2019年高考英語閱讀理解一輪練（8）

李仕才

A

ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmore

moneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.Althoughrathershocking,itshouldnotsurprise

anyonewhohasseenthedoggyparIours（客廳）where1ovedpetsrest.AreAmericans

uniqueintreatingtheirlittlefriendsinthisway?No,theEnglish,too,paymore

attentiontotheirpets.

Thiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoods,whichoftencontainmorevitamins

thanhumanfood.Theycertainlycostmuch.LastyeartheBritishpublicspenttwo

hundredmillionpoundsonpetfoodalone,tosaynothingofveterinarybillsoranimal

furniture.Itisdifficultnottofeelangryaboutthiswhenconsideringwhatthesame

amountcoulddoforvictimsofstarvationandpoverty,soit'snotunusualforme

togethotundercollarwhenIreadanoldmanleftallhismoneytohisdogir.stead

ofhischildren.

ThereareavarietyofreasonswhyIfindpetsraisingalarming.Theycausephysical

problems.Anexampleof:hisisNewYorkwheretheyhavegreatdifficultygettingrid

ofthemessthatdogsleaveonthestreets.Manypeoplefindthisfunny,butinar.umber

oflargecitiesitisamajorprob1em.Anima1scancausedisease,too.Itisthethreat

ofbabies一adiseasewithnoknowncure.

Anotherproblemisthecarelessnessofpetowners.Mostlittlechildrenwanta

dogoracat,andtheycontinuallypushtheirmothersandfathersuntiltheygetone.

Itisonlywhenthe"sweetlittlething"hasbeenbroughthomethattheparents

realizehowmuchtimeandmoneymustbespenton"Rover"or"Bonzo".Thenthey

justabandonit.Asaresult,theyareallowedtorunfree.Englishfarmerslose

hundredsofsheepayear,killedbysomeone*spetandyoumusthavereadofchiIdren

beinghurtbysomepetsoftheirown.

Lastly,Iwouldonlysuggestthatwehavegotourprioritieswrongandthat

somethingshouldbedoneaboutit.Inmyview,it'stimewestoppedbeingsentimental

aboutpets.Icanseencreasonwhyweshouldgetupsetwhenanimalsarecutupfor

medicalexperiments.Thiswi11leadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases,

thenIsay,"keepcutting!"

1.Thedoggyparloursarementionedinthe1stparagraphtoshow

A.whatcostlylivesthepetsareliving

B.whereAmericanskeeptheirpets

C.whychildrenlovetheirpetssomuch

D.howmuchpetsdependontheirmasters

2.Inthesecondparagraph"togethotunderthecollar"probab1ymeans.

A.gettingquitehot

B.beingexcited

C.feelingextremelyangry

D.receivingafashionableshirt

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichfieldcananimalsbemostuseful?

A.Food.B.Sports.

C.Entertainment.D.Medicine.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspetsraising?

A.Sympathetic.B.Opposed.

C.Pitiful.D.Supportive.

【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。作者通過介紹飼養(yǎng)寵物存在的種種問題（譬如飼養(yǎng)成本昂

貴、寵物致人受傷、傳染疾病等），表達(dá)了自己反對(duì)飼養(yǎng)寵物，而是應(yīng)當(dāng)將寵物用于貢獻(xiàn)人類

醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀點(diǎn)。

1.A【解析】推理判斷題。"thedoggyparlours"所在的句子就是為了進(jìn)一步闡釋第一句"

ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmore

moneyonillspelsIlianunitschildren.",即如今人們在飼養(yǎng)寵物上花銷巨大的

現(xiàn)狀。故答案為A。

3.D【解析】推理判斷題。從本文的最后兩句"Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldget

upset...Thiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases...”

可知作者認(rèn)為寵物在人類醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域可以起著有益的作用.因此答案為Do

4.B【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章前面介紹了成本昂貴、傳染疾病等飼養(yǎng)寵物的危害，后面又

提到應(yīng)把寵物用于貢獻(xiàn)人類醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中去，故而可以看出作者對(duì)于飼養(yǎng)寵物的做法持反

對(duì)態(tài)度。因此答案為B。

B

（2015?四川宜賓二診）

Washington：NASAhasannouncedevidencethatJupiter'slargestmoon,Ganymede,

hasasaltwateroceanunderitsicysurface.Theoceanseemstohavemorewaterthan

al1thewateronEarth,ssurface,accordingtonewHubbleobservations.

NewHubbleobservationsofGanymede*smagneticfieldstronglysuggestthatthe

moon,whichisthelargestinourwholesolarsystem,ishometoasubsurfaceocean.

Scientistsestimatethattheoceanis95kilometresthick,whichisabout10times

deeperthanEarth*soceans.Butunlikeoursaltywaters,GanymedeJsoceanisburied

under150kilometresofice.

Whilescientistshavespeculated（推測）sincethe1970saboutthepresenceofan

oceanonGanymede-thelargestmooninoursolarsystem-unti1nowtheonly

observationalevidencecamefromabriefflybybytheGalileospacecraft,whichdidnft

observethemoonlongenoughtoconfirmaliquidocean.

Thisdiscoverymarksanimportantniilestone?highlightingwhatonlyHubblecan

acplish.Inits25yearsinorbit,Hubblehasmademanyscientificdiscoveriesmour

ownsolarsystem.AdeepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurther

excitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.

ScientistshavealreadyconfirmedtheexistenceofanoceanonEuropa,another

moonorbitingjupiter,andNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissionthere

searchingforthelifethatmightewithliquidwater.

HubbleisatelescopethatorbitsEarth,butbecauseofitsimpressive

gravitationalanalysesitcanbeusedtostudytheinsideoffardistantplanets.Using

thesesameprinciples,scientistscouldtheoreticallydetectoceansondistant

exoplanetsaswell.

【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。NASA證實(shí)木星的最大衛(wèi)星Ganymcdo上有海洋，這

一發(fā)現(xiàn)再次拓寬了科學(xué)家的視野，使探尋太陽系內(nèi)地球以外的生命的努力更進(jìn)一步。

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutGanymedefromthepassage?

A.Itisaplanetwiththelargestmooninourwholesolarsystem.

B.Itsoceanaddstopeople*sexcitementaboutlifebeyondEarth.

C.ItwillbeusedbyNASAasabasefortheHubbletelescope.

D.Its1iquidoceanwasfirstprovedbytheGalileospacecraft.

解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句"Adeepoceanundertheicysurface

ofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibi1itiesfor1ifebeyondEarth.“可知，

木星衛(wèi)星.上海洋的存在激發(fā)了人們探索地球以外的生命的熱情。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter,sattitudetowardsHubble?

A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.

C.Negative.D.Favourable.

解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Thisdiscoverymarksanimportant

milestone,highlightingwhatonlyHubblecanacplish.M可知,這次里程碑式的發(fā)現(xiàn)只

有哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡能夠完成，由此可推知，作者對(duì)哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡持支持態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph6mean?

A.AnundergroundoceanhasbeenfoundinEuropa.

15.ThepresenceofanundergroundoceaninEuropaisnotpossible.

C.ItisnowcertainthatthereisanoceanonEuropa.

D.NoevidencehasshowntheexistenceofanoceanonEuropa.

解析:選C。句意理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的"andNASAhasannouncedplanstosendan

unmannedmissiontheresearchingforthelifethatmightewithliquidwater**可知，

因?yàn)镋uropa上有水存在，KA5A才宣布要在Europa上搜尋地外生命；由此可推知，畫線句意

為:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)證實(shí)Europa上存在海洋。故選C項(xiàng)。

4.Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?

A.Atermessay.

B.Anewsreport.

C.Anexperimentreport.

I）.Anexplorationreview.

解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段uWashington：NASAhasannouncedevidence...

及文章內(nèi)容可推知，本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B項(xiàng)。

C

London,snewestskyscraper（摩天大樓）iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430million

poundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetai1estbuildingin

Europe.TheShardhaspletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However,noteveryone

thinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.

TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItaiianarchitectRenzoPiano.Whenhebegan

designingtheShardforLondon,Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlike

aspire（尖頂）.Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesides

ofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikea

verythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：

theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondon

tradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetall

masts（桅桿）oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.

TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop?thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuilding

isempty,buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopquality

restaurants,apartmentsandoffices.

Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplans

wereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.Somecriticssaythatsuch

atallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,butnotinLondon.Theysay

thatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.There

isnodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.Theyalso

thinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.

Othercriticsdon't1ikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShard

showshowLondonisbeingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuythe

expensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.Butthepeoplewholivenearthe

ShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisionin

societybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.

TheShardnowdominatestheLondonsky1ine.Itisnotcertain,however,thatorcinary

Londoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.

1.London*snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof.

A.itscostB.itssize

C.itsshapeD.itsheight

2.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto_________.

A.changeLondon'sskyline

B.inheritLondon'stradition

C.imitatetheEgyptianstyle

D.attractpotentialvisitors

3.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard.

A.isonlypreferredbytherich

B.isintendedforwealthypeople

C.isfarawayfromthepoorarea

D.ispopularonlywithLondoners

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheShard：CheersandClaps

B.TheShard：WorkofaGreatArchitect

C.TheShard：NewSymbolofLondon?

D.TheShard：AChangefortheBetter?

答案：

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了英國倫敦的地標(biāo)性建筑一一約310米高的歐洲第一

高樓一一“碎片大廈”。有人說這棟摩天大樓使倫敦看起來更漂亮，但更有批評(píng)意見一直伴隨

著大樓的誕生。

1.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的wItlookslikeaverythin,sheirppieceofbroken

glass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.”可知,這棟樓的名字的

由來是其外形像一塊很薄、很鋒利的碎玻璃片，因此選C項(xiàng)“它的形狀”，而非它的“花費(fèi)、

尺寸或高度”。

2.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段中的PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheSherdis

partofagreatLondontradition.（Piano說“碎片大廈”的尖頂外形是倫敦偉大傳統(tǒng)的一

部分。）解釋了設(shè)計(jì)師的想法，與B項(xiàng)“繼承倫敦的傳統(tǒng)”相吻合。A項(xiàng)”改變倫敦的天際線”

是結(jié)果而不是設(shè)計(jì)初衷，C項(xiàng)”模仿埃及風(fēng)格”及D項(xiàng)“吸引潛在的游客”文中均未涉及。

3.B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的"Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuythe

expensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.”可知，談到社會(huì)分化的批評(píng)家認(rèn)

為"碎片大廈"是“專為有錢人設(shè)計(jì)的（isintendedforwealthypeople片。

4.D解析：主旨大意題。全文介紹了歐洲第一高樓一一英國倫敦的“碎片大廈”。由第一段

的最后一句aHowever,noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.v可知，

對(duì)于這個(gè)改變，毀譽(yù)參半，故I）項(xiàng)“碎片大廈：更好的改變？”作為標(biāo)題最為合適。A項(xiàng)“碎

片大原：歡呼與掌聲”只美注了支持者，不夠全面。

I）

（2016?遼寧鐵嶺六校聯(lián)考）

Atanoutdoorrestaurant,acockroach（蟒螂）flewinandlandedonawoman.She

startedscreamingoutoffear；withapanicstrickenfaceandtremblingvoice,she

startedjumping,withbolhherhandsdesperatelytryingtogetridofthecockroach.Her

reactionwasspreading,aseveryoneinhergroupalsogotintoapanic.Thewomanfinally

managedtoflickthecockroachawaybutitlandedoramaninthegroupwhocontinued

thedrama.Intherelayofthrowing,thecockroachnextfelluponawaitresswhohad

rushedtotheirrescue.

Thewaitressstoodfirm,calmedherselfandobservedthebehaviorofthecockroach

onherblouse.Whenshewasconfidentenough,shegrabbeditandthrewitoutofthe

restaurant.

Sippingmycoffeeancwatchingtheamusement,Istartedwondering：Wasthecockroach

responsiblefortheirfunnybehavior?Ifso,thenwhywasthewaitressnotdisturbed?

Shehandledthesituationtonearperfection,withoutpanic.

Itwasnotthecockroach,buttheinabilityofthecustomerstohandlethe

disturbancecausedbythecockroachthatdisturbedthem.Irealizedthatit*snotthe

shoutingofmychildrenormybossormywifethatdisturbsme,butmyinabilityto

handlethedisturbancescausedbytheirshouting.

Ittsnotthetrafficjamsontheroadthatdisturbme,butmyinabi1itytohandle

thedisturbancecausedbythetrafficjam.Morethantheproblem,it'smyreaction

totheproblemthatcreateschaosinmylife.

Iunderstood.Ishouldnotreactinlife.Ishouldalwaysrespond.Thecustomers

reacted,whereasthewaitressresponded.Reactionsarealwaysinstinctive（本能的）while

responsestendtobewellthoughtout.

【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一只蜂螂出現(xiàn)在飯店里引起了消費(fèi)者的恐慌，服

務(wù)員冷靜地捉住蟬螂，將其扔了出去。作者通過這個(gè)故事旨在告訴人們：遇到問題時(shí)要積極地

應(yīng)對(duì)。

1.Whathappenedintheoutdoorrestaurant?

A.Acockroachwasfoundinawoman,sfoodandthenamanfoundthesameproblem.

B.Acockroachappearingintherestaurantcausedastateofpanicamongthe

customers.

C.Acockroachrushedthewaitressintoapologizingtothecustomers.

D.Awomanandamanweretryingtorescuethewaitressfromthecockroach.

解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Atanoutdoorrestaurant,acockroach（

螂）flewinandlandedonawoman.Shestartedscreamingoutoffear...aseveryonein

hergroupalsogotintoapanic.”可知，出現(xiàn)在飯店里的蟀螂在一些消費(fèi)者中引起了恐慌。

故答案選B。

2.Accordingtothepassage,ifyouranintoatrafficjam,youmight

inyourcar.

A.plainyourdelay

B.feelupsetandannoyed

C.relaxyourselfbylisteningtomusic

D.expectsomeonetocleartheroad

解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Reactionsarealwaysinstinctive（本

能的）whileresponsestendtobewel1thoughtout.可知，反應(yīng)總是本能而對(duì)策往往是

經(jīng)過深思熟慮的。因此遇到交通堵塞時(shí)，在車?yán)锫犚魳肥且环N對(duì)策。故答案選C。

3.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?

A.Confusion.B.Success.

C.Poverty.D.Hcirmony.

解析：選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"It'snotthetrafficjamsontheroad

thatdisturbme?butmyinabi1itytohandlethedisturbancecausedbythetrafficjam.”

可推知，chaos與"disturbance"意思相近,意為“混亂”。故答案選A。

4.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?

A.Speakless,domore!

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords!

C.Mindyourmannerswhileinarestaurant!

D.Don*treactjustfromyourfeelings；respondpositively!

解析：選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ishouldnotreactinlife.Ishouldalways

respond.”可知，作者寫這篇文章是想告誡讀者遇到困難時(shí)要積極冷靜應(yīng)對(duì)，而不是只做些

本能的反應(yīng)。故答案選D。

E

Manyparentsdisplaytheirchildren'sartworksontherefrigerator,butKieron

Williamson'spaintingshavebeenondisplayinprofessionalgalleriessincehewas

6yearsold.

Kieron'sartwork,though,extendsfarbeyondchiIdlikestickfiguresorfinger

painting.Infact,thechildfromNorfolk,England,hasbeencalled“theboywhopaints

likeanoldmaster.”

Accordingtohisparents,Kieronwasatypicaltoddlerwholikesfindingbugsand

playinginthemud.Butona2008familyvacationtothebeach,the5yearoldwasinspired

bytheboatsandsceneryandaskedhisparentsforasketchpad.Hisinitialdrawings

couldhavebeendonebyanyyoungchild,butafterthefamilyreturnedhome,Kieron

continueddrawingandbegantodisplayagiftforart.

Whenhestartedaskingabouttheprocessofputtingapaintingtogether,hisparents

realisedheneededprofessionalinstruction.Soonafter,hebegantakinglessors,and

hisprogressamazedeveryoneastheyoungboyproducedimpressivelandscapesan