試卷第=page22頁，共=sectionpages1919頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁專題01語法填空之提示詞為動(dòng)詞目錄01知識腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識能力全解【知能解讀01】目錄01知識腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識能力全解【知能解讀01】括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞思維導(dǎo)圖【知能解讀02】括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞解讀【知能解讀03】如何判定作謂語還是非謂語【知能解讀04】如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)03攻堅(jiān)指南·高頻考點(diǎn)突破【重難點(diǎn)突破01】如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)【重難點(diǎn)突破02】如何確定謂語的主謂一致04避坑錦囊·易混易錯(cuò)診療【易混易錯(cuò)01】如何確定填寫非謂語動(dòng)詞【易混易錯(cuò)02】非謂語作主語【易混易錯(cuò)03】非謂語作賓語【易混易錯(cuò)04】非謂語作定語【易混易錯(cuò)05】非謂語作狀語【易混易錯(cuò)06】非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語【易混易錯(cuò)07】非謂語作表語05通法提煉·高頻思維拆解【用法拓展01】如何確定填寫動(dòng)詞詞類轉(zhuǎn)換【用法拓展02】動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞【用法拓展03】動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞01括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞思維導(dǎo)圖02括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞解讀語法填空括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞的三種填法：一是謂語動(dòng)詞方向，然后進(jìn)一步考慮該謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致；二是非謂語動(dòng)詞方向，再結(jié)合語境邏輯和搭配考慮用不定式、-ing或過去分詞；三是動(dòng)詞詞類轉(zhuǎn)換方向，結(jié)合語境考慮動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞或形容詞，甚至副詞。03如何判定作謂語還是非謂語1.判定作謂語還是非謂語思維導(dǎo)圖解讀：雙無—一個(gè)句子無謂語，無連接詞，所給動(dòng)詞應(yīng)考慮填謂語。雙有—一個(gè)句子有謂語，且有連接詞，所給動(dòng)詞應(yīng)考慮填謂語。有謂無連—一個(gè)句子有謂語，但是后邊動(dòng)詞所在句子無連接詞，考慮非謂語。2．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，填寫謂語動(dòng)詞三種情況：若句中無謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但空處所需詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，空處就用謂語動(dòng)詞。一個(gè)句子（包含從句）謂語有三種情況：單一謂語：考例1：（簡單句）Uptonow,Chinahasestablishedanumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.(2023北京卷)考例2：（復(fù)合句）AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,orweiqiinChinese,whichoriginatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.(2025全國一卷)雙謂語：考例3：Hequicklythrewhistoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.(2022新課標(biāo)II卷)三謂語：考例4：Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthefallingchild.(2022新課標(biāo)II卷)2．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，且不是作并列謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。考例5：Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,(inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,)wasbuiltattheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.(2024新課標(biāo)II卷)考例6：From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,resultinginUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.(2021北京卷)【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Theguide________(lead)theway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.2.Theguide________(lead)theway,sowehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.3.________(call)metomorrowandI’llletyouknowthelabresult.4.________(call)metomorrow,I’llletyouknowthelabresult.5.Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,________(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.6.Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,and______(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.7.There______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.8.There______nobusandwehadtowalkhome.9.Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,andallhisattention________(fix)onit.10.Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,allhisattention________(fix)onit.04如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)解題思路技法點(diǎn)撥1.慧眼識別標(biāo)志詞認(rèn)清?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)標(biāo)志：often，usually，always，sometimes等時(shí)間狀語。(2)一般過去時(shí)標(biāo)志：yesterday，lastyear，in2022，theotherday等。(3)一般將來時(shí)標(biāo)志：tomorrow，nextyear，inthefuture，soon等時(shí)間狀語。(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志：atthismoment，atpresent，now等時(shí)間狀語。(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志：since，inthelastfewyears，sofar/uptonow等時(shí)間狀語。(6)過去完成時(shí)標(biāo)志：bythen，bytheendof...等時(shí)間狀語。2.瞻前顧后找并列(1)根據(jù)并列連詞and，but，or，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。(2)同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。3.通過常用句式法(1)was/weredoing...when...＋一般過去時(shí)(2)was/wereabouttodo...when...＋一般過去時(shí)(3)itisthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that...＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(4)itwasthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that...＋過去完成時(shí)(5)Nosoonerhad＋主語＋done...than＋一般過去時(shí)(6)Hardly/Scarcelyhad＋主語＋done...when＋一般過去時(shí)(7)Itwillbe＋時(shí)間段＋before＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)4.通過語境暗示法分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，而沒有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一種行之有效的方法。【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Only12weeksago,he____________(undergo)amajorhearttransplantsurgery.2．Thedog____________(jump)overthewallandranafterthechicken.3．Look!Thestar____________(wear)ablackhatthere.4．Asthecity____________(expand),dozensofmodernbuildingshavebeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.5．I____________(read)abookintheparkwhenalittledogranuptome.6．—Hi,Andrew.HowcanyouimproveyourEnglishsomuch?—Theharderyouworkatit,themoreprogressyou____________(make).7．Itwashopedthathishealth____________(pick)upsoonwiththenewtreatment.8．China’shigh-speedrailways____________(grow)from9,000to25,000kilometresinthepastfewyears.9．Nowonderthechildrenareexcited;thisisthefirsttimethey____________(be)abroad.10．They____________(hope)toholdtheschoolsportsmeeting,butitrainedheavily.01如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)1.依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系辨析主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則考慮用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式為：be＋過去分詞，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上。(3)只有及物動(dòng)詞(短語)才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2.?？嫉膸追N時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone；(2)一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone；(3)過去將來時(shí)：wouldbedone；(4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/havebeendone。(5)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone。3.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義句式結(jié)構(gòu)(1)當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等系動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞時(shí)；(2)當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、open、run、burn等動(dòng)詞后有狀語(well、easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Aftertheaccident,theinjured___________(take)tothenearesthospitalinnotimeyesterday.2．It___________(announce)thatanewheadmasterwillbeappointedinchargeofthenewschool.3．Anewpolicy___________(discuss)inthemeetingroomatthemoment.4．Ihadtowalktoworkbecausemycar___________(repair).5．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsand___________(reward)withsuccessintheireffortsintheend.6．Over500wintercoats___________(donate)tothehomelesssheltersincetheprogramwasstarted.7．Everymeans___________(try)uptonow,butwestillcan’tcomeupwithagoodwaytohandlethecurrentdilemma.8．Shakespeare’splayHamlet___________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsbytheendoflastyear.9．Thelengthoftheessayshould___________(limit)toabout400words.10．Yourcar___________(handle)easily.It’smuchbetterthanmine.02如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的主謂一致1．語法一致原則(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，且主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，要考慮謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與短語前面的主語保持一致；(2)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致；(3)“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；each,every,no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。2．就近一致原則(1)or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...等連接并列主語時(shí)；(2)there/herebe句式。3．意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；(2)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)、主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)；(3)由分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或者some、apartof等修飾時(shí)，要根據(jù)所修飾的名詞確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；(4)“the＋形容詞”表示抽象概念，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；“the＋形容詞”表示一類人或物，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Manyacollegestudent___________(be)senttothepoorareatohelpthechildrentherelastmonth.2．Havingalotincommonbetweencultures___________(result)ineasierunderstandingandmutualrespect.3．Everyboyandeverygirl___________(wish)toattendtheEnglishEveningtobeheldonSaturday.4．Ithinkeitheryouorshe___________(be)wrong,andyou'dbettergoandsaysorrytoher.5．Thenumberofguestsinvited___________(be)50,butanumberofthem___________(be)absentfortheheavyrain.01如何確定填寫非謂語動(dòng)詞1.如何確定所給動(dòng)詞填非謂語動(dòng)詞考例1：___________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)考例2：Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronseat20,___________(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022全國甲卷)2.非謂語句法功能類型主語賓語定語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√02非謂語作主語1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式移到句子的后面。It'sagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.和你交談是一種很大的樂趣。2.動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。Itiawasteoftimedoing…Itisnousegooddoingsth.Itisnogoodcomingbeforethat.在那之前來沒有好處。3.動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作表語表示通常的情況。Mydreamistoenter

BeijingUniversity.我的夢想是考入北京大學(xué)。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你們英語。【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．It’snouse___________(talk)toher.Sheisstubborn.2．___________(expose)tothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.3．Thereisnodoubtthatitisvital___________(have)agoodcommandofsomeknowledgeoffirstaid.4．Ittookhermonths___________(recover)fromtheshockoftheaccident.5．It’smyhonour___________(share)withyoumyviewsonthisphenomenontoday.03非謂語作賓語1.不定式作賓語①常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help

MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英語老師答應(yīng)借給我一些書。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我們一致同意在校門口見面。②動(dòng)詞tell，show，understand，know，explain，learn，advise等常接“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.請告訴我何時(shí)開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。③在某些動(dòng)詞如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式賓語，然后加賓語補(bǔ)足語，最后加不定式作真正的賓語。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。2.動(dòng)名詞作賓語①常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse，admit，delay,fancy避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞avoid，miss，goon/keepon，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)避免forbid，imagine，risk，can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape

Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對我的問題避而不答。Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見面。Mymothercouldn’thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽到那個(gè)好消息，我媽媽情不自禁地笑起來。②介詞后要跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但是介詞but后跟不定式作賓語。Aftereatinginherrestaurantpeoplewouldbecometiredveryquickly.人們在她的餐館里吃過飯以后，很快就會感到疲乏。Theyhadnochoicebuttowaithere.他們別無選擇只有在這兒等待。③由“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，常見的有beusedto(習(xí)慣于)，feellike(想要)，insiston(堅(jiān)持)，getdownto(開始)，devote...to...(致力于…)，objectto(反對)，stickto(堅(jiān)持)，giveup(放棄)等。Withmanyreferencematerialsinhand，hegotdowntowritinghisgraduationthesis.手頭有許多參考資料，他開始寫畢業(yè)論文。3.下列動(dòng)詞或短語既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別：meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事forgettodosth忘記要去做某事未做forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事已做過)regrettodosth對要做的事感到遺憾未做regretdoingsth對做過的事后悔已做trytodosth努力去做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事goontodosth繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoingsth繼續(xù)做原來做的事remembertodosth記住去做某事未做rememberdoingsth記得做過某事已做Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯(cuò)過這輛火車意味著得再等一小時(shí)。4．在need，want，require等后表示被動(dòng)意義，不定式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞不需要。Mybikeneedstoberepaired.＝Mybikeneedsrepairing.我的自行車需要修理?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Ourneighbourthreatened(call)thepoliceifwedidn’tstopthenoise.2．Ifounditdifficult(fall)asleepinsuchahotday.3．Shetried(breathe)slowlytocalmhernerves,butfailed.4．HeaskedmeifIhadconsidered(visit)Zhangjiajiewithhimthatweekend.5．Manypeoplenowwouldrelyon(surf)theInternetratherthanreadthenewspaperfornews.04非謂語作定語1．不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語常表示將來的動(dòng)作；不定式的被動(dòng)式tobedone作定語表示將來、被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Youaresupposedtotakethisopportunitytorealizeyourdream.你應(yīng)該抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會去實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢想。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.將在會議上討論的那個(gè)問題非常重要。(2)不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語。如果作定語的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。Hehadnopentowritewithsohehadtoborrowonefromhisneighbour.他沒有鋼筆寫字，不得不從鄰居那兒借了一支。(3)當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞、最高級，thelast，theonly等或中心詞被這類詞修飾，且該中心詞是作定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，多用不定式作定語。

Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(4)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。2．分詞作定語(1)及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語作定語的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞、“being＋過去分詞”、過去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用being＋過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成或狀態(tài)時(shí)，用過去分詞。Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.公園里人山人海，人們在陽光下玩得很快樂。(主動(dòng))Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我們必須對在此討論的問題保密。(被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行)Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人們期待著從全國各地挑選出來的運(yùn)動(dòng)員能在今年夏季的賽事中給我們帶來榮譽(yù)。(被動(dòng)、完成)(2)不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。fallingleaves正在下落的葉子(表正在進(jìn)行)fallenleaves落葉(表完成)3．動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語常用來說明被修飾詞的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖areadingroom閱覽室

asleepingcar臥鋪車【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．HangzhouwillbethethirdChinesecity___________(host)theAsianGamesafterBeijingandGuangzhou.2．Wearenowata___________(turn)point,soweshouldbeverycarefulwithourdecision.3．Thecouplelivedinafurnishedflat___________(measure)approximately15metresby16metres.4．Theoldbuilding___________(date)backtotheSuiDynastyisstillingoodcondition.5．I’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition___________(advertise)onthenewspaperandIthinkI’mqualifiedforit.05非謂語作狀語1．不定式作狀語(1)作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語意為“為了”，可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，不定式前也可加inorder或soas，但soasto不能用于句首。Topassthecollegeentranceexam，wemustworkhard.為了通過大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Thebusstoppedinorderto/soastopickuppassengers.公共汽車停下來以便接載乘客。(2)作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示令人意外的結(jié)果，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：onlyto(不料……)、enoughto(足夠……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomhurriedbackonlytofindthathismotherhadleft.湯姆匆忙趕回來，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的母親已經(jīng)離開了。Heiscleverenoughtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem.他足夠聰明，能解決這道數(shù)學(xué)難題。I’mtootiredtostayupanylonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。(3)作原因狀語形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，后可接不定式作原因狀語，用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因或所表示的情況，常用在“主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞和過去分詞有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。注意：形容詞如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，后面也常用不定式作狀語，不定式和句子主語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空氣呼吸起來很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.這本書很難理解。2．分詞作狀語分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且含有進(jìn)行的意義；過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且含有完成的意義。(1)作時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于when，while，before，since，as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.當(dāng)這個(gè)句子被譯成英語時(shí)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一個(gè)完全不同的語序。(2)作原因狀語相當(dāng)于because，since，as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。①Notunderstandingthisproblem，heaskedtheteacheraboutit.②Defeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.由于被同桌打敗了，他感到氣餒。(3)作條件狀語相當(dāng)于if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.如果再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解決這個(gè)問題。(4)作結(jié)果狀語常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果，分詞前可接thus。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。(5)作方式或伴隨狀語表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的(或者伴隨的)動(dòng)作，常用逗號與句子主體部分隔開，相當(dāng)于并列句。OneeveningHarryphonedme，askingmetocometohisflatassoonaspossible.一天晚上哈里給我打電話，要求我盡快去他的公寓。(6)作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于though，although，evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Warnedofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.雖然被警告有危險(xiǎn)，他仍舊在薄冰上滑冰。注意：某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)這些過去分詞既不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐著的)、hidden(隱瞞的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿著……的)、tired(對……感到厭倦的)、excited(興奮的)等。Absorbedinhisbook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。Dressedinred，shelooksmorebeautiful.穿著紅色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．___________(engage)inmakingadifferencetosociety,thestudentssoughttobeactivecitizens.2．___________(convince)oftheaccuracyofthedata,theystucktotheiropinion.3．___________(combine)yourknowledgewithyourexperience,youaresuretosucceed.4．Hehurriedlyrushedtothestation,only___________(inform)thatthetrainwouldarrivelate.5．___________(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltension,weeachneedinnerquietness.06非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語1．后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(1)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即“動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語＋賓語＋todo”。常見的這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語有：advise建議allow允許encourage鼓勵(lì)permit準(zhǔn)許forbid禁止force強(qiáng)迫intend打算invite邀請order命令；要求persuade說服require需要；要求remind提醒warn警告。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.

醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。HedependsonyoutohelphimwithhisEnglish.他指望你幫助他學(xué)英語。(2)下列句型中常用動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，它們是：besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendonesthHeissaidtohavebeencheatedinthestreet.據(jù)說，他在大街上被騙了。Theaccidentisreportedtohavekilledtwopeople.據(jù)報(bào)道，那次事故中有兩人喪生。2．非謂語動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)(1)感官動(dòng)詞(短語)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，feel的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式。Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。AsIgotcloser，Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.當(dāng)我走近時(shí)，我看見他的腿在空中亂踢，并且呼吸沉重。注意：“感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語”在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)需加to。Thethiefwasobservedtoenterthebank.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))有人看見小偷進(jìn)了銀行。(2)使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have，get后接復(fù)合賓語的情況：Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老師讓一些學(xué)生放學(xué)后待在教室里。

Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstood.他盡量把自己的意思表達(dá)清楚。Don’tletyourchildplaywithmatches.別讓你的孩子玩火柴。3．“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望著天空。(2)with＋名詞/代詞＋過去分詞，過去分詞可表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成或表狀態(tài)。Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了發(fā)，他看起來年輕多了。(3)with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式，不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.因?yàn)橛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Wewanttopersuademales(think)aboutcareeroptionsofgoingintonursing.2．Withprices(range)fromabout$40to$100,theshoescanbeeasytoget.3．Theboatwasfilledwithwaterandsank,andToadfoundhimself(struggle)indeepwater.4．Weputupsomephotosoftopuniversitiesintheclassroomtokeepourselves(remind)ofourdreams.5．Withthepackage(deliver)tothedoor,shefinallysighedwithrelief.07非謂語作表語1.

不定式（todo）作表語用法：通常用于表達(dá)目的、意圖、愿望、職業(yè)、能力等，對主語進(jìn)行解釋，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容或目標(biāo)。Mydreamistobecomeasuccessfulwriter.我的夢想是成為一名成功的作家。2.動(dòng)名詞（doing）作表語用法：表示主語的慣常行為或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的性質(zhì)或身份，通常與主語可互換位置且邏輯通順。MyjobisteachingEnglish.我的工作是教英語。3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞）作表語現(xiàn)在分詞：表示主語的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)或令人……的狀態(tài)，常修飾物。Thenewsisexciting.這個(gè)消息令人興奮。過去分詞done：表示主語的感受或所處的被動(dòng)狀態(tài)，常修飾人。Weareexcitedatthegoodnews.我們對這個(gè)好消息感到興奮?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Hehadonlysixyearsofschooling,andhisambitionwas(become)asailor.2．Yourtaskis(clean)theoldcaroverthereonyourown.3．Althoughithasbeenburiedundergroundforover1,000years,theancientqueen’sbodyremainswell(preserve).4．(attach)totheemailisacopyofdocumentbearinghersignature.5．Theguestscamein,butsheremained(sit)bythedesk.01如何確定填寫動(dòng)詞詞類轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為動(dòng)詞，如果該動(dòng)詞在句中既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則要考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞還是形容詞，則要根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進(jìn)一步分析?？祭?：Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe_________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.(2024浙江卷1月)考例2：Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe_________(complete)oftheirjourney.(2024全國甲卷)02動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞名詞后綴單詞示例－er/－orannounce→announcer廣播員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員instruct→instructor指導(dǎo)者，教師design→designer設(shè)計(jì)師－mentachieve→achievement成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備govern→government政府－yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)－ance/－enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；表現(xiàn)prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考，查閱－ure/－turefail→failure失??；倒閉press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing聽力，聽覺begin→beginning開始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss→discussion討論；論述decide→decision決定admit→admission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入permit→permission允許，許可invite→invitation邀請explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Ifyoufailtokeepthedentist’s__________(appoint),you’llhavetopayforit.2．Manypeoplechoosethetrainin__________(prefer)tothecartotravel.3．The__________(explore)ofMarsbythenewestroboticsystemwillbeginnextmonth.4．The__________(destroy)ofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.5．The__________(adapt)oftheplaybythefamouswriterbecamepopularinthecountry.03動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞形容詞后綴單詞示例－ablesuitvt.適合→suitableadj.合適的adjustvt.調(diào)節(jié)→adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的－edfrustrate

vt.使沮喪→frustratedadj.沮喪的annoyvt.使生氣→annoyedadj.惱怒的－ingconvince

vt.使信服→convincing

adj.令人信服的thrillvt.使興奮→thrillingadj.令人興奮的－fulforget

vt.忘記→forgetful

adj.健忘的succeedvt.成功→successfuladj.成功的－ivecomprehendv.理解→comprehensiveadj.綜合性的createv.創(chuàng)造→creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的－anttoleratev.容忍→tolerantadj.寬容的，容忍的ignorev.忽視→ignorantadj.無知的，愚昧的【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Hismixoftalent,ambition,energy,andluckmadeDickensoneoftheworld’sbest-knownandmost___________(distinguish)writers.2．Atthegraduationceremony,Ibowedlowtoour___________(dedicate)Englishteachertothankherforherguidanceandencouragement.3．Teachingyoungchildrenisa___________(challenge)butrewardingjob.4．Standingonthetopofthemountain,wecanhaveagoodviewofthe___________(surround)hills.5．___________(absorb)inhisstudy,Mr.Liisalwaysforgettingsomething,whichoftenmakeshiswifeangry.括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞括號內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞綜合能力提升一、單句填空在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．It(strike)methatnoonewasathomewhenIfoundIhadleftmykeybehindathome.2．I(expect)toarriveontime,butIwascaughtinthetrafficjam.3．Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat(suit)everyone.4．Hewouldhaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,buthe(occupy)himselfwithanimportantexperiment.5．What(attract)memosttothejobwasthechancetotravelabroad.6．Shewasastonished;thiswasthefirsttimeshe(hear)ofsuchthings.7．Thenaughtyboypretended(read)whentheheadmastercameintotheclassroom.8．Teenagersmayfinditdifficult(resist)peerpressure.9．(admit)toPekingUniversitymakesmyparentsexcitedandproud.10．Itisnouse(complain)allthetimeandthemostimportantthingyoushoulddoislookforthebrightsideoflife.11．Ire