考研英語二2025年閱讀理解模擬試卷（含答案）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesignhavebeenprofoundlyimpacted.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyoffersunparalleledfreedomandflexibility,allowingindividualstochoosetheirownhours,projects,andclients.Thisautonomyisparticularlyappealingtothoseseekingalternativeworkarrangements,suchasstudents,parents,orindividualslookingtosupplementtheirincome.However,thegigeconomyisnotwithoutitscritics.Oneofthemostpersistentconcernsisthelackofjobsecurityandbenefitstraditionallyassociatedwithpermanentemployment.Gigworkersareoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichmeanstheytypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Thisprecariousnesscanleaveworkersvulnerable,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.Furthermore,theinstabilityofgigworkcanmakefinancialplanningdifficult,asincomecanfluctuatesignificantlyfromweektoweek.Thedebatesurroundingthegigeconomyalsoextendstoitsimpactonthebroaderlabormarket.Someeconomistssuggestthattheriseofgigworkmayhavecontributedtothestagnationofwagesincertainsectors,ascompaniescanoutsourcetasksatalowercostwithouttheoverheadassociatedwithfull-timestaff.Othersarguethatgigeconomyplatformscreatenewopportunitiesandpathwaysforindividualstoentertheworkforceorretrainfornewroles.Thelong-termeffectsofthisshiftarestillunfolding,anditremainsunclearwhetherthebenefitsoutweightherisksforworkersandtheeconomyasawhole.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarycharacteristicofthegigeconomy?2.Whatisthemainargumentoftheproponentsofthegigeconomy?3.Whatisasignificantconcernraisedbycriticsaboutthegigeconomy?4.Theword"precariousness"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)UnpredictabilityB)SecurityC)FlexibilityD)Compensation5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofthegigeconomy?6.Theauthor'stoneindiscussingthegigeconomycanbestbedescribedas:A)EntirelysupportiveB)EntirelycriticalC)ObjectiveandbalancedD)IndifferentPassageTwoInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinsustainablelivingpracticesamongthegeneralpublic.Thismovement,drivenbyconcernsaboutclimatechange,environmentaldegradation,andresourcedepletion,encouragesindividualstoadoptlifestylesthatminimizetheirecologicalfootprint.Keycomponentsofsustainablelivingoftenincludereducingconsumption,conservingenergy,minimizingwaste,andsupportinglocallyproducedgoods.Proponentsbelievethatthesechanges,whilesometimeschallenging,areessentialforcreatingahealthierplanetandensuringthewell-beingoffuturegenerations.Implementingsustainablelivingpracticescantakemanyforms.Atthehouseholdlevel,thismightinvolveswitchingtorenewableenergysources,suchassolarpanels,usingpublictransportationorcarpooling,andadoptingaplant-baseddiet.Reducingwaterusage,recyclingmaterials,andcompostingorganicwastearealsocommonpractices.Onabroaderscale,sustainablelivingencouragestheconsumptionofproductswithminimalpackaging,therepairandreuseofitemsinsteadofdiscardingthem,andthesupportofbusinessesthatoperateresponsiblyandsustainably.Despitetheclearbenefits,thetransitiontoamoresustainablewayoflifecanfacesignificantobstacles.Culturalnormsandestablishedhabitsoftencreateinertia,makingitdifficultforindividualstochangetheirroutines.Thecostofsustainablealternatives,suchasorganicfoodsorenergy-efficientappliances,canalsobeabarrierformanypeople.Furthermore,thecomplexityofglobalsupplychainsandtheprevalenceofsingle-useplasticsmakewidespreadchangechallenging,evenforthosewhoarecommittedtolivingsustainably.Nevertheless,thegrowingawarenessandavailabilityofsustainableoptionssuggestthatthismovementisgainingmomentumandmayleadtosignificantsocietalshiftsinthecomingyears.Questions:7.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?8.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofsustainablelivingpractices?9.Whatobstaclesdoesthepassagementioninadoptingsustainablelivingpractices?10.Theword"inertia"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)MotivationB)ResistanceC)InnovationD)Efficiency11.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthefutureofsustainableliving?12.Thepassageprimarilydiscussessustainablelivingfromtheperspectiveof:A)EconomicimpactB)EnvironmentalbenefitsC)IndividuallifestylechoicesD)TechnologicalsolutionsPassageThreeThefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)haswitnessedexplosivegrowthoverthepastdecade,movingfromtherealmofsciencefictiontoacentralplayerinnumerousaspectsofmodernlife.AItechnologies,rangingfromadvancedmachinelearningalgorithmstonaturallanguageprocessingandcomputervisionsystems,arenowintegratedintoeverythingfromsmartphonesandvirtualassistantstoautonomousvehiclesandsophisticateddataanalysistools.Thisrapidadvancementhasthepotentialtorevolutionizeindustries,enhanceproductivity,andsolvecomplexglobalchallenges.However,therapiddevelopmentanddeploymentofAIalsoraiseprofoundethicalandsocietalquestions.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernsisthepotentialforjobdisplacement.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapable,theymayautomatetaskspreviouslyperformedbyhumans,leadingtoworkforcetransitionsinvarioussectors.Whilenewjobswillundoubtedlyemerge,thereareconcernsaboutwhethertheskillsrequiredforthesenewroleswillbeaccessibletothosedisplaced,potentiallyleadingtoincreasedeconomicinequality.Anothermajorethicalconsiderationrevolvesarounddataprivacyandsecurity.AIsystemsoftenrequirevastamountsofdatatotrainandfunctioneffectively,raisingquestionsaboutthecollection,storage,anduseofpersonalinformation.Thereareconcernsthatindividuals'privacymightbecompromised,andthatsensitivedatacouldbemisusedorfallintothewronghands.EnsuringtransparencyandaccountabilityinAIsystems,anddevelopingrobustsafeguardstoprotectdata,arecriticalchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Thelong-termimplicationsofAIforhumanautonomyanddecision-makingarealsoasubjectofintensedebate.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theymayinfluenceorevenmakedecisionsonbehalfofhumansinareasrangingfromhealthcareandfinancetocriminaljustice.Thisraisesquestionsabouttheextenttowhichhumansshouldcededecision-makingpowertomachinesandthepotentialconsequencesofover-relianceonAIrecommendations.NavigatingthesecomplexethicallandscapeswillbecrucialasAIcontinuestoevolveandbecomemoredeeplyembeddedinsociety.Questions:13.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepotentialbenefitofAI?15.WhatisamajorconcernregardingtheimpactofAIonjobs?16.Theword"profound"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ShallowB)BriefC)DeepD)Superficial17.WhataspectofAIishighlightedasasignificantchallengerelatedtodata?18.ThepassagesuggeststhattheintegrationofAIintosocietyrequires:A)StrictregulationonlyB)ContinuedtechnologicaldevelopmentonlyC)EthicalconsiderationsandcarefulplanningD)GreaterpublicacceptanceonlyPassageFourInthedigitalage,thewayweconsumemediahasundergoneadramatictransformation.Theriseofstreamingservices,socialmediaplatforms,anddigitalnewsoutletshasfundamentallyalteredtraditionalmodelsofmediaconsumption,providingunprecedentedaccesstoinformationandentertainmentbutalsopresentingnewchallenges.Individualsnowhaveaccesstoavirtuallyinfinitearrayofcontent,tailoredtotheirspecificinterestsanddelivereddirectlytotheirdevices.Thispersonalizedaccesshasmademediaconsumptionmoreconvenientandengagingformany.However,thisshifthasalsoledtoconcernsaboutthecreationofechochambersandthepotentialforincreasedpolarization.Algorithmsdesignedtorecommendcontentoftenprioritizewhatusersarelikelytoengagewith,creatingafeedbackloopthatcanlimitexposuretodiverseperspectives.Whenpeopleprimarilyconsumemediathatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs,itcanreinforcebiases,makedialogueacrossdifferentviewpointsdifficult,andcontributetosocietalfragmentation.Thisphenomenonraisesquestionsaboutthehealthofpublicdiscourseandthefutureofsharedunderstandinginanincreasinglyconnectedyetpotentiallyisolatedworld.Furthermore,thesheervolumeofavailabledigitalcontentcanmakeitdifficulttodiscerncredibleinformationfrommisinformation.Theeasewithwhichfalseormisleadingnarrativescanbecreatedanddisseminatedonlineposesasignificantchallengetomedialiteracy.Individualsneedtodeveloptheskillstocriticallyevaluatesources,identifybiases,andunderstandthedifferencebetweenopinionandfact.Therapidspreadof"fakenews"andpropagandacanhaveseriousreal-worldconsequences,impactingelections,publichealth,andsocialcohesion.Despitethesechallenges,thedigitaltransformationofmediaconsumptionalsooffersopportunitiesforgreaterdemocratizationandparticipation.User-generatedcontenthasempoweredindividualstobecomecreatorsanddistributorsofinformation,offeringalternativevoicesandperspectivestothoseprovidedbytraditionalmediaoutlets.Socialmediaplatformshavefacilitatedtheorganizationofsocialmovementsandthemobilizationofpublicopinioninwayspreviouslyunimaginable.Thefutureofmedialiesinfindingwaystoharnessthesedigitaltoolstofosterinformedpublicdiscoursewhilemitigatingtherisksofpolarizationandmisinformation.Questions:19.Whathasbeentheprimaryeffectofdigitalmediaonconsumptionhabits?20.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialnegativeconsequenceofpersonalizedcontentalgorithms?21.Whatskilliscrucialfornavigatingthechallengesofdigitalinformationconsumption?22.Theword"disseminated"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)RestrictedB)SharedC)CreatedD)Ignored23.Whatopportunitydoesthepassageidentifyalongsidethechallengesofdigitalmedia?24.Theauthorimpliesthatthefutureofmediashouldaimto:A)EliminatealldigitalplatformsB)PrioritizetraditionalmediasourcesexclusivelyC)BalanceaccessibilitywithresponsibleuseD)Encourageunlimiteduser-generatedcontentwithoutregulation試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.D*解析思路：文章首段明確指出，“gigeconomy”是由數(shù)字平臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)的，這些平臺(tái)將服務(wù)提供者與客戶進(jìn)行靈活的、通常是短期的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行連接。因此，其核心特征是靈活性（flexibility）和短期性（short-termbasis）。2.A*解析思路：文章首段最后一句提到，“這種自主權(quán)（autonomy）尤其吸引那些尋求替代工作安排的人，如學(xué)生、父母或希望補(bǔ)充收入的人”。proponents（支持者）的核心論點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)這種自由和自主選擇的權(quán)利。3.B*解析思路：文章第二段主要討論了“gigeconomy”的批評(píng)意見，其中最突出的就是“缺乏傳統(tǒng)上與永久性雇傭相關(guān)的工作保障和福利（lackofjobsecurityandbenefits）”。這是批評(píng)者提出的最顯著擔(dān)憂。4.A*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“precariousness”指的是gigworkers狀態(tài)的不穩(wěn)定性。缺乏保障和收入波動(dòng)都暗示了這種不可預(yù)測(cè)性（unpredictability）或不確定性。選項(xiàng)A與此意思最接近。5.C*解析思路：文章最后一段指出，“這場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變的長期影響仍在展開（Thelong-termeffectsofthisshiftarestillunfolding）”，并且“對(duì)于工人和整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)來說，利弊尚不明確（itremainsunclearwhetherthebenefitsoutweightherisks）”。這表明未來還不確定，存在多種可能性。6.C*解析思路：作者在文中既提到了支持者的觀點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)（如自由、靈活性），也提到了批評(píng)者的觀點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)（如缺乏保障、不穩(wěn)定）。在討論經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象時(shí)呈現(xiàn)正反兩方面的觀點(diǎn)，體現(xiàn)了客觀和平衡的態(tài)度。PassageTwo7.B*解析思路：文章首段提出了“可持續(xù)生活方式（sustainableliving）”這一核心概念，并指出它是由對(duì)環(huán)境、資源等方面的擔(dān)憂驅(qū)動(dòng)的。隨后的段落詳細(xì)闡述了這種生活方式的實(shí)踐和挑戰(zhàn)。因此，主題是關(guān)于可持續(xù)生活方式的討論。8.A,B,C,D*解析思路：文章第二段明確列舉了可持續(xù)生活的例子，包括使用可再生能源（如太陽能）、公共交通/拼車、素食飲食、減少用水、回收材料、堆肥有機(jī)廢物。這些都是具體的實(shí)踐行為。9.A,C*解析思路：文章第三段指出了兩個(gè)主要障礙：一是“文化規(guī)范和既定習(xí)慣往往造成惰性（Culturalnormsandestablishedhabitsoftencreateinertia）”，二是“可持續(xù)替代品的成本（Thecostofsustainablealternatives）可能對(duì)許多人來說是一個(gè)障礙（canbeabarrier）”。此外，“普遍存在的單用途塑料（prevalenceofsingle-useplastics）”也構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A（動(dòng)機(jī)/阻力）和C（創(chuàng)新/效率）在此語境下不合適。10.B*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“inertia”指的是由于習(xí)慣或傳統(tǒng)而導(dǎo)致的難以改變狀態(tài)。它描述了人們不愿意或難以改變舊有生活方式以采納可持續(xù)實(shí)踐的情況，即阻力（resistance）。11.D*解析思路：文章最后一句提到，“越來越多的意識(shí)（growingawareness）和可持續(xù)選項(xiàng)的日益普及（availabilityofsustainableoptions）表明，這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)正在gainingmomentum（gainingmomentum）”。這暗示了可持續(xù)生活將成為一種更普遍、更主流的選擇。12.C*解析思路：全文主要討論的是個(gè)人層面可以采取的可持續(xù)生活“實(shí)踐”（如改變出行方式、飲食、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣等）以及相關(guān)的困難。雖然提到了環(huán)境效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)成本，但核心是圍繞個(gè)體的生活方式選擇展開的。PassageThree13.A*解析思路：文章首段確立了核心主題——人工智能（AI）領(lǐng)域的快速發(fā)展及其對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的廣泛影響。后續(xù)段落分別討論了其潛在益處、倫理和社會(huì)問題。因此，文章主要聚焦于人工智能的發(fā)展及其影響。14.A*解析思路：文章首段提到，AI的快速發(fā)展“有潛力徹底改變行業(yè)（revolutionizeindustries）并提高生產(chǎn)力（enhanceproductivity）”。這明確指出了提高生產(chǎn)效率（increaseproductivity）是一個(gè)潛在的好處。15.A*解析思路：文章第二段明確指出，一個(gè)主要的擔(dān)憂是“人工智能系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化任務(wù)，從而導(dǎo)致工作崗位被取代（AIsystemsautomatetasks...leadingtoworkforcetransitions）”。因此，對(duì)工作的主要潛在負(fù)面影響是失業(yè)或就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化。16.C*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“profound”用來修飾“ethicalandsocietalquestions”，表明這些問題是深刻、重要且復(fù)雜的，而不僅僅是表面的或膚淺的。選項(xiàng)C（深）最符合此意。17.B*解析思路：文章第三段的核心問題是數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全。提到AI系統(tǒng)需要大量數(shù)據(jù)（vastamountsofdata），這引發(fā)了對(duì)個(gè)人隱私可能被侵犯（compromiseindividuals'privacy）的擔(dān)憂。數(shù)據(jù)被“共享”（shared）是收集和使用數(shù)據(jù)的前提，也是引發(fā)隱私問題的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。18.C*解析思路：文章第四段結(jié)尾指出，隨著AI的發(fā)展，需要“在人類自主權(quán)和決策方面解決復(fù)雜的倫理問題（navigatingthesecomplexethicallandscapes）”，并“制定強(qiáng)大的保護(hù)措施（developrobustsafeguards）”。這表明，將AI融入社會(huì)既需要考慮倫理，也需要周密的計(jì)劃（ethicalconsiderationsandcarefulplanning）。19.A*解析思路：文章首段明確描述了數(shù)字媒體帶來的“根本性轉(zhuǎn)變（dramatictransformation）”，以及用戶獲得“前所未有的信息獲取和娛樂方式（unprecedentedaccesstoinformationandentertainment）”。這表明主要影響是改變了消費(fèi)習(xí)慣，使其更加便捷和個(gè)性化。20.B*解析思路：文章第二段討論了個(gè)性化推薦算法的潛在負(fù)面影響，即可能導(dǎo)致“回聲室效應(yīng)（echochambers）”，使用戶“主要消費(fèi)確認(rèn)他們既有信念的媒體（consumemediathatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs）”，從而“限制接觸不同觀點(diǎn)（limitexposuretodiverseperspectives）”。這與觀點(diǎn)的極化（polarization）直接相關(guān)，即分享相似觀點(diǎn)的人群聚集。21.C*解析思路：文章第三段明確指出，在數(shù)字信息泛濫的情況下，人們需要發(fā)展“批判性評(píng)估來源（criticallyevaluatesources）、識(shí)別偏見（identifybiases）和理解觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)區(qū)別（understandthedifferencebetweenopinionandfact）”的技能。這些都屬于批判性思維（criticalthinking）或信息素養(yǎng)（medialiteracy）的范疇。22.B*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“disseminated”指的是“虛假或誤導(dǎo)性敘述（falseormisleadingnarratives）”在“在線上（online）”是如何傳播的。其基本