閱讀理解練習(xí)一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

EverydayIseeadvertisementsinthenewspapersandonthebusesclaimingthatitiseasyandquicktolearnEnglish.ThereisevenareferencetoWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragelearnersevenmore.WhenIseeadvertisementslikethis,Idon'tknowwhethertolaughorcry.Butmanypeoplemustbelievetheseridiculousclaims,orelsetheadvertisementswouldnotappear.

OfcourseitisclearthatstudentswhogotoEnglandtolearnEnglishhaveagreatadvantageoverothers,buttoomanycannotaffordtodoso.Somegototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguage,letaloneproducesgoodpronunciationandintonation.

Mostteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Behavioristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingsentences.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen't,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.

Inmypersonalopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedinit.Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisesmeanandcanrelatethemtotheirownlives.Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.Itmustbereal.

Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.Theycanworkwithusandpracticetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifelanguage.（1）Manypeoplebelieveadvertisementsinthenewspapersandonthebusesprobablybecause

.A.

theyareencouragedbyWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickens

B.

theyareeagertolearnandthenbelievethemC.

thewaysadvertisedcanhelpthemtosavetimeandefforts

D.

thewaysadvertisedproveeffectiveandhelpful（2）WhatmaybehavioristsarguetowardsEnglishlearning?A.

Humanbeingsmakemoreinterestingnoisesthanparrotsandchimpanzees.

B.

Humanbeingsshouldrelatetheirspeechtotheirownlives.C.

Languageisaformulawithlotsofrepetitionsandpractices.

D.

Languageisameansofcommunication.（3）Whatopiniondoestheauthorhold?A.

Aquickmethodthatsuitsallthestudentsdoesexist.

B.

Englishcanbemasteredwithinaveryshortperiodoftime.C.

EachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguage.

D.

NoonecanlearnEnglishwellwithoutbeinginterestedinit.（4）Whatwaysoflearningissuggestedbytheauthor?A.

Studyabroad.

B.

Learncommunicativelyandsituationally.C.

Followthebehaviorists'approach.

D.

Teachoneselfathomewithdictionaries.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述了一名語言教師對語言學(xué)習(xí)的個人看法。他認(rèn)為學(xué)生們喜歡實(shí)惠的速成學(xué)習(xí)方法在情理之中，但是學(xué)英語不像廣告中所說的那么輕松，假如沒有興趣，任何人都不可能學(xué)好英語或其他任何語言。在交際時我們需要有交談或傾聽的對象。用真實(shí)的語言去談?wù)撜鎸?shí)的生活，那一定會受益匪淺。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.”可知許多人渴望學(xué)好這門語言，相信這些廣告中宣傳的學(xué)習(xí)語言能速成，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mostteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Behavioristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingsentences.”可知現(xiàn)在大量的教學(xué)活動還是建立在行為主義心理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)之上。行為主義者熱衷于讓學(xué)生復(fù)述短語，不斷做一些只需更換句中某個詞的練習(xí)。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inmypersonalopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedinit.”可知作者認(rèn)為，假如沒有興趣，任何人都不可能學(xué)好英語或其他任何語言。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.Theycanworkwithusandpracticetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifelanguage.”可知還有一個相關(guān)的問題值得一提：在交際時我們需要有交談或傾聽的對象。在學(xué)習(xí)較生疏的內(nèi)容時，如果有其他學(xué)生和我們在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中一起學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)那些陌生的語言形式，用真實(shí)的語言去談?wù)撜鎸?shí)的生活，那一定會受益匪淺。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.ThedotgoesbydifferentnamesindifferentHindidialects,and“bindi"istheonethatismostcommonlyknown.Traditionally,thedotcarriesnogenderrestrictionMenaswellaswomenwearit.However,thetraditionofmenwearingithasfadedinrecenttimes,sonowadaysweseealotmorewomenthanmenwearingone.

Thepositionofthebindiisstandardcenteroftheforehead,closetotheeyebrows.Itrepresentsathird,orinnereye.HindutraditionholdsthatallpeoplehavethreeeyesThetwoouteronesareusedforseeingtheoutsideworld,andthethirdoneistheretofocusinwardtowardGod.Assuch,thedotmeanspiety(虔誠)andservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.

Redisthetraditionalcolorofthedot.Itissaidthatinancienttimesamanwouldplaceadropofbloodbetweenhiswife'seyestosealtheirmarriage.AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.Today,peoplegowithdifferentcolorsdependingupontheirpreferences.Womenoftenweardotsthatmatchthecoloroftheirclothes.Decorativeofstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.（1）WhydidpeopleinIndiastartwearingareddotontheirforehead?A.Tostresstheirfamilybackground.B.Toindicatetheirsocialrank.C.Toshowtheirreligiousbelief.D.Todisplaytheirfinancialstatus.（2）WhatisthefunctionofthethirdeyeinHindutradition?A.Tohelptheothereyesseebetter.B.Tolooktothedistance.C.Toseetheoutsideworld.D.TopayrespecttoGod.（3）Whywasredchosenastheoriginalcolorofthebindi?A.Theword"bindi"means"red"insomeHindidialects.B.Redwasbelievedtobealuckycolorforhusbandandwife.C.ThereddotrepresentedthebloodofGod.D.Redstoodforawife'sloveforherhusband.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbindistoday?A.Bindisarenowusedtomakepeoplelookbetter.B.Bindisarewornanywhereonthefacenow.C.MostIndianwomendonotwearbindisanymore.D.MorementhanwomenwearbindisinIndia.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，大多數(shù)印度女人的眉毛中間都戴著紅點(diǎn)，這種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)，它代表的是第三只眼，可以時時提醒信徒要尊敬上帝?，F(xiàn)在眉心紅點(diǎn)更多的是作為裝飾品使用。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital（婚姻的）status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多數(shù)女性的眉毛上都有一個紅點(diǎn)。雖然這通常被認(rèn)為是他們婚姻狀況的一個指標(biāo)，但這種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)?？芍@種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)，所以印度人前額戴紅點(diǎn)是展示他們的宗教信仰。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段可知，印度傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為人有第三只眼。以及“Assuch，thedotservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts．”因此，點(diǎn)作為一個持續(xù)的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教傳統(tǒng)中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“AccordingtoHindubeliefs，thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple．”可知，根據(jù)印度教的信仰，紅色被認(rèn)為能為已婚的夫婦帶來好運(yùn)。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Decorativeorstickerbindiscomeinallsizes，colorsandvariations，andcanbewornbyyoungandold，marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike．Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.”裝飾物或貼紙貼紙有各種尺寸、顏色和變化，年輕人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴賓蒂帽與其說是一種宗教習(xí)俗，不如說是一種時尚宣言。可知，眉心紅點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在更多的被用作裝飾品。故選A．【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Since2013,Torobo,aroboticarmdesignedtotestthelimitsofartificialintelligence,hashadoneambition—tobeadmittedtotheUniversityofTokyo.However,ithasrepeatedlyfailed.Thisyearwasnoexception.

InearlyNovemberTorobotookanexamtoprepareforanall-importantstandardizedtest.WhileTorobo'stotalscoreof525outof950was14pointshigherthanin2015，itsstandardscoreof57.1%wasslightlylower,becausehumanstudentsdidbetterinthe2016test.

Thoughthescore，whichishigherthanthenationalaverage,isenoughtogettherobotadmittedtomanyotherfamousJapaneseuniversities,itfallsshortoftheminimumrequiredfortheUniversityofTokyo.

AcloseranalysisoftheresultsshowedthatTorobo'snewlyprogrammedabilitytosolvecomplexphysicsproblemshelpedincreaseitsyear-over-yearphysicsscorefrom46.5%to59%.Therobotalsodugdeepintoitsdatabaseofinformationfromtextbooksandwebsitestoobtainanimpressive66.3%inworldhistory.Theaverage60%scoresacquiredinthetwomathsections,werenottooshabbyeither.

But，whileToroboisabletohandleknowledge-basedquestionsandonesinvolvingcomplexmathematicalcalculations,ithasahardtimethinkingindependently.Asaresult,therobotisunabletofullyunderstandmultiplesentencesandphrasestoarriveatthelogicalconclusionsrequiredintheEnglishlanguagetests.Thisweaknesswasreflectedintheweakoralandwritingscores,whichcameinat36.2%and50.5%,respectively.

Fortunately,afterfourtiringyears,therobot'screatorshavedecidedtofreeTorobofromitsannualtest-takingsuffering,theresearchteamwillinsteadfocusonimprovingtherobot'sabilitytopickoutspecificanswersfrommassivesetsofdata—askillthatledtoitsexcellenthistoryscores.Theybelievetheexpertise(專業(yè)技術(shù)）will

helpTorobosucceedasanindustrialrobot.（1）WhatisthedisadvantageofTorobo?A.

Ithasmuchdifficultysearchingforfacts.

B.

Itdoesn'townlanguageskills.C.

Ithasweakindependentthinkingability.

D.

Itcouldn'tgetthroughtheexams.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.

thescore

B.

Torobo

C.

theUniversityofTokyo

D.

thenationalaverage（3）Whatdidtheexamresultsshow?A.

Torobo'sscoredidn'treachthenationalaverage.B.

Torobo'sprogrammedabilityimproveditsmathscore.C.

Torobowasadmittedtoauniversity.D.

Torobodidwellinthehistoryexam.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Subjectsarobotaregoodat.

B.

Arobot'sperformancesinexams.C.

Majorsthataresuitableforarobot.

D.

Arobot'swaystodealwithexams.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一款用來測試人工智能極限的機(jī)器人在考試中的表現(xiàn)和它的弊端。（1）C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的前兩句內(nèi)容可知，Torobo的缺點(diǎn)是不擅長獨(dú)立思考，不能理解復(fù)雜的句子。故選C.（2）A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上半句“Thoughthescore，…,isenoughtogettherobotadmittedtomanyotherfamousJapaneseuniversities,”可知，前半句從句的主語thescore就是主句的主語it所代指的。故選A.（3）D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段各個學(xué)科得分的比較以及最后一段可知，Torobo的歷史成績非常好。故選D.（4）B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了參加考試的機(jī)器人在各個學(xué)科方面的不同表現(xiàn)。故選B.【點(diǎn)評】本文是一篇關(guān)于介紹機(jī)器人的說明性閱讀理解。主要以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，理解文章主旨。其中第二題比較有難度，需要排除其它選項(xiàng)。主旨題看前面一，二段一般可以透漏出端倪。4．閱讀理解

TheWomen'sInstituteisurgingsupermarketstodomoretohelpconsumersreducetheirhomefoodwaste,afterasurveyofitsownmembershipshowedwidespreadconfusionabout“bestbefore”and“useby”labeling(標(biāo)簽)onpackaging.

Itsnewanalysisofproductsonsupermarketshelvesfoundthat“once-opened”instructionswereoftencontradictoryandoftenfailedtomakeclearwhethertheywereaguidetofoodsafetyorquality.Only45%of5,000WImemberssurveyedunderstoodthatbest-beforedateswereasignoffoodquality,while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety.

Initsreportonfoodwaste,theWIsaidsupermarketswere“potentiallycontributingtohomefoodwastebyleadingcustomerstobuymorefoodthantheyneed,andgivingconflictingandconfusingon-packinformationthatleavescustomersunsureabouthowlongaproductremainssafetoeatinthehomesetting”.The42reportispartoftheWI'songoingcampaigntoreducefoodwaste.Tounderlinethepointaboutconflictinginformation,itcites(引用)acanofSainsbury'sown-brandsweetcornadvisingconsumerstoeatitwithinonedayofopening,whileasimilartinfromWaitrosegaveconsumerstwodaystofinishit.GreenGiantsweetcorn,however,hasnospecifieddateforeatingonceopened.

MarylynHainesEvans,chairoftheWomen'sInstitute'spublicaffairssaid:“WImembersaresomeofthemoreinformedmembersofsocietyaboutfoodandcookery,buttheyarestillconfusedaboutfoodlabellingand'once-opened'information.Sowewouldlikesupermarketstoextendtheamountoftimethatconsumershavetouseaproductintheirhomesbymakingalloftheironce-openedinstructionsonproductpackagingconsistent,andcompletelyremoveonce-openedinstructionsonproductswherefoodsafetyisnotanissue.”（1）WhatmainlyleadstofoodwasteaccordingtoWI?A.

Poorqualityoffood.

B.

Attractivepackagingofproducts.C.

Competitionamongsupermarkets.

D.

Consumers'confusionabouton-packinformation.（2）Whichofthefollowingcaninformyouoffoodsafety?A.

B.

C.

D.

（3）WhyarethethreesupermarketsmentionedinParagraph3?A.

Toattractmoreconsumers.

B.

Tocomparetheirproducts.C.

Tocommentontheirservice.

D.

TomakeWI'sreportconvincing.（4）WhatdoesEvanssuggestsupermarketsdoaboutreducingfoodwaste?A.

Extendlifeofaproduct.

B.

Turntowell-informedWImembers.C.

Giveconsistentonce-openedinstructions.

D.

Removeinstructionsonproductpackaging.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文主要講述了婦女機(jī)構(gòu)強(qiáng)烈建議超市采取幫助消費(fèi)者減少食物浪費(fèi)的措施，比如延長消費(fèi)者在家中使用產(chǎn)品的時間，使他們所有曾經(jīng)打開的關(guān)于產(chǎn)品包裝的說明一致。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Only45%of5,000WImemberssurveyedunderstoodthatbest-beforedateswereasignoffoodquality,while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety."可知，消費(fèi)者對于食品包裝上信息的混淆是導(dǎo)致食物浪費(fèi)的原因。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety."可知，useby信息才是食品安全的決定性指導(dǎo)因素。故選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Tounderlinethepointaboutconflictinginformation,itcites(引用)acanofSainsbury'sown-brandsweetcorn"可知，引用超市的例子是為了更好的說明這一問題，即使文章更具說服力。故選D。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"wewouldlikesupermarketstoextendtheamountoftimethatconsumershavetouseaproductintheirhomesbymakingalloftheironce-openedinstructionsonproductpackagingconsistent,"可知，為了減少食物浪費(fèi)，超市可通過使包裝帶上的信息一致來達(dá)到這一目的。故選C。5．閱讀理解

Ittookmeamomenttorealizewhathadhappened.ThreedayshadpassedandRitaseemedtogetweakerandweaker.Therainhadstopped.However,theskywasstillcloudy,anditwassodarkthatIcouldn'tseethebuildingsevenacrosstheroad.Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.

Therewererainsandwindsstill,butnotoppressive(難以忍受的)anymore.Therewasstillnopower,hotwaterorfood.Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.

AsItravelledfurthertothewest,goingafterthestorm,thedamagealongthewaybecamelesssevere.IarrivedinHoustonafteratrickyjourneywithmyfuelsuppliesalmostallgone.However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.Hehelpedmeandwesharedourworkingexperiencethesedays.WithacompletestrokeofluckIfoundarun-downhotelthatallowedmetohavearoomovernightbeforethemidnight.Althoughtherewasnorunningwater,nopowerandnoairconditioning,Icurledupintoacornerandfellasleepquickly.

Iwokeupthenextmorning,andwhatachange!Theskywasblueandcarsweremovingaround.Sirenscouldbeheardasconvoys(護(hù)航隊)ofemergencymanagementsstartedtoheadwesttowardswhereIhadcomefrom."ThestormhadstoppedandIcouldgohome.Igaveallmyremainingsuppliestootherpeopleatthehotelandheadedtowardstheairport.HoustonAirportwasnotdamaged,soItookmyflightanddrankmyfirsthotdrinkinfourdays.

Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.（1）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat“Rita”is________.A.

apet

B.

astorm

C.

afriendoftheauthor

D.

acitizeninHouston（2）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Theauthorwasastormchaser.

B.

Thestormlastedforatleastaweek.C.

Theauthordidn'tlikeHoustonatall.

D.

Houstonwasverybadlydamagedbythestorm.（3）Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterthestorm?A.

Anxious.

B.

Disappointed.

C.

Satisfied.

D.

Scared.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Waystosurviveinastorm.

B.

TheweatherchangesinHouston.C.

Theauthor'sexperienceinthestorm.

D.

DamagescausedbythestorminHouston.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章描述了作者親身經(jīng)歷的一場風(fēng)暴Rita，作者對于自己能夠追逐并且記錄這場風(fēng)暴，感覺非常驕傲。盡管非常危險，但是作者非常熱愛自己的這份工作。(1)推理判斷題。由第二段Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.可知，天氣預(yù)報報道Rita離開了，它讓許多人們失去了家園，甚至失去了生命。結(jié)合第一段中Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.可推知，"Rita”是一次風(fēng)暴，選B。(2)推理判斷題。由第三段However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.可推知，作者是一位風(fēng)暴追逐者，選A。(3)推理判斷題。由最后一段Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.可推知，在這次風(fēng)暴之后，作者感覺很滿意，故選C。(4)主旨大意題。這篇文章描述了作者親身經(jīng)歷的一場風(fēng)暴Rita，作者對于自己能夠追逐并且記錄這場風(fēng)暴，感覺非常驕傲。盡管非常危險，但是作者非常熱愛自己的這份工作，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。詢問寫作目的的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain(解釋),prove(證明),persuade(勸說),advise(勸告),comment(評論),praise(贊揚(yáng)),criticize(批評),entertain(娛樂),demonstrate(舉例說明),argue(辯論),tell(講述),analyze(分析)等。詢問語氣態(tài)度的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(滿意的),friendly(友好的),enthusiastic(熱情的),subjective(主觀的),objective(客觀的),matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的),pessimistic(悲觀的),optimistic(樂觀的),critical(批評的),doubtful(懷疑的),hostile(敵對的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。6．閱讀理解

Someofthebestresearchondailyexperienceisrootedinratesofpositiveandnegativeinteractions,whichhasprovedthatbeingblindlypositiveornegativecancauseotherstobefrustratedorannoyedortosimplytuneout.

Overthelasttwodecades,scientistshavemaderemarkablepredictionssimplybywatchingpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthenscoringtheconversationsbasedontherateofpositiveandnegativeinteractions.Researchershaveusedthefindingstopredicteverythingfromthelikelihoodthatacouplewilldivorcetothechancesofaworkteamwithhighcustomersatisfactionandproductivitylevels.

Morerecentresearchhelpsexplainwhythesebriefexchangesmattersomuch.Whenyouexperiencenegativeemotionsasaresultofcriticismorrejection,forexample,yourbodyproduceshigherlevelsofthestresshormone,whichshutsdownmuchofyourthinkingandactivates(激活)conflictanddefensemechanisms(機(jī)制).Youassumethatsituationsareworsethantheyactuallyare.

Whenyouexperienceapositiveinteraction,itactivatesaverydifferentresponse.Positiveexchangesincreaseyourbody'sproductionofoxytocin,afeel-goodthatincreasesyourabilitytocommunicatewith,cooperatewithandtrustothers.Buttheeffectsofapositiveoccurrencearelessdramaticandlastingthantheyareforanegativeone.

Weneedatleastthreetofivepositiveinteractionstooutweigheveryonenegativeexchange.Badmomentssimplyoutweighgoodones.Whetheryou'rehavingaconversation,keepthissimpleshortcutinmind:Atleast80percentofyourconversationsshouldbefocusedonwhat'sgoingright.

Workplaces,forexample,oftenseethis.Duringperformancereviews,managersroutinelyspend80percentoftheirtimeonweaknessesand“areasforimprovement”.Theyspendroughly20percentofthetimeonstrengthsandpositiveaspects.Anytimeyouhavediscussionswithapersonorgroup,spendthevastmajorityofthetimetalkingaboutwhatisworking,andusetheremainingtimetoaddressweaknesses.（1）Theunderlinedphrase“tuneout”inParagraph1probablymeans

A.

stoplistening

B.

changeone'smind

C.

singaloud

D.

becrazy（2）Whatwillhappenifyouexperiencenegativeemotions?A.

Thesituationsaresuretobecomeworse.

B.

Muchofyourthinkingwillbeprevented.C.

Youwillfeelanurgetoimproveandbecomebetter.

D.

You'llbemotivatedtoresolveconflictswithpeople.（3）FromParagraph4,wecanlearnthat

A.

weneedapositivefeelingtobeatonenegativefeeling

B.

positiveinteractionshavegreatereffectsthannegativeonesC.

ourconversationshouldcenteronwhatneedsimprovement

D.

theeffectofnegativefeelingslastslongerthanthatofpositiveones（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

HarmfulNegatives

B.

MorePositiveInteractionsC.

HowtoBeaProductiveManager

D.

LessTimeonStrengthsandPositiveAspects【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。主要講述通過一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動時，積極的交流會增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個積極的互動才能去掉一個負(fù)面互動。這給我們一個啟示，在談話時盡可能多的積極互動，才會調(diào)動人的積極性。（1）考查猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的最好研究是建立在積極和消極互動率的基礎(chǔ)上的，這證明了盲目的積極或消極會使其他人感到沮喪或煩惱，或者干脆把不理睬。分析選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的中間部分“Whenyouexperiencenegativeemotionsasaresultofcriticismorrejection,forexample,yourbodyproduceshigherlevelsofthestresshormone,whichshutsdownmuchofyourthinkingandactivates（激活）

conflictanddefensemechanisms（機(jī)制）.”可知，你經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維機(jī)制和激活你的防御機(jī)制。由此可判斷B項(xiàng)是正確的。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Buttheeffectsofapositiveoccurrencearelessdramaticandlastingthantheyareforanegativeone.”可知，積極面事件的影響不如消極的影響更持久。由此判斷出D項(xiàng)正確。（4）考查主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動時，積極的交流會增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個積極的互動才能去掉一個負(fù)面互動。這給我們一個啟示，在談話時盡可能多的積極互動，才會調(diào)動人的積極性。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)評】科普文客觀題的解題方法1.“找”。讀完材料，審?fù)觐}干(題干不可不審清)，可根據(jù)題干確定選項(xiàng)的大致范圍，開始找與選項(xiàng)相對應(yīng)的句子，然后再進(jìn)行合理的想象、推理及判斷。有時候選項(xiàng)的語句散見于文章的各處，也一定找準(zhǔn)原句。2.“比”。比較時重在關(guān)注意思、關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系。有時需要統(tǒng)觀全篇，不能只盯住一處。3.“判斷”。推斷時，切不可只憑主觀臆斷，一定要找到確切的根據(jù)，找到合理的解釋。7．閱讀理解

BikeShareTorontoisthecity'sofficialbikeshareprogram,designedtogivelocalsandvisitorsafun,affordableandconvenientalternativetowalking,taxis,busesandthesubway.Thereare200BikeShareTorontostationsand2,000bikesacrossthecity,makingBikeSharethemostaccessiblewaytogetaroundandexplore.

Howitworks

BecomeanAnnualMemberorbuyadayPasstoaccessthesystem.

Findanavailablebikenearby,andgetaridecodeoruseyourmemberkeytounlockit.

Takeasmanyshortridesasyouwantwhileyourpassormembershipisactive.

Returnyourbiketoanystation,andwaitforthegreenlightonthedock(?？奎c(diǎn))tomakesureit'slocked.

Chooseaplan

Forvisitors

DayPass:$7.Unlimited30-minuteridesina24-hourperiod.

3-DayPass:$15.Unlimited30-minuteridesina72-hourperiod.

Forlocals

MonthlyPass:$25.Unlimited30-minuteridesforamonth.

AnnualMembership:$90.Unlimited30-minuteridesforawholeyear.TheAnnualMembershipisthebestdealforlocalsofTorontoandotherfrequentriders.

Thefirst30minutesofeachrideisincludedwiththemembershiporpassprice.Avoidextrafeesbydroppingoffyourbikeevery30minutesatanyotherstation.Ifyoukeepabikeoutforlongerthan30minutesatatime,youwillbechargedanextra$1.50forthefirst30minutesover,$4forthenext30minutes,and$7foreachadditional30minutesafterthat.

Contactus

●Customer

Service:

(855)898-2388

●Repair

Service:

(855)-2378

●Corporation

Partners:

(855)898-2398

●Employment

Opportunities:

(855)898-2498（1）WhichisthemostsuitablechoiceforlocalsinToronto?A.

DayPass

B.

3-DayPass

C.

MonthlyPass

D.

AnnualMembership（2）Howmuchwilltheextrafeebeifyoutravelfortwohoursbybike?A.

$5.5

B.

$9.5

C.

$12.5

D.

$15.5（3）FormoreinformationaboutworkingatBikeShareToronto,contactitat_________.A.

(855)898-2399

B.

(855)898-2378

C.

(855)8989-2398

D.

(855)898-2498（4）WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?A.

AmembercangetacodeorakeytothebikeB.

BikeShareTorontoisanon-profitorganizationC.

SharedbikeshavetakentheplaceofothervehiclesD.

Thegreenlightonthedockshowsthebikeisunlocked【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇廣應(yīng)用文，共享自行車多倫多是城市的官方自行車分享計劃，旨在為當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰吞峁┮粋€有趣，實(shí)惠和方便的替代步行，出租車，公共汽車和地鐵．本文以此展開，講述了共享自行車是怎樣運(yùn)行，使用，收費(fèi)的。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中“TheAnnualMembershipisthebestdealforlocalsofTorontoandotherfrequentriders”一年一度的會員是多倫多當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫慕灰缀推渌l繁的騎手。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)"Ifyoukeepabikeoutforlongerthan30minutesatatime,youwillbechargedanextra$1.50forthefirst30minutesover$4forthenext30minutes.ands7foreachadditional30minutesafterthat”如果你保持自行車超過30分鐘你將被一個額外的1.50美元的前30分鐘4美元在接下來的30分鐘7美元為每個額外的30分鐘之后。所以超過兩小時,就是1.5-4+7=12.5,故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“EmploymentOpportunities:(855)898-2498”就業(yè)機(jī)會打（855）898-2498，故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“BecomeanAnnualMemberorbuyadayPasstoaccessthesystem.Findanavailablebikenearby,andgetaridecodeoruseyourmemberkeytounlockit.”系統(tǒng)是怎么工作的，成為一年一度的成員或買一天通過訪問系統(tǒng)。附近找到一個可用的自行車,和搭車的代碼或使用你的解鎖的關(guān)鍵成員，故選A。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀。要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。8