作業(yè)16社會(huì)現(xiàn)象與社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類(lèi)議論文議論文閱讀解題技法A(2023·全國(guó)乙)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartof①humanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements，anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects，andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat，butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict，atBotanyBay，betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside，wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside，wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday，theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemof②miscomprehensionfrombothsides，therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted，especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino，theAustralianAboriginals，theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas，allofwhomappearinthisbook，canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontactbetweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese，allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted，onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwas③one-sided.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem.B．History.C．Voice.D．Society.4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD．HowArtWorksTellStories語(yǔ)境猜詞①humanity(派)＝human＋ity②miscomprehension(派)＝mis＋comprehen(d)＋sion③one-sided(合)＝one＋sidedB(2024·廣東韶關(guān)二模)Islifeastoryoragame?Answersmayvaryfromonetoanother.Overthecourseoflife，wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob，apartneroracommunity.Attimes，westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom，kindnessandgrace.WillStorr，awriterwhoseworkIadmire，saysthisstoryversionoflifeisamisunderstanding.InhisbookTheStatusGame，hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted，hewrites，it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.“Whenpeopleareobedienttous，offerrespect，admirationorpraise，that’sstatus.Itfeelsgood.”Lifeisaseriesofgames，headds.There’sthehighschoolgameofcompetingtobethepopularkid.Thelawyergametomakepartner.Thefinancegametomakethemostmoney.Theacademicgameforfame.Thesportsgametoshowthatourteamisthebest.Evenwhenwearetryingtodogood，Storrclaims，we’replayingthe“virtuegame”toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.IthinkStorrisindangerofbecomingoneofthoseguyswhoignorethenobledesiresofthehumanheartandthecaringelementineveryfriendshipandfamily.The①status-madworldthatStorrdescribesissoloveless.Infact，gamingasawayoflifeis②immature.Maturitymeansrisingabovetheshallowdesire—forstatus—thatdoesn’treallynourishus.It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork，whichisnotaboutpopularity，andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat，I’dhavetotellyouastory.5．WhatliesinthecoreofWillStorr’sopinionaboutlife?A．Theprideinone’svirtue. B．Thepursuitof③superiority.C．Thedesireforacceptance. D．Themotivationbywealth.6．Whatcanbeviewedashighermotivationsinthetext?A．Loveandsuperiority. B．Maturityanddesire.C．Commitmentandkindness. D．Friendshipandpopularity.7.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocorrectanattitude.B．Totellastory.C．Toexplaintwoarguments.D．Tocriticizeaviewpoint.8．Whatstorydoyouthinktheauthorwilltellnext?A．Aking’s-comebackstory.B．A④rags-to-richesstory.C．AYuanLongping-stylestory.D．Anovernight-successstory.語(yǔ)境猜詞①status-mad(合)＝status＋mad②immature(派)＝im＋mature③superiority(派)＝superior＋ity④rags-to-riches(合)＝rags＋to＋richesC(2024·河南鶴壁二模)Sayingfarewelltosomeoneyoulove，evenforanight，canbedifficult，①muchlesssayinggoodbyeforalifetimeorforeverindeath.JulietbidRomeoadieu(再見(jiàn))fortheeveningwiththewords，“Partingissuchsweetsorrow.”Sweetsorrowisanoxymoron.Butthisseemingcontradictionistrueinthecontextofrelationships.Relationshipsarebasedonfeelings，emotions，andpassion.Deepfriendshipsandlovingrelationshipsaremeasuredbythelevelofemotional②attachment.Emotions③intensifyovertime.Peoplespendtimewiththepeopletheylike.Themoreonepersonlikesanotherperson，theclosertherelationshipbecomes.Eachpersonintherelationshipreceivesanemotionalbenefitfromknowingtheotherperson.Sayinggoodbyemeansseparatingfromthepeoplewhomakeupasignificantpartofyouremotionalidentity.Separation，evenatemporaryabsence，fromthepeopleyouhaveadeepemotionalconnectionwithcancausesorrowbecauseyouwillnolongerbeabletoenjoytheircompany.Thesweetsideofsayinggoodbyeistheemotionalfulfillmentofbeinginacloserelationship.Thetimespenttogetherisemotionallyrewarding，especiallyifthatpersonisseenasa④soulmate.Humansaresocialbeings.Weseektheloveandcomfortofotherpeople.Lonelinessdevastatesthehumanconditionandleadstosadness.Sadpeoplewilldoanythingtheycantofindfulfillingrelationships.⑤Likewise，happypeoplewilldoanythingtheycantomaintainorenhancerelationships.Hereinliestheessentialpointoftheemotionalproblem.Themoreintenserelationshipsbecome，themoredevastatingtheemotionallossthatisfeltuponseparation.Theexhilarationofrelationshipscannotbetrulymeasuredwithoutexperiencingtheoverwhelminglossofadeepemotionalconnection.Enjoythecompanyofthepersonyouarewithaslongasyoucan;knowingthepainyouwillfeelattheendoftherelationshipisthetruemeasureoftherelationship.Ifitdoesn’thurttosaygoodbye，perhapsitwasn’tworthsayinghello.9．Whichofthefollowingcancreatethesameeffectas“sweetsorrow”？A．Icycold.B．Clickingsound.C．⑥D(zhuǎn)eafeningsilence.D．Endlessspeech.10．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．Sayinggoodbyeisunavoidableinourdailylife.B．Thecompanionofclosefriendscanlessensorrow.C．Aperson’sidentityisconnectedwithrelationship.D．Separationisthesorrowfulpartofsayinggoodbye.11．Howcanapersongetemotionalsatisfactioninsociallifeaccordingtothepassage?A．Bymakingmorecommentsonothers’work.B．Bybuildingdeepemotionalconnectionswithothers.C．Bycomfortingfriendswithloveandintensefeelings.D．Bybeingathoughtfulpersonbystandinginothers’shoes.12．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Sweetsorrowisverycommonincloserelationships.B．Thepainofseparationisthemeasureofrelationships.C．Humanbeingsareeagertogetemotionalfulfillment.D．Happinessismeaninglesswithoutsadnesstocompareit.語(yǔ)境猜詞①muchless②attachment(派)＝attach＋ment③intensify(派)＝intens(e)＋ify④soulmate(合)＝soul＋mate⑤likewise(合)＝like＋wise⑥deafening(派)＝deaf＋en＋ing語(yǔ)境猜詞答案A．①人類(lèi)(總稱)②誤解③片面的，單方面的B．①為地位而瘋狂的②不成熟的③優(yōu)越感④貧窮到富裕的C．①更不用說(shuō)②喜歡，依戀③增強(qiáng)，加?、莒`魂伴侶⑤同樣地，類(lèi)似地⑥震耳欲聾的

答案精析語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史的局限性并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性。1．A[段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，不能僅通過(guò)文本講述世界歷史，因?yàn)槲锲芬灿涗浟巳藗冴P(guān)心的事情，即第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。]2．D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段首句可推斷，作者認(rèn)為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside，wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside，wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.”可知，作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明船長(zhǎng)的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問(wèn)題。故選D。]3．B[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“...therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted，especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite...canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade...avoice.”可知，物品同樣能講述歷史，文字描述只能說(shuō)明一半的歷史。故畫(huà)線詞所在句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.”強(qiáng)調(diào)解讀物品來(lái)了解歷史的另一半。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。]4．C[文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段、第二段最后一句以及最后一段第二、三句和最后一句可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好地了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。]語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇議論文。生活是一個(gè)故事還是一場(chǎng)游戲？作家WillStorr認(rèn)為生活就是一系列的游戲，人類(lèi)深受地位的驅(qū)使，作者指出這種生活態(tài)度是不成熟的，成熟意味著追求更高的愿望。5．B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中關(guān)鍵句“Inhisbook...it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.”以及第三段中“There’sthehighschoolgameofcompeting...toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.”可知，WillStorr對(duì)于生活的觀點(diǎn)的核心在于要比別人更好，B項(xiàng)“追求優(yōu)越感”符合題意，故選B。]6．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“It’sabout...ofgenerosity.(它是關(guān)于培養(yǎng)更高的愿望：對(duì)真理和學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛(ài)；工匠從他的作品中獲得內(nèi)心的愉悅，這與受歡迎與否無(wú)關(guān)，以及對(duì)美好而有意義的生活的渴望，激勵(lì)著人們踐行慷慨的日常行為)”可知，C項(xiàng)“全心投入和善良”可以被視為更高的動(dòng)機(jī)，故選C。]7．A[寫(xiě)作意圖題。本文