,andentertainmentslikeconcerts.Participatinginsucheventsisagreatwaytolearnaboutschoolfacilitiesandunderstandcampusculture:Whatdostudentsdoforfun?Whataretheirfavoriteclasses?Whatisthehistoryofyouruniversity?Itcanhelpyouobservecampuslifeoutsidetheclassroom.ExploringCampusGettingtoknowwhereessentialcampusresourcesare—suchasthestudentadvisingcenter,psychologicalservices,andthetutoringcenter~~willmakeyourfirstfewweeksoncampusaloteasier,becauseyouwon'thavetolookforthemwhilestillgettingusedtoyourclasses.Takesometimetocheckoutthebuildingswhereyourclasseswillbeheld.Thiswillpreventyoufromgettinglostinthefirstfewdaysofclasses,andfamiliarizeyouwithhowlongittakestogetfromplacetoplace.Ifyou'reworriedabouttakingclassesoneafteranotherindifferentbuildings,aquicktestrunwon'thurt.Thatway,youwillavoidpotentialti