課堂探究1．Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?如果明天突然沒有米可吃了，你認(rèn)為會發(fā)生什么事呢？剖析：1)doyouthink屬于插入語，置于特殊疑問詞之后。句子的主干應(yīng)是Whatwouldhappen？如：Whodoyouthinkwillcometohelpus?你認(rèn)為誰將來幫助我們？2)該句中用了虛擬語氣，表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)。從句用一般過去時，主句中用“would/could/might/should＋動詞原形”。要注意在使用虛擬語氣時謂語動詞的形式：從句謂語主句謂語現(xiàn)在情況一般過去時(be要用were)would/could/might/shoulddo將來情況一般過去時shoulddoweretodowould/could/might/shoulddo過去情況過去完成時，即haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone注意：如果if條件句中含有were，should，had，則可以將if省略，把were，should，had提到主語的前面。如：WereIyou，Iwouldn'tmakehimangry.如果我是你，我不會讓他生氣。Shouldhecome，Iwouldletyouknow.如果他來，我會讓你知道。Hadtheysaidsorrytome，Iwouldhaveforgiventhem.如果他們向我道過歉，我就原諒他們了。單項填空1)IshouldnothavelaughedifI______youwereserious.A．thought B．wouldthinkC．hadthought D．havethought2)—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhe______meaboutit，Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A．shouldtell B．tells C．told D．hadtold完成句子3)____________(你認(rèn)為他們什么時候)willbeback?4)____________(如果我是你)，Ishouldn'tdothat.答案：1)C2)D3)Whendoyouthinkthey4)IfIwereyou/WereIyou2．Indeed，hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim，strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers，forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的確，他被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實的身軀，就跟其他千百萬中國農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。剖析：1)本句中含有一個定語從句forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades，修飾先行詞Chinesefarmers。該定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是“介詞＋whom”的形式。如：Iwon'tforgettheoldworkerwithwhomIworkedforthreeyears.我不會忘記那位老工人，我和他在一起工作了三年。2)those代替前面的名詞hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim，strongbody?？键cstrugglevi.&n．斗爭；拼搏；努力Hehasstruggledagainstillnessformanyyears.他與疾病斗爭很多年了。Theyoungmanisstrugglingforhisfuture.這個年輕人在為自己的將來拼搏。Abirdwascaughtinthenetandwasstrugglingtogetfree.一只鳥被網(wǎng)罩住了，掙扎著想要逃脫。Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneintime.為使工作按時完成，我作了一番艱苦的努力。歸納：struggleagainst的含義是“同……作斗爭”。strugglefor的含義是“為……奮斗”。struggletodosth的含義是“掙扎著做某事”。struggle作名詞時是可數(shù)名詞。單項填空1)Inourclassthereare46students，______halfwearglasses.A．inwhom B．inthemC．ofwhom D．ofthem2)Adolescenceisadifficultperiodoflife，oftencharacterizedbya______individualindependence.A．strugglewith B．struggletoC．strugglefor D．struggleagainst翻譯句子3)那個小孩在我懷里掙扎。________________________________________________________________________4)那時他們?yōu)榱松娑窢?。________________________________________________________________________答案：1)C2)C3)Thatchildisstrugglinginmyarms.4)Atthattimetheystruggledforaliving.3．YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.袁隆平要在不增加土地面積的基礎(chǔ)上尋求增收稻谷的途徑。剖析：句子中的動詞不定式短語toincreasericeharvests在句子中作定語，修飾away。如：Canyouthinkofawaytosolvetheproblem?你能想出一個辦法來解決這個問題嗎？考點expandvt.&vi.使變大；伸展Sheexpandedherstorebyaddingasecondroom.她通過再增加一間房子來擴大自己的商店。Theflowersexpandedinthesunshine.花兒在陽光下開放了。Ourforeigntradehasexpandedgreatlyinrecentyears.我國的對外貿(mào)易近幾年來已有很大發(fā)展?？键c延伸1)expand還有“細(xì)說；闡述”的含義。如：Youmentionedtheneedforextrafunding.Wouldyoupleaseexpandonthat?你提到了增加資金的必要性，請你充分?jǐn)⑹鲆幌潞脝?？歸納：expand作“細(xì)說；闡述”講時，常與介詞on連用。2)expand的名詞為expansion。expansion作“擴大；膨脹”等講時，是不可數(shù)名詞；作“擴大物；增加部分”講時，則是可數(shù)名詞。3)辨析expand與extend：expand是“范圍”擴張；extend意為“延伸”，也有“擴張”的意思。單項填空1)Whenreading，youshould______yourattentiononthemainideaandthestructureofthepassage，notonspecificwordsorsentences.A．pay B．focus C．put D．expand2)Metals______whentheyareheated.A．enlargeB．expand C．extend D．stretch用expand的適當(dāng)形式填空3)Hebreatheddeeplyand______hischest.4)Manyoldfactories____________inrecentyears.答案：1)B2)B3)expanded4)havebeenexpanded4．Thankstohisresearch，theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.多虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。剖析：thankstohisresearch在句子中作原因狀語?？键c一thanksto幸虧；由于；因為Thankstoyou，Iwassavedfromdrowning.幸虧有你，我才沒淹死。Thankstotheeffortsbytheheadmaster，Icangobacktoschoolnow.由于校長的努力，我現(xiàn)在又能回學(xué)校上學(xué)了。Hewascriticizedthankstohisbeinglate.他因為遲到受到了批評。歸納：thanksto相當(dāng)于becauseof，具有介詞性質(zhì)，后可接sb，sth_或動名詞短語?？键c延伸同義詞：becauseof，owingto，dueto考點二rid...of擺脫；除去Hefinallyridhimselfofallfinancialworries.他終于使自己擺脫了所有的財政憂慮。Youhaveridyourselfofthatbadhabit.你已經(jīng)改掉了那個壞習(xí)慣。歸納：rid的過去式和過去分詞均是rid。考點延伸1)近義詞：free...of使擺脫……breakawayfrom脫離，擺脫2)rid的常用短語歸納：beridof擺脫掉getridof擺脫掉；除掉；處理掉如：Iamgladtoberidofhim.我很高興擺脫了他。We'llhavetogetridofhim.我們必須擺脫掉他。Hehopestogetridofhisbadhabits.他希望除掉他的壞習(xí)慣。3)用于“動詞＋某人＋of＋某物”的常見短語還有：①robsbofsth搶劫某人某物②remindsbofsth提醒某人某事③informsbofsth通知某人某事④convincesbofsth使某人信服某事⑤asksbofsth問及某人某事⑥expectsbofsth期望某人某事(物)⑦requiresbofsth要求某人某事(物)單項填空1)______yourtimelyhelp，otherwise，wewouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.A．Because B．For C．Thanksto D．Thanksof2)Wehopethatwecan______theworld______wars，killingsandeverythingelsethatisbad.A．getridof；by B．beridof；byC．rid；of D．getrid；of3)Youshould______thesebadhabits.A．getyourselfridof B．ridyourselfofC．getridofyourselfwith D．ridofyourselfwith翻譯句子4)她最終不再牙疼了。________________________________________________________________________答案：1)C2)C3)B4)Finallyshewas/gotridofthetoothache.5．Usinghishybridrice，farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。剖析：1)本句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語usinghishybridrice作方式狀語。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞除了作方式狀語外，也可以作時間狀語、原因狀語或結(jié)果狀語。2)as...as前可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞來修飾，如half，aquarter，twice，threetimes等，意為“是……多少倍”。倍數(shù)的表達可用下面五個句型：①倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as②倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than③倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，width，height，amount等)＋of④倍數(shù)＋what＋clause⑤by＋倍數(shù)Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.這棵樹的高度是那棵樹的三倍。TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.長江差不多是珠江的三倍長。Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新擴建的廣場的面積是未擴建時的四倍。Theproductionofourfactoryisfivetimeswhatitwasfiveyearsago.我們工廠的產(chǎn)量是五年前的五倍。Comparedwiththatoflastyear，ourcoaloutputhasincreasedbyfourtimes.與去年相比，我們的煤的產(chǎn)量增加了四倍。歸納：time表示倍數(shù)，一般只限于表示基數(shù)詞在內(nèi)的三倍或三倍以上；若表示兩倍，可用副詞twice或形容詞double。time表示的倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或某些表程度的副詞替換。單項填空1)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe______thepresentone.A．a(chǎn)sthreetimesbigas B．threetimesasbigasC．a(chǎn)sbigasthreetimes D．a(chǎn)sbigthreetimesas2)Ourcityhasdevelopedintoabigcity，whichis______itusedtobe.A．fourtimeslargerthanthat B．fourtimesthesizeofwhatC．fourtimesthesizelargerthanwhat D．a(chǎn)sfourtimesthesizeasthat3)Lily'sbaglookedjustthesameasMary's，butitcost______hers.A．a(chǎn)smuchtwiceas B．twiceasmuchasC．muchastwiceas D．a(chǎn)stwicemuchas單句改錯4)Notknownwhattodo，weturnedtohimforhelp.________________________________________________________________________5)Hisroomisthreetimessizeofours.________________________________________________________________________答案：1)B2)B3)B4)known→knowing5)在times和size之間加the6．YuanLongpingisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.袁隆平很滿意他的生活。考點besatisfiedwith對……感到滿意Oneshouldn'tbesatisfiedwithonlyalittlesuccess.一個人不應(yīng)該只因一點小成就而感到滿足?？键c延伸1)同義詞：becontentwith，bepleasedwith，begladwith2)besatisfiedtodosth對做……感到滿意。如：Hewassatisfiedtowintherace.他對贏得賽跑感到滿意。3)satisfying和satisfied的區(qū)別：satisfying令人滿意的，使人滿足的。如：asatisfyinganswer令人滿意的回答satisfied感到滿意的，滿足的。如：asatisfiedsmile滿意的微笑4)同根詞及其常用短語：①satisfyvt.使?jié)M足satisfyone'sneeds滿足某人的需要②satisfactionn．滿足；令人滿意的事toone'ssatisfaction＝tothesatisfactionofsb使某人滿意的是withsatisfaction滿意地單項填空1)Thegovernmenttrieditsbestto______thepeople'sneeds，butthepeoplewerestillnot______.Infact，whatthegovernmentdidwasnot______.A．satisfy；satisfying；satisfiedB．satisfy；satisfied；satisfyingC．satisfied；satisfied；satisfyingD．satisfying；satisfied；satisfied2)Shewas______theresult.Weknewitfromher______look.A．satisfyingwith；satisfiedB．satisfiedwith；satisfiedC．satisfiedwith；satisfyingD．satisfyingwith；satisfying3)Thosegirlsgaveawonderfulandimpressingconcert.Theirparentswatchedandnoddedtheirheads______satisfaction.A．inB．with C．for D．of選擇正確的詞填空(satisfying，satisfied)4)Helookedathischildrenwitha______smile.5)Heofferedusa______answer.答案：1)B2)B3)B4)satisfied5)satisfying7．Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他寧愿把時間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上?？键cwouldrather寧愿；寧可Ifyouwouldratherbealone，we'llallleavehere.如果你寧愿獨自一人，那我們都離開這兒。歸納：wouldrather后接動詞原形?？键c延伸wouldratherdosth的否定形式為wouldrathernotdosth。wouldrather沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，它通常用于以下兩種句型：1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(wouldratherdo...thando...,woulddo...ratherthando...))寧愿做……不愿做……IwouldratherstayathomethangooutonSunday.星期天我寧愿待在家里也不愿外出。Thechildrenwouldwalkratherthantakeabus.孩子們寧愿步行也不愿乘公共汽車。2)wouldrather(that)sbdidsth/haddonesth寧愿某人……(從句的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣)Iwouldratheryoucamewithus.我寧愿你跟我們一起。(表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，謂語動詞用一般過去時)I'dratheryouhadn'tdonethat.我寧愿你沒做那件事。(表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時)歸納：wouldrather后接句子用虛擬語氣時，其后的從句應(yīng)用一般過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼?，用過去完成時來表示過去的動作。單項填空1)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry，butI'dratherhe______moreonitsculture.A．focusB．focusedC．wouldfocus D．hadfocused2)YuanLongpingisquitesatisfiedwithhislifeandhe______keeptimeforhishobbies______spendmoneyonhimselforleadacomfortablelife.A．hadrather；than B．wouldrather；thanC．couldrather；than D．preferto；ratherthan3)Don'tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou______tomorrow.A．come B．came C．willcome D．coming單句改錯4)IwouldratherIhaven'tgonetothetheatreyesterday.________________________________________________________________________答案：1)B2)B3)B4)haven't→hadn't8．Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.在自己身上花錢享受或者過舒適的生活對他來說一點也不重要。剖析：動名詞短語spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelife在句中作主語?？键c延伸1)動詞-ing形式作主語時，常常為了保持句子的平衡，用it來作形式主語。如：Itisnouseaskinghimforhelp.向他求助是沒有用的。2)主語用了動詞-ing形式，表語和賓語也要用動名詞，這在英語中稱為對稱性。如：Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。3)動詞-ing形式和不定式作主語時的不同：①不定式作主語常表示具體的某一動作；而動詞-ing形式作主語則表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念。如：Joggingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.對于青年人和老年人來說，慢跑是一種好的鍛煉方式。②在“There/It＋be＋nouse(good/help/need...)”結(jié)構(gòu)之后常用動詞-ing形式作主語，而較少用不定式。如：It/Thereisnousetalkingwithhim.和他談話是沒有用的。但如果該句型中出現(xiàn)了for引出的不定式邏輯主語，就只能用不定式。如：Thereisnohelpforyoutotakethemedicine.你吃這種藥是不起作用的。③不定式可以和when，where，how，what，whether等連用，而動詞-ing形式則不能。如：Howtosolvetheproblemisahotpotato.如何解決這個問題真讓人頭疼。單項填空1)Lucy，whynotbringalongsomeskincarecreamforthetrip？Tomyknowledge，______tosunlightinHainanwillsurelyburnyourskin.A．beingexposed B．exposedC．tobeexposed D．toexpose2)It'snouse______withhim.A．a(chǎn)rgue B．toarguing C．a(chǎn)rguing D．a(chǎn)rgued答案：1)A2)C9．Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.于是，他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究?？键c一thereforeadv.因此；所以；因而I'veneverbeentoItalyandthereforeIdon'tknowmuchaboutit.我從未去過意大利，因此我對它并不太了解。Hehadgone；shethereforegavethemoneytome.他已經(jīng)走了，因而她把錢給了我?？键c延伸同義詞：so，thus考點二equipvt.&vi.配備；裝備Schoolsinthenorthtendtobewellequipped，whilethoseinthesoutharerelativelypoor.北方的學(xué)校常常配備良好，然而南方的學(xué)校相對來說配備差一些。Pleaseequipyourselfwithasharppencilandarubberfortheexam.請準(zhǔn)備一支削好的鉛筆和一塊橡皮參加考試。Theyequippedthemselvesfortheexpedition.他們?yōu)檫h征而武裝自己。歸納：1)equip的過去式和過去分詞需要雙寫最后一個字母p再加-ed。2)equip與介詞with連用，意思是“用……配備/裝備”；與介詞for連用，表示“為……而武裝/裝備”。考點延伸派生詞：equipmentn．裝備，設(shè)備Theyaregoingtobuysomemodernequipment.他們打算購買一些現(xiàn)代設(shè)備。歸納：equipment是不可數(shù)名詞。