專題十形容詞副詞一、形容詞（一）、在句子中所充當(dāng)成分成分例句定語OneofthemostcommonlanguagesusedforcreatingwebpagesiscalledHTML.Whoisthegreatestwomanwriteraliveintheworld?表語Aftergettingherhaircut,shelookedevenmorebeautiful賓語補(bǔ)足語Withthewindowopen,manythingsintheshopwerestolenatnight.狀語Thebirdfellontotheground,dead.（二）、比較級(jí)此外，初中還安排了形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的語法點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)。其變化規(guī)則如下表：規(guī)則原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)形容詞在詞尾加-er；-esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞在詞尾加-r；-stlargewidelargerwiderlargestwidest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞，末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)先雙寫該輔音字母，然后加-er；-estthinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，須先將y變成i，然后加-er；-esthappyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音節(jié)形容詞前加more變比較級(jí)；加themost變最高級(jí)beautifulinterestingmorebeautifulmoreinterestingthemostbeautifulthemostinteresting部分不規(guī)則的形容詞變化如下表：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest（三）、具體用法1、只能修飾形容詞原級(jí)的詞very,quite,so,too.例如：Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至不能再繼續(xù)走了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。2、含有as…as（與…一樣）的原級(jí)表達(dá)句式。例如：TomisasoldasKate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的兩倍。TomrunsasfastasMike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。【注意】1、否定形式notas…as也可以用成notso…as“不如……不及……?！崩纾篐edoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那樣慢。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)大。2、可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞much,alot,agreatdeal,far,byfar(……得多)，alittle,abit(……一點(diǎn)兒)，even(甚至)，still(仍然)，any(用于否定、疑問句中)。例如：LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.這輛火車比那輛跑得快。Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真?！镜湫屠}】1、Theexperimentwaseasierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案C。much可修飾比較級(jí)，easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不能再用more.2、最高級(jí)表示三者及三者以上事物間的比較，常與of…，in…連用。例如：TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.長江是中國最長的河流?！鶷heYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.長江比中國其他任何一條河都長。Ofalltheplanets,theMercuryisthenearesttothesun.在所有的行星中，水星離太陽最近。3、“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。例如：Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他長得越來越高了.Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花兒越來越漂亮。4、“the+比較級(jí)…the+比較級(jí)”表示“越……，就越……”。例如：Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越認(rèn)真，犯的錯(cuò)誤就越少?！镜湫屠}】childrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorer答案B。由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活會(huì)越好。”children是可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用few來修飾。（四）、形容詞與不定代詞的搭配連用當(dāng)形容詞和不定代詞something,anything,noting,everything連用時(shí)，這些代詞應(yīng)放在前面，形容詞在后面。例如：Doyouhaveanythinginterestingtotellusalltoday?今天有啥有趣的事情跟我們大家說說嗎？Takeiteasy.Thereisnothingseriouswithyourdisease,whichisjustacold.別緊張，你的病無大礙，只是感冒而已?！镜湫屠}】Ihavetodotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething答案B。形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)放在其后面。故排除C、D。句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something.（五）、形容詞與enough的搭配連用當(dāng)形容詞enough和不定代詞連用時(shí)，形容詞放在前面，enough在后面。例如：CharliewasluckyenoughtohavebeentakentotheLochNesswithfamilies.查理足夠幸運(yùn)地被家人帶著去過尼斯湖?！咀⒁狻?.只能用作定語，不能用作表語的形容詞：little,wooden,golden,many,elder…不能說Theboyislittle.Thewatchisgolden/wooden.2.只能作表語，不能用作定語的形容詞：well,ill,alone,content,unable,worth,afraid,alive,asleep,ashamed,awake,aware…例如：anillboy,analonevillage就是用錯(cuò)的短語?？梢哉fanillidea“壞點(diǎn)子”，ill當(dāng)定語時(shí)是轉(zhuǎn)義，不是“有病的”了。3.英語形容順序當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，形容詞該如何排列？為什么不能說ablacknewpen,而是說成anewblackpen?這里面有無規(guī)則可循？如果你記住下列口決：好美小高狀其新，顏色國料特別近。那你就能掌握英語中系列形容詞做前置定語時(shí)的排列問題。“好”代表評(píng)價(jià)性的形容詞，如nice,good,kind等；“美”指描述物體給人的心理感受的形容詞，如beautiful,pretty,handsome,ugly,good-looking,lovely等；“小”指描述物體大小的形容詞，如small,big,large,little等；“高”指描述物體的高低/矮的形容詞，如tall,high,short,deep,wide,shallow,thick等；“狀”指描述物體形狀的形容詞。如round,square,narrow等;“其”是整個(gè)口訣中的語氣詞，無含義?！靶隆敝该枋鑫矬w新舊的形容詞。如new,oldyoung等。“顏色”就是red,green,blue,pink,black,yellow,purple這類詞語。“國”也就是描述國籍類的形容詞。如Chinese,Germany,Russian,Spanish等?！傲稀敝该枋鑫矬w制成所用的材料。如plastic,metal,wood,aluminum,wool,cotton,glass,steel等。英語中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列，如anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpen當(dāng)然，實(shí)際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情況。4.英語同源形容詞的區(qū)別在英語中某些詞有兩種或兩種以上的形容詞形式，它們詞形相近，但詞義不同，容易用錯(cuò)。v-ing表示事物的特征v-ed表示人的心理感受frightening令人恐懼的Frightened對……感到恐懼delightingdelightedannoyingannoyedexcitingexcited【典型例題】Theboyonthetreeaskedinavoice,“AreyousureI’mgoingtolandonthemat？”A.happyB.frightenedC.frighteningD.embarrassing答案B。樹上的孩子害怕地問道：“你們確信我會(huì)落到墊子上嗎？”afrightenedvoice,表明樹上的孩子心理很恐懼。5.“定冠詞the+形容詞”表示一類人或物，用做主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：theyoung年青人theweak弱者thestrong強(qiáng)者thedisabled殘疾人theold/aged老年人theinjured受傷人員E.g:Theinjuredinthetrafficaccidenthavebeenrushedtothenearesthospital.交通事故中受傷的人員已經(jīng)被迅速送到最近的醫(yī)院去了。6.“not+比較級(jí)”并不表示否定，而是表示正面的肯定。例如：Icouldn’tagreemore.我絕對贊同。Youcouldn’thavechosenabettergiftforme.你挑選給我的是最好的禮物。7.并非所有的形容詞都有比較級(jí)。如：superior,senior,junior,similar,different,necessary,impossible等形容詞沒有比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法。【典型例題】Afterwecomparethetwo,wefindthisdesignisthatone.A.moresuperiortoB.farsuperiorthanC.moresuperiorthanD.farsuperiorto答案D?！皩Ρ戎?，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這款設(shè)計(jì)比那一款要優(yōu)越”。形容詞superior沒有比較級(jí)形式，選項(xiàng)A.C.用了比較級(jí)，故錯(cuò)誤；superior與to搭配連用，故B也錯(cuò)。8.連系動(dòng)詞seem,feel,sound,appear,remain,look,go,turn,get,become常接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thewitnessremainedsilentoverthematterforsomereasons.出于某些原因，目擊者對此事保持沉默。Yourproposalsoundsverypractical.你的提議聽起來很實(shí)用。二、副詞的用法(1)副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。Hestudiesveryhard.（作狀語）Lifehereisfullofjoy.（作定語）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表語）副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類：1)時(shí)間副詞時(shí)間副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見的時(shí)間副詞有：nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.2)地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.3)方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的？”這類問題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的,有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly,它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.4)程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有：how,when,where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副詞在句中的位置1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語，則放在賓語之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2)頻度副詞作狀語時(shí)，通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面,但enough作副詞用時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.4)副詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副詞的用法1)very,much這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如：SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞，而very則不能。例如：Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.2)too,either這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.3)already,yetalready一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn’tansweredyet.4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(1)Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.(2)most同形容詞連用而不用the,表示"極,很,非常,十分"。It'smostdangeroustobehere.在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。(3)“The+形容詞比較級(jí)...,the+形容詞比較級(jí)...”表示“越...就越...”。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.(4)“形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí)”,表示“越來越...”。It'sgettinghotterandhotter.(5)主語+謂語(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.(6)the+形容詞，表示某種人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.(7)形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.Exercise:1．Therearemanyyoungtreeson

sidesoftheroad.A.every

B.each

C.both

D.all2．It’ssocoldtoday.Yes,it’s

thanitwasyesterday.A.morecold

B.morecolder

C.muchcolder

D.cold3．LittleTomhas

friends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.more

B.alittle

C.many

D.few4．Sheisn’tso

atmathsasyouare.A.well

B.good

C.better

D.best5．Peterwrites

ofthethree.A.better

B.best

C.good

D.well6．Heis

enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.stronger

B.muchstronger

C.strong

D.thestrongest7．Ibought

exercise-bookswith

money.A.afew;afew

B.afew;alittle

C.alittle;afew

D.alittle;alittle8．Theboxis

heavyforthegirl

carry.A.too;to

B.to;too

C.so;that

D.no;to9．Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter

.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.long

B.high

C.thick

D.wide10．WuLinran

fasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.so

B.much

C.very

D.too11.Jonelooksso_______todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermathstest.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily12.Thesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas______withme.A.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry13.Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but______this.A.abetter;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodas14.Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!The______thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive15.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitas_______aspossible.A.oftenB.longC.hardD.soon16.Paulhas______friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.more17.Englishpeople_____useMr.Beforeaman’sfirstname.A.neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes18.OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.Right.Thegovernmentspoke______that.A.highlyforB.highofC.wellofD.highlyof19.Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,______mistakesyouwillmake.Weknow,MissGao.A.Themore;themoreB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;theless20.Ihave________todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething21. Piddy’splanwas________.A.sogoodas,ifnobetterthanours B.asgoodas,ifnotbetterthanours C.asgoodlike,ifnobetterthanour’s D.aswellas,ifnotbetter