第第頁(yè)護(hù)理英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試題庫(kù)及答案解析（含答案及解析）姓名：科室/部門/班級(jí)：得分：題型單選題多選題判斷題填空題簡(jiǎn)答題案例分析題總分得分**試題部分**

**一、單選題（共20分）**

1.Whenanurseneedstoreportanunusualpatientconditiontothedoctor,whichtermshouldbeusedtodescribetheurgencyofthesituation?

A.Non-urgent

B.Routine

C.Stat

D.Scheduled

______

2.Whatisthecorrectmedicaltermfortheconditionwhereapatientcannoturinatedespitehavingtheurge?

A.Dysuria

B.Nocturia

C.Anuria

D.Retention

______

3.Inamedicalchart,whichabbreviationstandsfor"intravenous"?

A.IM

B.SQ

C.IV

D.PO

______

4.Whenanurseisadministeringmedication,whichstepshouldcome*after*checkingthepatient'sidentity?

A.Measuringthedose

B.Recordingtheadministrationtime

C.Checkingthepatient'svitalsigns

D.Explainingthemedicationpurpose

______

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodescribeapatient'spainlevelusinganumericalscale?

A.Verbalratingscale(VRS)

B.Visualanalogscale(VAS)

C.Numericalratingscale(NRS)

D.Alloftheabove

______

6.Ifapatienthasarespiratoryrateof30breathsperminute,whichtermbestdescribesthisrate?

A.Tachypnea

B.Bradypnea

C.Normopnea

D.Apnea

______

7.Whichmedicaltermreferstotheswellingofextremitiesduetofluidretention?

A.Edema

B.Hyperemia

C.Hematoma

D.Atrophy

______

8.Whenanurseneedstocommunicatewithapatientwhospeaksadifferentlanguage,whichapproachismostappropriate?

A.Usingafamilymemberasaninterpreter

B.Relyingsolelyongestures

C.Callingaprofessionalinterpreterservice

D.Writinginstructionsinthepatient'snativelanguage

______

9.Whichofthefollowingisacommonabbreviationfor"hypertension"?

A.HTN

B.THT

C.HTH

D.HPT

______

10.Whenanurseisdocumentingapatient'sintakeandoutput,whichabbreviationstandsfor"milliliters"?

A.mL

B.ML

C.Ml

D.M/L

______

**二、多選題（共15分，多選、錯(cuò)選均不得分）**

21.Whichofthefollowingarecommoncomponentsofapatient'smedicalhistory?

A.Allergies

B.Pastsurgeries

C.Currentmedications

D.Familymedicalhistory

E.Patient'soccupation

______

22.Whenperformingaphysicalassessment,whichbodysystemsshouldanurseexamine?

A.Cardiovascular

B.Respiratory

C.Neurological

D.Musculoskeletal

E.Gastrointestinal

______

23.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofnon-verbalcommunicationinnursing?

A.Eyecontact

B.Touch

C.Facialexpressions

D.Toneofvoice

E.Writtennotes

______

24.Whencaringforapatientwithdiabetes,whichactionsshouldanurseprioritize?

A.Monitoringbloodglucoselevels

B.Administeringinsulin

C.Educatingthepatientondietandexercise

D.Checkingforsignsofhyperglycemiaorhypoglycemia

E.Adjustingmedicationdosesasneeded

______

25.Whichofthefollowingarekeyelementsofadischargeteachingplanforapatientwithachronicillness?

A.Medicationadherenceinstructions

B.Follow-upappointmentscheduling

C.Significanceofsymptomstoreport

D.Homecareequipmentneeds

E.Emergencycontactinformation

______

**三、判斷題（共10分，每題0.5分）**

26.Anursecandelegatethetaskofadministeringmedicationtoanursingassistantifthemedicationisacontrolledsubstance.

______

27.Theterm"prn"isusedtoindicatethatamedicationshouldbetakenasneeded.

______

28.Apatient'stemperatureof101.3°F(38.5°C)isconsiderednormal.

______

29.Whendocumentingapatient'scondition,itisacceptabletouseabbreviationsthatarenotstandardizedinmedicalcharts.

______

30.Anurseshouldalwayswashtheirhandsbeforeandafterinteractingwithapatient.

______

31.Theabbreviation"qd"standsfor"everyotherday."

______

32.Apatient'sbloodpressureof120/80mmHgisclassifiedashypertension.

______

33.Whenapatientreportspain,anurseshouldalwaysassumeitisrelatedtotheirmedicalcondition.

______

34.Theterm"dyspnea"referstodifficultybreathing.

______

35.Anursecanuseapersonalphonetocallapharmacytoverifyamedicationorder.

______

**四、填空題（共15分，每空1分）**

36.Theprocessofidentifyingapatientusingatleasttwoidentifiersisknownas__________.

37.Themedicaltermforthefearofneedlesis__________.

38.Whenapatient'sconditionchangessuddenlyandrequiresimmediateattention,thenurseshouldreportitas__________.

39.Theabbreviation"gtt"standsfor__________,whichisusedtomeasuredropsofmedication.

40.Apatient'sbloodglucoselevelof200mg/dLindicates__________.

41.Thetermforapatient'spersonalmedicalhistoryis__________.

42.Whenanursecommunicateswithapatientinawaythatshowsrespectandunderstanding,itiscalled__________.

43.Themedicaltermfortheinflammationofthelungsis__________.

44.Theabbreviation"PO"standsfor__________,indicatingmedicationshouldbetakenorally.

45.Apatient'srespiratoryrateof12breathsperminuteisconsidered__________.

46.Theprocessofcleaningthehandsusingsoapandwateroranalcohol-basedhandsanitizeriscalled__________.

47.Themedicaltermforthepresenceofbloodintheurineis__________.

48.Apatient'sbloodpressureof90/60mmHgisclassifiedas__________.

49.Thetermforthemedicalrecordofapatient'scareis__________.

50.Theabbreviation"PRN"standsfor__________,indicatingmedicationshouldbetakenasneeded.

**五、簡(jiǎn)答題（共25分）**

51.Describethestepsanurseshouldfollowwhenadministeringmedicationtoapatient.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

52.Explaintheimportanceofmaintainingpatientconfidentialityinnursingpractice.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

53.Whatarethekeycomponentsofadischargeteachingplanforapatientwithheartfailure?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

54.Describethedifferencebetweenhypertensionandhypotension,andhowanursewouldmonitoreachcondition.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

**六、案例分析題（共25分）**

55.CaseStudy:

A65-year-oldpatientwithdiabetesisadmittedtothehospitalforaroutinecheck-up.Thepatientreportsfeelingdizzyandweak,andtheirbloodglucoselevelis300mg/dL.Thenursenotesthatthepatient'sbloodpressureis150/90mmHgandtheirheartrateis92beatsperminute.

a)Whatisthemostlikelycauseofthepatient'ssymptoms?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

b)Whatimmediateactionsshouldthenursetake?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

c)Howshouldthenurseprioritizethepatient'scare?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

d)Whateducationshouldthepatientreceiveregardingtheircondition?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

**參考答案及解析部分**

**參考答案及解析**

**一、單選題（共20分）**

1.C

解析：Stat表示緊急情況，用于描述需要立即處理的醫(yī)療狀況。其他選項(xiàng)中，Non-urgent（非緊急）、Routine（常規(guī)）、Scheduled（計(jì)劃）均不符合緊急情況的要求。

2.D

解析：Retention（潴留）是指無(wú)法排尿但仍有尿意的情況。其他選項(xiàng)中，Dysuria（排尿疼痛）、Nocturia（夜尿癥）、Anuria（無(wú)尿）均描述不同的排尿問(wèn)題。

3.C

解析：IV是intravenous（靜脈注射）的縮寫。其他選項(xiàng)中，IM（肌肉注射）、SQ（皮下注射）、PO（口服）均表示不同的給藥途徑。

4.A

解析：在給藥前，護(hù)士應(yīng)先測(cè)量劑量，這是給藥流程中的關(guān)鍵步驟。其他步驟應(yīng)在給藥后完成，如記錄時(shí)間和解釋藥物。

5.D

解析：所有選項(xiàng)都是描述疼痛水平的常用量表。但NRS（數(shù)字評(píng)分量表）是最常用的一種，因?yàn)樗?jiǎn)單直觀。

6.A

解析：Tachypnea（呼吸急促）是指呼吸頻率超過(guò)20次/分鐘。其他選項(xiàng)中，Bradypnea（呼吸過(guò)緩）、Normopnea（正常呼吸）、Apnea（呼吸暫停）均描述不同的呼吸狀況。

7.A

解析：Edema（水腫）是指由于液體潴留導(dǎo)致的身體部位腫脹。其他選項(xiàng)中，Hyperemia（充血）、Hematoma（血腫）、Atrophy（萎縮）均描述不同的病理狀態(tài)。

8.C

解析：使用專業(yè)口譯服務(wù)是最可靠的方式，可以確保信息的準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)。其他選項(xiàng)可能存在隱私泄露或溝通不準(zhǔn)確的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

9.A

解析：HTN是Hypertension（高血壓）的常用縮寫。其他選項(xiàng)均不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)學(xué)縮寫。

10.A

解析：mL是milliliters（毫升）的縮寫。其他選項(xiàng)均不是正確的醫(yī)學(xué)單位表示。

**二、多選題（共15分，多選、錯(cuò)選均不得分）**

21.A,B,C,D

解析：患者的病史應(yīng)包括過(guò)敏史、手術(shù)史、當(dāng)前用藥和家庭病史?；颊叩穆殬I(yè)不屬于病史范疇。

22.A,B,C,D,E

解析：全面的體格檢查應(yīng)包括心血管、呼吸、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、肌肉骨骼和消化系統(tǒng)。

23.A,B,C

解析：非語(yǔ)言溝通包括眼神交流、觸摸和面部表情。語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)（D）和書面記錄（E）屬于語(yǔ)言溝通。

24.A,B,C,D,E

解析：糖尿病護(hù)理應(yīng)包括監(jiān)測(cè)血糖、給藥、教育患者、監(jiān)測(cè)高血糖或低血糖癥狀以及調(diào)整藥物劑量。

25.A,B,C,D,E

解析：出院指導(dǎo)應(yīng)包括用藥、復(fù)診、癥狀報(bào)告、家庭護(hù)理需求和緊急聯(lián)系方式。

**三、判斷題（共10分，每題0.5分）**

26.×

解析：給藥任務(wù)不能委托給非注冊(cè)護(hù)士，即使藥物是受控藥物。

27.√

解析：prn是拉丁語(yǔ)"prorenata"的縮寫，意為按需給藥。

28.×

解析：正常體溫范圍是36.5°C至37.5°C（97.7°F至99.5°F）。101.3°F（38.5°C）屬于發(fā)熱。

29.×

解析：應(yīng)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的醫(yī)學(xué)縮寫，避免混淆。

30.√

解析：洗手是預(yù)防交叉感染的基本措施。

31.×

解析：qod是"everyotherday"（隔天）的縮寫。

32.×

解析：120/80mmHg屬于正常血壓范圍。

33.×

解析：疼痛可能由多種原因引起，需綜合評(píng)估。

34.√

解析：Dyspnea（呼吸困難）是呼吸急促的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

35.×

解析：應(yīng)使用醫(yī)院提供的電話，避免隱私泄露。

**四、填空題（共15分，每空1分）**

36.two-factoridentification

解析：指使用至少兩個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)符（如姓名和生日）來(lái)確認(rèn)患者身份。

37.trypanophobia

解析：是恐懼針頭的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

38.urgent

解析：指需要立即處理的醫(yī)療狀況。

39.drops

解析：gtt是"drops"（滴）的縮寫。

40.hyperglycemia

解析：200mg/dL的血糖水平屬于高血糖。

41.medicalhistory

解析：指患者的個(gè)人病史。

42.therapeuticcommunication

解析：指護(hù)士以尊重和理解的方式與患者溝通。

43.pneumonia

解析：是肺部炎癥的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

44.oral

解析：PO是"oral"（口服）的縮寫。

45.bradypnea

解析：12次/分鐘的呼吸頻率屬于呼吸過(guò)緩。

46.handhygiene

解析：指使用肥皂和水或酒精洗手液清潔雙手。

47.hematuria

解析：是尿液中存在血液的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

48.hypotension

解析：90/60mmHg的血壓屬于低血壓。

49.medicalrecord

解析：是患者護(hù)理記錄的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

50.prorenata

解析：prn是拉丁語(yǔ)"prorenata"的縮寫，意為按需給藥。

**五、簡(jiǎn)答題（共25分）**

51.Describethestepsanurseshouldfollowwhenadministeringmedicationtoapatient.

答：①核對(duì)患者身份（姓名、床號(hào)）；②檢查藥物標(biāo)簽（名稱、劑量、有效期）；③評(píng)估患者是否適合給藥；④測(cè)量并準(zhǔn)備藥物劑量；⑤告知患者藥物用途；⑥將藥物緩慢注入患者體內(nèi)；⑦觀察患者反應(yīng)；⑧記錄給藥時(shí)間、劑量和患者反應(yīng)。

52.Explaintheimportanceofmaintainingpatientconfidentialityinnursingpractice.

答：①保護(hù)患者隱私，避免信息泄露；②建立信任關(guān)系，提高患者依從性；③遵守法律法規(guī)（如HIPAA）；④維護(hù)職業(yè)