1.Words&Expressionsaccess 通道；機會；vt.到達，進入susceptible 易受影響的；易受感染的coaming 艙口欄板，邊材；圍板deterioration 惡化;變壞exceptionally 例外地，異常地freight 貨運,貨物；運費kerosene 煤油，火油overcarriage 逾運statutory 法定的，法令的；stowagefactor 積載因數(shù)vulnerable 易受攻擊的;易受傷的odorouscargo 氣味貨hygroscopiccargo吸濕性貨物lightweight 空船重量displacement 排水量loadeddisplacement裝載排水量DeadweightTonnage載重噸GrossTonnage 總噸NetTonnage 凈噸PanamaCanal 巴拿馬運河SuezCanal 蘇伊士運河2.TypesofMarineCargoThevariouscargoesandmerchandisemaybebroadlydividedintothefollowingtypes:1.Generalcargo,whichisatermthatcoversagreatvarietyofgoodsthatmustbeloadedindividually,andnotinintermodalcontainersnorinbulkaswithoilorgrain.2.Bulkcargo,whichincludessolidbulkcargoandliquidbulkcargo.3.Containerizedunits4.Refrigerated/chilled5.Roll-on,Roll-off(Ro-Ro)cargoes.Wetcargo-Referstoitemsthatareliquidbutincontainers.-concerningtheleakage,thestowageshouldbesuchthatincaseofanyleakagetheliquidwillfinditswaytothedrainagesystemwithoutdamaginganyothercargo.-examples:cannedmilk,beer,fruitjuices,paints,lubricatingoilandsoonDrycargo

referstothegeneralclassofitemsthatcannotpossiblyleakandfurthermorecanbedamagedbyleakagefromthewetcargo.

Dirtycargo-arethosecommoditiesthatareexceptionallydustyandalwaystendtoleavearesiduebehindthem-examples:cement,ore,charcoal,graphiteCleancargo

leavenoresidue,arenotlikelytoleak,andgenerallywillnotcauseanydamagetoanyothercargo,butthemselvesarehighlyvulnerabletocontamination.Odorouscargoarethosecommoditiesthatgiveofffumesthatlikelytotaintcertainsusceptiblecargoesiftheyarestowedinthesameoreveninadjacentcompartments.examples:kerosene,turpentine(松脂),ammonia（氨水），cruderubber(生膠),lumberDelicatecargo

highlysusceptibletodamagebytaintingfromtheodoroustypesexamples:rice,flour,tea,cerealsFragilecargo

susceptibletobreakageexamples:glass,porcelain,marbleHygroscopiccargohavetheabilitytoabsorborreleasewatervaporexamples:allgrains,woodproducts,cotton,wool,sisal,paper,animalproducts,vegetableoriginproducts3.CarryingCapacityofShipsDisplacementTonnageAship’sDisplacementisthevolumeofwatertheshipdisplaceswhenitisfloating,andismeasuredincubicmetres(m3)DeadweightTonnage(DWT)DeadweightTonnageisthedifferencebetweentheloadeddisplacementtonnageoftheshipandthelightweightoftheship.RegisteredTonnageGrossTonnage(GT)Grosstonnageisameasureofthetotalinternalvolumeofaship.NetTonnage(NT)Nettonnageisameasureofthetotalinteriorvolumeofaship’scargospaces.SuezandPanamaCanalTonnageCargoTonnageCargoismeasuredeitherin"weight"or"measurement".4.CargoPlanAship’scargoplanshowsthedistributionaswellasthedispositionofallparcelsofcargoaboardthevessel.Theplanprovidesataglancethedistributionofthecargoandshowspossibleaccesstoitintheeventoffireorthecargoshifting.Itsmostcommonfunctionistolimitovercarriageandthepossibilityofshortdelivery