2019年北京外國語大學(xué)英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題試卷一、英譯漢1.EQ

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正確答案：（情商）2.adversityquotient

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正確答案：（逆商）3.CIO

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正確答案：（首席信息官）4.interimprovision

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正確答案：（臨時規(guī)定）5.OTC

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正確答案：（非處方藥／場外交易）6.UPU

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正確答案：（萬國郵政聯(lián)盟）7.inductioncooker

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正確答案：（電磁爐）8.pentathlon

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正確答案：（五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動）9.certificateoforigin

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正確答案：（原產(chǎn)地證書）10.pathogen

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正確答案：（病原體）11.financialstatements

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正確答案：（財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表）12.Noloitering.

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正確答案：（請勿逗留。）13.dopamine

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正確答案：（多巴胺）14.nationaltreatment

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正確答案：（國民待遇）15.pyramidscheme

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正確答案：（傳銷）16.Majorglobaltrendssuchaspopulationgrowth,urbanization,uneveneconomicgrowth,increasinginequality,suddenorprotractedpoliticaltransitionsandclimatechangesuggestthathumanitariancaseloadswillcontinuetoincrease.Already,theconsequencesofdisastersfornationalandregionaldevelopment,aswellaseconomicgrowth,haveledmanygovernmentstobolsternationalcapacitiesfordisastermanagement.Peopleaffectedbyemergenciesalsoincreasinglyusetechnologytoarticulatetheirneeds,toseekresourcesfromtheirowncommunities,neighborsandgovernments.Humanitarianactorscanleveragetechnologytodistributeassistancemorequicklyandcostefficientlyandtomaphazardsforbettercoordinationandplanning.Itwillbeessentialtosupportinnovationinthesectorandforhumanitarianorganizationstoharnesstheopportunitiestechnologycanprovide.MemberStatesandhumanitarianactorsarestillbetteratrespondingtocrisesthanatpreventingorpreparingforthem.Recognizingthis,theUnitedNationsbroughtresiliencetotheforefrontofthehumanitarianagendain2012throughclosercollaborationbetweenhumanitariananddevelopmentagenciestomanagerisksandaddresstheunderlyingvulnerabilities.Increasedsynergiesbetweendisasterriskreduction,includingpreparedness,andclimatechangemitigationandadaptationeffortswillbeneeded.Giventhechanginghumanitarianlandscape,wemustcontinuetoadaptandupdatetheinternationalhumanitariansystem,makingitmoreinclusiveandinteroperable,connectingandconveningallactorswhowanttocontributetodifferentaspectsofpreparedness,response,resilienceandrecovery.Wemustputagreaterpremiumonevidence,innovationandpartnerships,aswellasonenhancedcapacity,especiallyatthelocallevel.Moremustbedonetoengageaffectedcountries.PreparationsareunderwayforaWorldHumanitarianSummitin2016totakestockofthechangingenvironment,agreeonhowtoadaptandmakehumanitarianactionfitforfuturechallenges.

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正確答案：（全球主要趨勢，如人口增長、城市化、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不平衡、不平等加劇、突然或長期的政治過渡和氣候變化，都在表明人道主義案件數(shù)量將繼續(xù)增加。災(zāi)害給國家、區(qū)域和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來的后果迫使許多國家增強(qiáng)災(zāi)害管理能力。受突發(fā)事件影響，人們也越來越多地利用技術(shù)來表達(dá)他們的需求,向他們所在的社區(qū)、鄰居和政府尋求資源。人道主義行動者可以利用技術(shù)更迅速、更經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地進(jìn)行援助,并繪制危機(jī)地圖，以便更好地協(xié)調(diào)和規(guī)劃援助。支持該領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新至關(guān)重要，人道主義組織利用技術(shù)提供的機(jī)會也意義重大。會員國和人道主義行動者在應(yīng)對危機(jī)方面仍然比在阻止或預(yù)防危機(jī)方面做得更好。認(rèn)識到了這一點(diǎn)，聯(lián)合國通過人道主義機(jī)構(gòu)和發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)之間展開更密切的合作，在2012年使復(fù)原力成為人道主義議程的重要內(nèi)容，以管理風(fēng)險和彌補(bǔ)潛在的漏洞。減少災(zāi)害風(fēng)險（包括防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備）與減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化之間需要加強(qiáng)協(xié)同作用。鑒于不斷變化的人道主義形勢，我們必須繼續(xù)調(diào)整和更新國際人道主義體系，使其更具包容性和可互操作性，聯(lián)系和召集所有希望為準(zhǔn)備、應(yīng)對、復(fù)原和恢復(fù)等方面做出貢獻(xiàn)的行動者。我們必須更加重視各種情況、創(chuàng)新和伙伴關(guān)系，并增強(qiáng)能力，特別是地方能力。必須采取更多措施，讓受影響的國家參與進(jìn)來。2016年世界人道主義峰會的籌備工作正在進(jìn)行中，該峰會將評估不斷變化的環(huán)境，就如何適應(yīng)和采取人道主義行動以應(yīng)對未來挑戰(zhàn)達(dá)成一致。）二、漢譯英17.報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅

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正確答案：（retaliatorytariff）18.水陸兩棲飛機(jī)

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正確答案：（amphibiousaircraft）19.大道至簡

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正確答案：（Thegreatesttruthsarethesimplest.）20.吃瓜群眾

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正確答案：（onlooker）21.上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)

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正確答案：（ShanghaiPilotFreeTradeZone）22.網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間

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正確答案：（cyberspace）23.剁手黨

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正確答案：（shopaholic）24.司法行政機(jī)關(guān)

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正確答案：（judicialadministrativeorgans）25.自拍

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正確答案：（selfie）26.文化事業(yè)單位

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正確答案：（culturalinstitutions）27.健身教練

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正確答案：（fitnesstrainer）28.暫行規(guī)定

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正確答案：（interimprovisions）29.科技創(chuàng)業(yè)板

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正確答案：（GrowthEnterpriseMarketforScientificEnterprises）30.疏導(dǎo)公眾情緒

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正確答案：（todefusepublicanger）31.政府采購

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正確答案：（governmentprocurement）32.越來越多的有識之士認(rèn)為，人類文明正處于深刻轉(zhuǎn)型之中，正走向一個新時代。有人認(rèn)為新時代將是信息文明新時代，有人認(rèn)為新時代將是生態(tài)文明新時代。相應(yīng)地產(chǎn)生了兩種新哲學(xué)——信息哲學(xué)和生態(tài)哲學(xué)。二者都批判笛卡爾的心物二元論和康德的人與非人事物之截然二分。但信息哲學(xué)有強(qiáng)烈的計(jì)算主義和還原論傾向，因而走向了一元論，并有支持完全可知論的可能。而生態(tài)哲學(xué)以量子物理學(xué)和蘊(yùn)含生態(tài)學(xué)的復(fù)雜性科學(xué)為依據(jù)，提出了生機(jī)論世界觀、謙遜理性主義知識論和超越物質(zhì)主義的價值觀。生態(tài)哲學(xué)將為生態(tài)文明新時代凝練時代精神的精華。大自然是生生不息，包孕萬物，是一門變化的語言，而人類語言（包括數(shù)學(xué)語言）一旦說出或者寫出就會“凝固”。農(nóng)業(yè)文明的發(fā)展是綠色發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)文明的綠色發(fā)展是低技術(shù)的綠色發(fā)展。工業(yè)文明的發(fā)展是“黑色發(fā)展”，走向生態(tài)文明是重走綠色發(fā)展之路。但生態(tài)文明的綠色發(fā)展是選擇繼承了工業(yè)文明之高科技的綠色發(fā)展。它既不是單一的物質(zhì)財(cái)富增長，不是單一的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，也不是單一的科技進(jìn)步，而是包含技術(shù)進(jìn)步、政治進(jìn)步、文化繁榮、精神提升的綜合發(fā)展。

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正確答案：（Moreandmorepeopleofinsightbelievethathumancivilizationisundergoingaprofoundtransformationandisheadingforanewera.Somepeoplethinkthatitwillbeaneweraofinformationcivilization,whileothersthinkthatitwillbeaneweraofecologicalcivilization.Accordingly,twonewphilosophies,namely,informationphilosophyandecologicalphilosophy,cameintobeing.TheybothcriticizeDescartes’mind-matterdualismandKant’sdichotomybetweenhumanbeingsandotherbeings.However,informationphilosophyhasastrongtendencyofcomputerizationandreductionism,whichleadstomonismandthereisthepossibilityofsupportingfullyknowability.Whilebasedonquantumphysicsandthecomplexscienceofecology,ecologicalphilosophyputsforwardtheoutlookofvitalism,humblerationalism,epistemologyandvaluesbeyondmaterialism.Ecologicalphilosophywillbetheessenceofthespiritforthe