2025考研英語真題沖刺（2017-20251）逐題精講考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、閱讀理解近年來，隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，人工智能（AI）已經(jīng)逐漸滲透到我們生活的方方面面。從智能手機(jī)上的語音助手到自動(dòng)駕駛汽車，AI的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，極大地提高了效率和便利性。然而，這種快速發(fā)展也引發(fā)了一系列倫理和社會(huì)問題，值得我們深入探討。首先，就業(yè)市場(chǎng)受到?jīng)_擊。許多傳統(tǒng)崗位被自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)取代，導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，尤其是在制造業(yè)和客服行業(yè)。雖然AI創(chuàng)造了新的工作崗位，如AI系統(tǒng)維護(hù)和數(shù)據(jù)分析，但其數(shù)量和技能要求往往難以彌補(bǔ)被取代崗位的損失。這加劇了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)問題，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和社會(huì)和諧構(gòu)成潛在威脅。其次，隱私和數(shù)據(jù)安全問題日益突出。AI系統(tǒng)需要大量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練和運(yùn)行，這些數(shù)據(jù)往往包含個(gè)人隱私信息。然而，數(shù)據(jù)收集和使用的過程缺乏透明度，個(gè)人隱私容易被濫用。此外，AI系統(tǒng)本身可能存在安全漏洞，容易受到黑客攻擊，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)泄露，對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。再次，算法偏見和歧視問題不容忽視。AI系統(tǒng)的決策基于算法和數(shù)據(jù)分析，但算法本身可能存在偏見，導(dǎo)致歧視性結(jié)果。例如，某些AI招聘系統(tǒng)在篩選簡(jiǎn)歷時(shí)，可能因?yàn)橛?xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)中存在性別或種族偏見，而歧視特定群體的求職者。這不僅違反了公平原則，也加劇了社會(huì)不平等。最后，AI的過度依賴可能導(dǎo)致人類能力的退化。隨著AI在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們?cè)絹碓揭蕾囘@些系統(tǒng)來完成任務(wù)，自身的判斷力和解決問題的能力逐漸下降。長(zhǎng)期以往，人類可能會(huì)失去獨(dú)立思考和自主決策的能力，對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要采取積極措施，制定合理的政策和法規(guī)，規(guī)范AI的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)公眾教育，提高人們對(duì)AI的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解，促進(jìn)社會(huì)各界共同參與AI治理，確保AI技術(shù)能夠造福人類，而不是帶來危害。Text2Inthepast,citieswereoftendesignedwiththecarastheprimarymodeoftransport.Wideroads,parkinglots,andhighwaysdominatedtheurbanlandscape,whilewalkwaysandpublicspaceswereoftenneglected.Thiscar-centricapproachledtoseveralproblems,includingtrafficcongestion,airpollution,andsocialisolation.However,thereisagrowingmovementtoreconfigurecitiesaroundpedestriansandcyclists,aimingtocreatemorelivableandsustainableurbanenvironments.Oneofthemainargumentsforpedestrian-firstcitiesistheimprovementofpublichealth.Walkingandcyclingareformsofactivetransportationthatpromotephysicalactivity,reducingtheriskofchronicdiseasessuchasobesityanddiabetes.Bydesigningcitiesthatencouragewalkingandcycling,governmentscanhelpcitizensleadhealthierlifestyles,whichinturnreduceshealthcarecostsandimprovesoverallqualityoflife.Anotherbenefitisthereductionoftrafficcongestionandairpollution.Whencitiesshiftfromcardependencytomulti-modaltransport,thenumberofvehiclesontheroaddecreases,leadingtolesstrafficandloweremissions.Thisnotonlyimprovesairqualitybutalsoreducesnoisepollution,makingcitiesmorepleasantplacestolive.Additionally,theuseofbicyclesandelectricscooterscanfurtherreducerelianceonfossilfuels,contributingtoamoresustainabletransportationsystem.Furthermore,pedestrian-orientedurbandesigncanfostersocialinteractionandcommunityengagement.Publicspacessuchasparks,plazas,andstreetmarketsbecomecentersofsocialactivity,wherepeoplecanmeet,interact,andbuildcommunitybonds.Thiscontrastswithcar-dominatedcities,wheresocialinteractionisoftenlimitedtotheconfinesofprivatevehiclesorcars.Bycreatingmorepublicspacesthatareaccessibleandinviting,citiescanbecomemorevibrantandcohesive.Finally,pedestrian-firstcitiescanalsoboostlocaleconomies.Businessesthatareaccessibleonfootorbybikeattractmorecustomers,aspeoplearemorelikelytoexploreandshopinareasthatareeasilywalkable.Thiscanleadtothedevelopmentofvibrantstreetcommerce,smallbusinesses,andlocalmarkets,whichcontributetotheeconomicdiversityandresilienceofthecity.Text3Theinternethasrevolutionizedthewayweaccessandshareinformation.Withafewclicks,wecanfindanswerstoalmostanyquestion,connectwithpeoplefromaroundtheworld,andconsumeavastarrayofcontent.However,thiseaseofaccesshasalsogivenrisetoseveralchallenges,includingmisinformation,privacyconcerns,andthedigitaldivide.Oneofthemostsignificantproblemsisthespreadofmisinformation.Theinternetallowsfalseormisleadinginformationtospreadrapidly,oftenfasterthanaccurateinformation.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,especiallyduringelectionsorpublichealthcrises,wherefalsenarrativescaninfluencepublicopinionandbehavior.Socialmediaplatforms,inparticular,havebecomebreedinggroundsformisinformation,astheiralgorithmsprioritizeengagementoveraccuracy.Anotherissueisprivacy.Whiletheinternetoffersnumerousbenefits,italsocollectsvastamountsofpersonaldata.Thisdataisoftenusedfortargetedadvertising,butitcanalsobemisusedbyhackers,identitythieves,orauthoritarianregimes.Thelackofeffectiveregulationandenforcementofprivacylawsexacerbatestheserisks,leavingindividualsvulnerabletosurveillanceanddatabreaches.Thedigitaldivideisanothercriticalchallenge.Despitetheubiquityoftheinternet,manypeoplearoundtheworldstilllackaccesstoreliableinternetconnectivityorthenecessarydevicestoaccessit.Thisdisparitycreatesatwo-tieredworld,wherethosewhohaveaccesstotheinternetbenefitfromitsadvantages,whilethosewhodonotareleftbehind.Thedigitaldivideaffectseducation,employment,andsocialinclusion,perpetuatinginequalityandhinderingdevelopment.Finally,theinternethasalsotransformedthenatureofworkandrelationships.Whileremoteworkandonlinecommunicationhavebecomemoreprevalent,theyhavealsoledtoissuessuchascyberbullying,onlineharassment,andtheerosionofmeaningfulface-to-faceinteractions.Theconstantconnectivityprovidedbytheinternetcanblurthelinesbetweenworkandpersonallife,leadingtoburnoutanddecreasedwell-being.Toaddressthesechallenges,weneedtodevelopamorenuancedandresponsibleapproachtointernetuse.Thisincludespromotingmedialiteracytohelppeopleidentifyandevaluateinformation,strengtheningprivacylawsandregulations,bridgingthedigitaldividethroughinitiativesthatprovideaccesstotechnologyandinternetconnectivity,andfosteringacultureofdigitalcitizenshipthatencouragesresponsibleandethicalbehavioronline.Text4Climatechangeisoneofthemostpressingissuesfacinghumanitytoday.Theincreasingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,primarilyduetohumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation,hasledtoariseinglobaltemperatures,resultinginmorefrequentandsevereweatherevents.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefar-reaching,affectingecosystems,economies,andhumansocietiesaroundtheworld.Oneofthemostimmediateimpactsofclimatechangeistheriseinsealevels.Asglobaltemperaturesrise,polaricecapsandglaciersmelt,addingwatertotheoceans.Thisriseinsealevelsthreatenscoastalcommunitiesandlow-lyingareas,increasingtheriskoffloodinganderosion.Smallislandnationsareparticularlyvulnerable,asrisingsealevelscansubmergeentireislands,displacingthousandsofpeople.Anothersignificanteffectistheincreasedfrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents.Heatwaves,droughts,hurricanes,andwildfiresarebecomingmorecommonandsevere,causingwidespreaddamageandlossoflife.Theseeventsnotonlydestroypropertyandinfrastructurebutalsohavedevastatingeffectsonagriculture,leadingtofoodshortagesandeconomicinstability.Climatechangealsoposesaseriousthreattobiodiversity.Manyspeciesareunabletoadaptquicklyenoughtochangingenvironmentalconditions,leadingtoadeclineinpopulationnumbersandevenextinction.Thislossofbiodiversitydisruptsecosystems,affectingthebalanceofnatureandtheservicesthatecosystemsprovide,suchaspollinationandwaterpurification.Furthermore,climatechangehassignificantsocialandeconomicimplications.Itdisproportionatelyaffectsthepoorandmarginalized,whohavethefewestresourcestocopewithitsimpacts.Climatechangecanleadtodisplacement,conflict,andmigration,aspeopleareforcedtoleavetheirhomesduetorisingsealevels,droughts,orotherenvironmentalhazards.Thiscancreatehumanitariancrisesandexacerbateexistingsocialinequalities.Addressingclimatechangerequiresacoordinatedglobaleffort.Governmentsneedtoimplementpoliciesthatreducegreenhousegasemissions,suchastransitioningtorenewableenergysourcesandimprovingenergyefficiency.Internationalcooperationisessentialtoensurethatallcountriescontributetosolvingtheproblem.Additionally,individualscanplayarolebymakingsustainablechoicesintheirdailylives,suchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportation,andsupportingbusinessesthatprioritizeenvironmentalsustainability.二、新題型SevenspeciesofwildcamelsonceroamedtheEarth,butnowonlytworemain:theBactriancamelofCentralAsiaandtheDromedarycameloftheMiddleEast.Theseremainingspeciesfacenumerousthreats,includinghabitatloss,climatechange,andhumanencroachment.Conservationeffortsarecrucialtoensurethesurvivaloftheseiconicanimals.TheBactriancamel,withitstwohumps,isnativetothearidregionsofCentralAsia,includingcountrieslikeMongolia,China,andRussia.Itsdoublehumpstoresfat,whichcanbemetabolizedintowaterandenergyduringtimesofscarcity,makingitwell-adaptedtoharshdesertenvironments.However,itshabitatisshrinkingduetoovergrazing,mining,andinfrastructuredevelopment.Additionally,climatechangeisalteringthecamel'straditionalrange,makingitharderforthemtofindfoodandwater.TheDromedarycamel,withitssinglehump,isfoundintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.Ithasbeendomesticatedforcenturiesandiswidelyusedfortransportationandasasourceofmeat,milk,andwool.Whiledomesticatedpopulationsarenumerous,wildDromedarycamelsareendangeredduetohabitatlossandcompetitionwithlivestock.Theyarealsovulnerabletopoachingandillegalhunting.Conservationeffortsforwildcamelsarecomplexandmultifaceted.Onekeystrategyistheprotectionoftheirnaturalhabitats.Thisinvolvesestablishingprotectedareaswherecamelscanlivewithoutthethreatofhumanencroachment.Additionally,managinggrazingpracticesisessentialtopreventovergrazing,whichdegradesthecamel'shabitat.Anotherimportantaspectofconservationisaddressingtheimpactsofclimatechange.Astemperaturesriseandprecipitationpatternsshift,camelsfacechallengesinfindingsufficientfoodandwater.Conservationistsareworkingonstrategiestohelpcamelsadapttothesechanges,suchasintroducingdrought-resistantvegetationandcreatingwaterpointsincriticalareas.Communityinvolvementisalsocrucialforthesuccessofcamelconservationefforts.Localcommunitiesrelyoncamelsfortheirlivelihoods,soengagingtheminconservationinitiativesisessential.Thiscanbedonethrougheducationandawarenessprograms,whichhighlighttheimportanceofcamelstotheecosystemandtheneedtoprotectthem.Additionally,providingalternativelivelihoodscanreducetherelianceoncamelsforsubsistence,therebyreducingthepressureonwildcamelpopulations.Finally,researchandmonitoringarevitalforunderstandingcamelpopulationsandtheirneeds.Scientistsarestudyingcamelbehavior,genetics,andecologytodevelopeffectiveconservationstrategies.Regularmonitoringofwildcamelpopulationshelpstracktheirnumbersandidentifythreats,allowingfortimelyinterventions.三、翻譯Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddebateaboutitsimpactonsociety.ProponentsarguethatAIcansignificantlyenhanceproductivity,improvehealthcareoutcomes,andautomatetedioustasks,ultimatelyleadingtoabetterqualityoflife.However,criticswarnthatAIcouldalsoleadtojobdisplacement,exacerbatesocialinequalities,andposeethicalchallenges.OneoftheprimarybenefitsofAIisitspotentialtoboosteconomicproductivity.AIsystemscanperformtasksfasterandmoreaccuratelythanhumans,leadingtoincreasedefficiencyinvariousindustries.Forexample,inmanufacturing,AI-poweredrobotscanoperate24/7withoutfatigue,significantlyboostingproductionrates.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimages,aidingdoctorsindiagnosingdiseasesmorequicklyandaccurately.Theseadvancementscanleadtolowercosts,higheroutput,andimprovedeconomicgrowth.Despitethesepotentialbenefits,AIalsoposessignificantriskstothejobmarket.Manyjobsthatinvolverepetitiveorpredictabletasksareatriskofbeingautomated,leadingtowidespreadunemployment.WhileAImaycreatenewjobsinfieldssuchasAIdevelopmentandmaintenance,thesejobsoftenrequiredifferentskillsets,leavingmanyworkersunabletotransition.Thiscouldresultinaskillsgapandincreasedincomeinequality,asthosewiththenecessaryskillstoworkwithAIbenefitdisproportionately.AnotherconcernistheethicalimplicationsofAI.AIsystemsareonlyasunbiasedasthedatatheyaretrainedon,andifthetrainingdataisbiased,theAI'sdecisionswillalsobebiased.Thishasledtoissuessuchasdiscriminatoryhiringpractices,whereAIalgorithmsmightfavorcertaincandidatesbasedongenderorrace.Additionally,theuseofAIinsurveillanceandmonitoringraisesprivacyconcerns,asAIsystemscanbeusedtotrackandanalyzehumanbehaviorinwaysthatinfringeonpersonalprivacy.Finally,therapiddevelopmentofAItechnologyhasoutpacedtheestablishmentofregulatoryframeworks.GovernmentsandorganizationsarestrugglingtokeepupwiththepaceofAIinnovation,leadingtoalackofoversightandaccountability.ThiscreatesariskthatAIcouldbeusedformaliciouspurposes,suchasautonomousweaponsordeepfakes,whichcouldhavedevastatingconsequencesforsociety.四、完形填空Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingawarenessoftheimportanceofmentalhealth.Nolongerismentalillnessseenasasignofweaknessorsomethingtobeashamedof.Instead,itisincreasinglyrecognizedasamedicalconditionthatneedstreatmentandsupport.Thisshiftinperspectivehasledtoanumberofpositivechangesinhowsocietyaddressesmentalhealthissues.Oneofthemostsignificantchangeshasbeenthereductioninstigma.Stigmareferstothenegativeattitudesandbeliefsthatsocietyholdsaboutmentalillness.Itcanleadtodiscrimination,isolation,andreluctancetoseekhelp.However,throughpubliceducationcampaignsandthesharingofpersonalstories,stigmaisbeingchallengedandreduced.Peoplearebecomingmoreunderstandingandcompassionatetowardsthosewhosufferfrommentalillness,creatingamoresupportiveenvironment.Anotherpositivechangehasbeentheincreaseinaccesstomentalhealthservices.Inthepast,mentalhealthcarewasoftenexpensiveanddifficulttoaccess.However,therehasbeenaconcertedefforttoexpandmentalhealthservices,makingthemmoreaffordableandaccessibletoawiderpopulation.Thisincludestheintegrationofmentalhealthcareintoprimarycaresettings,thedevelopmentofcommunitymentalhealthcenters,andtheavailabilityoftelehealthservices,whichallowpeopletoreceivementalhealthcareremotely.Furthermore,therehasbeenagreaterfocusonpreventionandearlyintervention.Ratherthanwaitinguntilsomeoneisseverelyilltoseekhelp,thereisnowagreateremphasisonidentifyingandaddressingmentalhealthissuesearlyon.Thiscanbedonethroughschool-basedmentalhealthprograms,workplacestressmanagementinitiatives,andcommunitymentalhealthscreenings.Earlyinterventioncanhelppreventmentalillnessfromdevelopingorworsening,leadingtobetteroutcomesforindividuals.Finally,therehasbeenanincreaseinresearchonmentalhealth.Scientistsandresearchersarestudyingthecauses,treatments,andpreventionofmentalillnesstoimproveourunderstandingoftheseconditions.Thisresearchhasledtothedevelopmentofnewandmoreeffectivetreatments,suchasmedicationsandpsychotherapies.Additionally,researchishelpingtoidentifytheriskfactorsformentalillness,allowingfortargetedpreventionefforts.五、寫作Manypeoplebelievethatthepursuitofhappinessshouldbetheprimarygoaloflife.Theyarguethatifwefocusonwhatmakesushappy,wewillleadmorefulfillingandmeaningfullives.Whilehappinessiscertainlyanimportantaspectoflife,itshouldnotbethesolefocus.Thereareothervaluesandgoalsthatareequallyimportant,andabalancedliferequiresthepursuitofmultipleobjectives.Oneofthemostimportantvaluestopursueispersonalgrowth.Personalgrowthinvolvesthecontinuousdevelopmentofone'sskills,knowledge,andcharacter.Itincludeslearningnewthings,overcomingchallenges,andbecomingabetterversionofoneself.Personalgrowthcanleadtoasenseofaccomplishmentandself-worth,whichareessentialforafulfillinglife.However,personalgrowthofteninvolveshardworkanddiscipline,anditmaynotalwaysleadtoimmediatehappiness.Anotherimportantgoalisthepursuitofmeaningfulrelationships.Humansaresocialcreatures,andwethriveonconnectionswithothers.Buildingandmaintainingstrongrelationshipswithfamily,friends,andcommunitymembersprovidessupport,love,andasenseofbelonging.Whiletheserelationshipsmaysometimesbechallenging,theyareessentialforourwell-beingandhappiness.Theefforttocultivatetheserelationshipscanbemorerewardingthanseekinghappinessthroughsolitarypursuits.Furthermore,contributingtosocietyisanotherimportantgoal.Weliveinacommunity,anditisourresponsibilitytocontributetoitswell-being.Thiscanbedonethroughvolunteering,participatingincommunityactivities,orworkingtowardscausesthatwebelievein.Contributingtosocietycangiveusasenseofpurposeandmeaning,whichareessentialforafulfillinglife.Whileitmaynotalwaysbringimmediatehappiness,thelong-termbenefitsofmakingapositiveimpactontheworldaresignificant.Finally,itisimportanttorecognizethathappinessissubjectiveandcanvaryfrompersontoperson.Whatmakesonepersonhappymaynotmakeanotherpersonhappy.Therefore,itisessentialtofindwhatbringsuspersonalfulfillmentandmeaning,ratherthanseekingasingledefinitionofhappiness.Abalancedlifeinvolvespursuingmultiplegoals,includingpersonalgrowth,meaningfulrelationships,andcontributingtosociety,whilealsofindingjoyandcontentmentintheeverydaymomentsoflife.試卷答案一、閱讀理解Text11.D思路：題干問“文章主要討論了人工智能帶來的哪個(gè)問題”。通讀全文可知，文章依次討論了AI帶來的便利性，然后重點(diǎn)闡述了其引發(fā)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)沖擊、隱私安全、算法偏見和人類能力退化等倫理社會(huì)問題。首段末句的“However,this快速發(fā)展也引發(fā)了一系列倫理和社會(huì)問題”是全文的轉(zhuǎn)折和核心。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)（倫理和社會(huì)問題）最能概括文章主旨。2.A思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)最直接的影響是什么”。根據(jù)文章第二段“就業(yè)市場(chǎng)受到?jīng)_擊。許多傳統(tǒng)崗位被自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)取代，導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，尤其是在制造業(yè)和客服行業(yè)”可知，A選項(xiàng)（導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升）是文章明確指出的人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)最直接的影響。3.C思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，算法偏見的主要后果是什么”。根據(jù)文章第三段“算法偏見和歧視問題不容忽視。AI系統(tǒng)的決策基于算法和數(shù)據(jù)分析，但算法本身可能存在偏見，導(dǎo)致歧視性結(jié)果。例如，某些AI招聘系統(tǒng)在篩選簡(jiǎn)歷時(shí)，可能因?yàn)橛?xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)中存在性別或種族偏見，而歧視特定群體的求職者。這不僅違反了公平原則，也加劇了社會(huì)不平等。”可知，C選項(xiàng)（加劇社會(huì)不平等）是算法偏見的直接后果之一，且符合文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。4.B思路：題干問“文章暗示了過度依賴AI可能導(dǎo)致什么后果”。根據(jù)文章第四段“AI的過度依賴可能導(dǎo)致人類能力的退化。隨著AI在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們?cè)絹碓揭蕾囘@些系統(tǒng)來完成任務(wù)，自身的判斷力和解決問題的能力逐漸下降。長(zhǎng)期以往，人類可能會(huì)失去獨(dú)立思考和自主決策的能力，對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響?！笨芍珺選項(xiàng)（人類能力的退化）是文章明確指出的過度依賴AI的后果。5.A思路：題干問“作者對(duì)人工智能發(fā)展的態(tài)度最可能是什么”。文章首段肯定了AI的便利性，但隨后通過“However”轉(zhuǎn)折，重點(diǎn)論述了AI帶來的種種問題，并在末段提出需要采取措施來規(guī)范AI發(fā)展。這表明作者對(duì)AI發(fā)展持謹(jǐn)慎和擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為需要加以引導(dǎo)和管理。A選項(xiàng)（謹(jǐn)慎且擔(dān)憂）最符合這種態(tài)度。Text26.C思路：題干問“文章主要對(duì)比了哪種城市設(shè)計(jì)理念”。文章首段提到以汽車為中心的城市設(shè)計(jì)，然后通過“However”轉(zhuǎn)折，提出以行人和自行車為中心的城市設(shè)計(jì)理念，并論述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。最后一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種設(shè)計(jì)理念的不同影響。因此，文章核心是比較“以汽車為中心”和“以行人和自行車為中心”兩種城市設(shè)計(jì)理念。C選項(xiàng)（以汽車為中心和以行人和自行車為中心）準(zhǔn)確概括了對(duì)比的對(duì)象。7.D思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，設(shè)計(jì)以行人和自行車為中心的城市有哪些健康益處”。根據(jù)文章第二段“另一個(gè)健康益處是促進(jìn)身體健康。行走和騎自行車是積極交通方式，能促進(jìn)身體活動(dòng)，降低患慢性?。ㄈ绶逝趾吞悄虿。┑娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過設(shè)計(jì)鼓勵(lì)行走和騎自行車的城市，政府可以幫助公民過上更健康的生活方式，從而降低醫(yī)療成本，提高整體生活質(zhì)量?！笨芍?，D選項(xiàng)（促進(jìn)身體健康，降低患慢性病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）是文章提到的設(shè)計(jì)以行人和自行車為中心的城市帶來的直接健康益處。8.B思路：題干問“文章如何論證以行人和自行車為中心的城市可以減少污染”。根據(jù)文章第三段“當(dāng)城市從汽車依賴轉(zhuǎn)向多模式交通時(shí)，道路上的車輛數(shù)量就會(huì)減少，從而減少交通量和排放。這不僅可以改善空氣質(zhì)量，還可以減少噪音污染，使城市成為更宜居的地方。此外，自行車的使用和電動(dòng)滑板車的使用可以進(jìn)一步減少對(duì)化石燃料的依賴，有助于建立更可持續(xù)的交通系統(tǒng)?！笨芍珺選項(xiàng)（通過減少車輛數(shù)量和化石燃料依賴）是文章解釋減少污染的途徑。9.A思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)以行人和自行車為中心的城市如何促進(jìn)社會(huì)互動(dòng)”。根據(jù)文章第四段“社會(huì)互動(dòng)的中心。公共空間，如公園、廣場(chǎng)和街頭市場(chǎng)，成為社會(huì)活動(dòng)的中心，人們可以在那里見面、互動(dòng)并建立社區(qū)關(guān)系。這與社會(huì)主導(dǎo)的城市形成對(duì)比，在社會(huì)主導(dǎo)的城市中，社會(huì)互動(dòng)往往局限于私人車輛或汽車內(nèi)。通過創(chuàng)造更易于進(jìn)入和受歡迎的公共空間，城市可以變得更充滿活力和凝聚力?！笨芍?，A選項(xiàng)（通過提供公共空間促進(jìn)互動(dòng)）是文章的核心觀點(diǎn)。10.B思路：題干問“文章暗示了設(shè)計(jì)以行人和自行車為中心的城市對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可能產(chǎn)生的什么影響”。根據(jù)文章第五段“商業(yè)街吸引更多顧客，因?yàn)槿藗兏锌赡芴剿骱驮谶@些易于行走或騎行的地區(qū)購(gòu)物。這可以促進(jìn)充滿活力的街頭商業(yè)、小型企業(yè)和當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)的發(fā)展，這些都有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)的多樣性和韌性?！笨芍?，B選項(xiàng)（可能促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)厣虡I(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展）是文章暗示的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響。Text311.D思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的最大挑戰(zhàn)是什么”。通讀全文，文章依次討論了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的便利性，然后重點(diǎn)分析了其帶來的四個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)：虛假信息的傳播（第一段）、隱私問題（第二段）、數(shù)字鴻溝（第三段）以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)工作和人際關(guān)系的影響（第四段）。其中，第一段末句提到“虛假信息可能比準(zhǔn)確信息傳播得更快”，第二段提到隱私容易被濫用和泄露，第三段提到許多人不具備使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的條件，這些都表明虛假信息、隱私和數(shù)字鴻溝都是嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。但第四段提到“隨著AI在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們?cè)絹碓揭蕾囘@些系統(tǒng)來完成任務(wù)，自身的判斷力和解決問題的能力逐漸下降。長(zhǎng)期以往，人類可能會(huì)失去獨(dú)立思考和自主決策的能力”，暗示了過度依賴本身可能導(dǎo)致更深層次的能力退化問題。結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普遍性和影響范圍，過度依賴導(dǎo)致的主體能力退化可能被視為一個(gè)更根本、更廣泛的挑戰(zhàn)。D選項(xiàng)（主體能力退化）最能概括這一深層挑戰(zhàn)。12.A思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，社交媒體在信息傳播中扮演了什么角色”。根據(jù)文章第一段“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)允許虛假或誤導(dǎo)性信息快速傳播，往往比準(zhǔn)確信息更快，而社交媒體平臺(tái)尤其成為虛假信息的溫床，因?yàn)樗鼈兊乃惴▋?yōu)先考慮參與度而不是準(zhǔn)確性?！笨芍?，A選項(xiàng)（虛假信息的溫床）準(zhǔn)確地描述了文章對(duì)社交媒體角色的判斷。13.B思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及不足導(dǎo)致了什么直接后果”。根據(jù)文章第三段“盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)無處不在，但世界上仍有很多人無法獲得可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接或必要的設(shè)備來使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。這種差距創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)兩階層的世界，那些能夠訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人從其優(yōu)勢(shì)中受益，而那些無法訪問的人則被拋在后面。數(shù)字鴻溝影響教育、就業(yè)和社會(huì)包容，加劇不平等，阻礙發(fā)展。”可知，B選項(xiàng)（加劇不平等）是文章明確指出的數(shù)字鴻溝的直接后果。14.C思路：題干問“文章暗示了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何改變了工作和人際關(guān)系”。根據(jù)文章第四段“隨著遠(yuǎn)程工作和在線交流的普及，網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌、網(wǎng)絡(luò)騷擾以及有意義的面對(duì)面互動(dòng)的減少也隨之而來?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)提供的持續(xù)連接使工作與個(gè)人生活之間的界限變得模糊，導(dǎo)致倦怠和福祉下降?！笨芍珻選項(xiàng)（使工作與個(gè)人生活界限模糊）是文章明確提到的一個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的改變及其負(fù)面影響。15.A思路：題干問“為了應(yīng)對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，文章建議采取什么措施”。文章末段提出了一系列應(yīng)對(duì)措施：“我們需要制定更細(xì)致、更負(fù)責(zé)任地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方法。這包括推廣媒體素養(yǎng)，幫助人們識(shí)別和評(píng)估信息；加強(qiáng)隱私法律和監(jiān)管；彌合數(shù)字鴻溝，通過提供技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接的舉措；培養(yǎng)一種負(fù)責(zé)任的和合乎道德的在線行為文化?！盇選項(xiàng)（推廣媒體素養(yǎng)）是文章提出的具體建議之一。16.C思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為解決互聯(lián)網(wǎng)問題的關(guān)鍵在于什么”。文章末段提到“我們需要制定更細(xì)致、更負(fù)責(zé)任地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方法”以及“培養(yǎng)一種負(fù)責(zé)任的和合乎道德的在線行為文化”。這表明，文章認(rèn)為解決互聯(lián)網(wǎng)問題的關(guān)鍵在于培養(yǎng)用戶的“責(zé)任感”和“合乎道德的行為”。C選項(xiàng)（培養(yǎng)負(fù)責(zé)任的和合乎道德的在線行為文化）最能概括這一點(diǎn)。Text417.B思路：題干問“文章指出氣候變化最直接的物理表現(xiàn)是什么”。根據(jù)文章第一段“氣候變化的直接影響是海平面上升。隨著全球溫度升高，極地冰蓋和冰川融化，向海洋添加了水。海平面的上升威脅著沿海社區(qū)和低洼地區(qū)，增加了洪水和侵蝕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！笨芍?，B選項(xiàng)（海平面上升）是文章明確指出的氣候變化最直接的物理表現(xiàn)。18.D思路：題干問“文章提到氣候變化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的主要影響是什么”。根據(jù)文章第二段“另一個(gè)顯著的影響是極端天氣事件（如熱浪、干旱、颶風(fēng)和野火）的頻率和強(qiáng)度增加。這些事件不僅破壞財(cái)產(chǎn)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，而且對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)有毀滅性的影響，導(dǎo)致糧食短缺和經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定。”可知，D選項(xiàng)（導(dǎo)致糧食短缺）是文章明確指出的氣候變化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的主要負(fù)面影響。19.A思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為氣候變化對(duì)生物多樣性最主要的威脅是什么”。根據(jù)文章第三段“氣候變化也對(duì)社會(huì)和生物多樣性構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。許多物種無法快速適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境條件，導(dǎo)致種群數(shù)量下降甚至滅絕。這種生物多樣性的喪失破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，影響了自然界的平衡以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供的服務(wù)，如授粉和水質(zhì)凈化?！笨芍?，A選項(xiàng)（導(dǎo)致物種滅絕和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞）是文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的氣候變化對(duì)生物多樣性的主要威脅。20.C思路：題干問“文章暗示氣候變化可能引發(fā)哪種社會(huì)后果”。根據(jù)文章第四段“氣候變化對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的重大影響。它不成比例地影響窮人和社會(huì)邊緣化群體，他們沒有足夠的資源來應(yīng)對(duì)其影響。氣候變化可能導(dǎo)致流離失所、沖突和移民，因?yàn)槿藗儽黄入x開家園，原因是海平面上升、干旱或其他環(huán)境危害。這可能導(dǎo)致人道主義危機(jī)，并加劇現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)不平等。”可知，C選項(xiàng)（導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模人口遷移）是文章暗示的氣候變化可能引發(fā)的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重社會(huì)后果。21.D思路：題干問“文章認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化最需要什么”。文章末段強(qiáng)調(diào)了“政府需要實(shí)施減少溫室氣體排放的政策...國(guó)際合作對(duì)于確保所有國(guó)家都為解決這個(gè)問題做出貢獻(xiàn)至關(guān)重要。此外，個(gè)人可以通過在日常生活中做出可持續(xù)的選擇來發(fā)揮作用...”。這表明，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要政府政策、國(guó)際合作和個(gè)人參與的多方面努力。D選項(xiàng)（全球共同努力）最能概括這種綜合性的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。22.B思路：題干問“文章建議個(gè)人在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面可以采取什么行動(dòng)”。根據(jù)文章末段“此外，個(gè)人可以通過在日常生活中做出可持續(xù)的選擇來發(fā)揮作用，例如減少能源消耗、使用公共交通工具、支持優(yōu)先考慮環(huán)境可持續(xù)性的企業(yè)?！笨芍?，B選項(xiàng)（減少能源消耗）是文章建議個(gè)人可以采取的具體行動(dòng)之一。二、新題型23.FGHABCE思路：這是一道七選五的段落匹配題。首先，閱讀七個(gè)段落，找出每個(gè)段落的主題句或核心信息。F段主要講野駱駝的多樣性減少。G段介紹Bactriancamel的特性和威脅。H段介紹Dromedarycamel的特性和威脅。A段強(qiáng)調(diào)Conservation的重要性。B段講Habitatprotection。C段講Climatechangeadaptation。E段講Communityinvolvement。然后，閱讀文章段落，找出主題句。第一段提到“重新配置城市”。第二段提到“改善公共健康”。第三段提到“減少交通擁堵和空氣污染”。第四段提到“促進(jìn)社會(huì)互動(dòng)”。第五段提到“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命”。第六段提到“虛假信息”。第七段提到“數(shù)字鴻溝”。將段落主題與段落信息進(jìn)行匹配：F（多樣性減少）與第一段“重新配置城市”不相關(guān)；G（Bactriancamel特性威脅）與第二段“改善公共健康”不相關(guān)；H（Dromedarycamel特性威脅）與第三段“減少交通擁堵和空氣污染”不相關(guān)；A（Conservation重要性）與第四段“促進(jìn)社會(huì)互動(dòng)”不相關(guān)；B（Habitatprotection）與第一段“重新配置城市”的主題（雖然保護(hù)棲息地是配置的一部分）有一定關(guān)聯(lián)，但不是最緊密的；C（Climatechangeadaptation）與第三段“減少交通擁堵和空氣污染”不相關(guān)；E（Communityinvolvement）與第四段“促進(jìn)社會(huì)互動(dòng)”的主題最為契合。因此，E應(yīng)放在第四段。接著，看剩下的段落和主題句，D（虛假信息）與第五段“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命”不相關(guān)；F（多樣性減少）與第六段“虛假信息”不相關(guān)；G（Bactriancamel特性威脅）與第七段“數(shù)字鴻溝”不相關(guān)；H（Dromedarycamel特性威脅）與第五段“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命”不相關(guān)；A（Conservation重要性）與第六段“虛假信息”不相關(guān)；B（Habitatprotection）與第七段“數(shù)字鴻溝”不相關(guān)；C（Climatechangeadaptation）與第六段“虛假信息”不相關(guān)。根據(jù)邏輯順序和主題關(guān)聯(lián)，將段落按照F-G-H-E-A-B-C的順序排列。F講背景（多樣性減少），G和H分別講兩種駱駝，A提出解決方案（Conservation），接著B（Habitatprotection）和C（Climatechangeadaptation）是Conservation的具體措施，最后E（Communityinvolvement）是另一個(gè)重要方面。三、翻譯Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddebateaboutitsimpactonsociety.ProponentsarguethatAIcansignificantlyenhanceproductivity,improvehealthcareoutcomes,andautomatetedioustasks,ultimatelyleadingtoabetterqualityoflife.However,criticswarnthatAIcouldalsoleadtojobdisplacement,exacerbatesocialinequalities,andposeethicalchallenges.OneoftheprimarybenefitsofAIisitspotentialtoboosteconomicproductivity.AIsystemscanperformtasksfasterandmoreaccuratelythanhumans,leadingtoincreasedefficiencyinvariousindustries.Forexample,inmanufacturing,AI-poweredrobotscanoperate24/7withoutfatigue,significantlyboostingproductionrates.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimages,aidingdoctorsindiagnosingdiseasesmorequicklyandaccurately.Theseadvancementscanleadtolowercosts,higheroutput,andimprovedeconomicgrowth.Despitethesepotentialbenefits,AIalsoposessignificantriskstothejobmarket.Manyjobsthatinvolverepetitiveorpredictabletasksareatriskofbeingautomated,leadingtowidespreadunemployment.WhileAImaycreatenewjobsinfieldssuchasAIdevelopmentandmaintenance,thesejobsoftenrequiredifferentskillsets,leavingmanyworkersunabletotransition.Thiscouldresultinaskillsgapandincreasedincomeinequality,asthosewiththenecessaryskillstoworkwithAIbenefitdisproportionately.AnotherconcernistheethicalimplicationsofAI.AIsystemsareonlyasunbiasedasthedatatheyaretrainedon,andifthetrainingdataisbiased,theAI'sdecisionswillalsobebiased.Thishasledtoissuessuchasdiscriminatoryhiringpractices,whereAIalgorithmsmightfavorcertaincandidatesbasedongenderorrace.Additionally,theuseofAIinsurveillanceandmonitoringraisesprivacyconcerns,asAIsystemscanbeusedtotrackandanalyzehumanbehaviorinwaysthatinfringeonpersonalprivacy.Finally,therapiddevelopmentofAItechnologyhasoutpacedtheestablishmentofregulatoryframeworks.GovernmentsandorganizationsarestrugglingtokeepupwiththepaceofAIinnovation,leadingtoalackofoversightandaccountability.ThiscreatesariskthatAIcouldbeusedformaliciouspurposes,suchasautonomousweaponsordeepfakes,whichcouldhavedevastatingconsequencesforsociety.四、完形填空Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingawarenessoftheimportanceofmentalhealth.Nolongerismentalillnessseenasasignofweaknessorsomethingtobeashamedof.Instead,itisincreasinglyrecognizedasamedicalconditionthatneedstreatmentandsupport.Thisshiftinperspectivehasledtoanumberofpositivechangesinhowsocietyaddressesmentalhealthissues.Oneofthemostsignificantchangeshasbeenthereductioninstigma.Stigmareferstothenegativeattitudesandbeliefsthatsocietyholdsaboutmentalillness.Itcanleadtodiscrimination,isolation,andreluctancetoseekhelp.However,throughpubliceducationcampaignsandthesharingofpersonalstories,stigmaisbeingchallengedandreduced.Peoplearebecomingmoreunderstandingandcompassionatetowardsthosewhosufferfrommentalillness,creatingamoresupportiveenvironment.Anotherpositivechangehasbeentheincreaseinaccessto