1/162026年上海市普通高校春季高考英語(yǔ)仿真模擬卷02（上海專用）（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：140分）ListeningComprehension（第1-10題,每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionyouwilltenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersondecidewhichisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveA.Apostwoman. B.Ateacher. C.Ajournalist. D.Alibrarian.A.Onaplane. B.Onatrain. C.Atarestaurant. D.Atatravelagency.A.5minutes. B.10minutes. C.15minutes. D.20minutes.4.A.Hespendstoomuchmoney. B.HeshouldwatchmoreTV.C.HeactuallylikeswatchingTV. D.Heboughtanexpensivewatch.5.A.Thewomanshouldgetanewwatch.B.Thewomanneedstobuyanotherbattery.C.Heknowswhatiswrongwiththewatch.D.Thestorecanprobablyfixthewoman’swatch.6.A.Heshouldworkinthesummerschool.B.Heshouldn'tgotoNewYorkinthesummer.C.Hemaynotwanttodoso.D.Hemayhavedifficultyindoingso.7.A.Spendmoretimeonthecourse.B.Turntothegraduateassistantforhelp.C.Dropthecourseassoonaspossible.D.Helpthegraduateassistantwiththecourse.8.A.Theyshouldbuyalotofcoffee.B.Thesupermarketisn’tgoingtobeclosed.Coffeeisoutofstockinthesupermarket.D.Theyshouldwaitforabetterdealoncoffee.9.A.Thefinalexam. B.Alawschool.C.Areferenceletter. D.Thedepartmentpolicy.10.A.Hewasn'tabletofindaseatthere.B.Hehadtowaitalongtimeforaseatthere.C.Theseatsthereareuncomfortable.D.Itprovidesreadingmaterialsforcustomers.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingnews.11.A.2. B.18. C.About125. D.Over1,300.12.A.Helpinggooduniversitiestoenrollmorestudents.B.Gettingmorefinancialsupportfromforeignstudents.C.EncouragingmoreforeignstudentstotravelaroundtheUK.D.AttractingmoreexcellentforeignstudentstoworkinBritain.13.A.HevotedforDonaldTrump. B.Hedidnotvoteinthepresidentialelection.C.Hemadeapoliticalspeechintheconcert.D.Hesangforonly40minutesintheconcert.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theycanplaymanykindsofgameswithsnow.B.Theycanseethebeautifulsceneryoffallingsnow.C.Theycanhaveseveraldaysofffromschoolifitsnows.D.Theycanenjoysteaminghotchocolateonasnowyday.15.A.Thebuildingofsnowmenforchildren. B.Theremovalofsnowofftheirdriveway.C.Thespreadofsaltmixedwithsand. D.Thelowtemperaturethatsnowbrings.16.A.Rareandexciting. B.Dangerousandchallenging.C.Unusualbutdisappointing. D.Troublesomebutinteresting.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Itencourageswiseconsumption. B.Itisimpossibletobestolen.C.Itmakesiteasiertopayoffdebt. D.Itcanbeusedinanemergency.18.A.Itmakespeoplefeelsafer. B.Itpreventspeoplefromoverspending.C.Itenablespeopletogetthingscheaper. D.Ithelpspeopleknowmoreaboutmoney.19.A.Doingsomeshopping. B.Doingsomereading.C.Openinganaccount. D.Takingalesson.20.A.Shopownersprefercashtocreditcards.B.Thewomanpayspartofhisbilleachmonth.C.Mostpeopledon’tchoosetousecreditcards.D.Themanwasn’tpersuadedbythewomanatlast.II.GrammarandVocabulary（每題1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.IsClimateChangeConsumingYourFavoriteFoods?Duetoclimatechange,theworld’sendangeredlistsarenolongerjustforanimals.Wemaynotonlyneedtoadaptourselvestolivinginawarmerworldbuta1(tasty)oneaswell.Astheincreasedamountofcarbondioxideintheairlinkedtoglobalwarming2(continue)toaffectweather,weoftenforgetthattheyarealsoimpactingthequantity,thequality,andthegrowinglocationsofourfood.Somefoodshavealreadyfelttheimpactwhile3mayevenbecomescarcewithinthenext30years.Whetherornotyoutrytolimityourself4onecupofcoffeeaday,theeffectsofclimatechangeontheworld'scoffee-growingregionsmayleaveyoulittlechoice.RisingtemperaturesandunpredictablerainfallpatternsarereportedtohavebeenthreateningcoffeeplantationsinSouthAmerica,Africa,Asia,andHawaii.Theresult?Significantcutsincoffeeyield.AccordingtoorganizationslikeAustralia'sClimateInstitute,halfofthepresentcoffee-producingareas5(estimate)nottobesuitablebytheyear2050,ifcurrentclimatepatternscontinue.Withtemperaturescontinuouslyrising,oceansareabsorbingsomeoftheheatandundergoingwarmingoftheirown,6(cause)adeclineinfishpopulation,includinginlobstersthatarecold-bloodedcreatures,andinsalmons(鮭魚(yú))7eggsfindithardtosurviveinhigherwatertemperatures.Warmerwatersalsoencouragesomepoisonousmarinebacteriatogrowandleadtoillnessinhumanswhenever8(take)withrawseafood,likeoysters.Andhowaboutthatsatisfying“crack”whichyougetwhenyouareeatingcrabsandlobsters?Itcouldbesilenced9shellfishhavebeenstrugglingtobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)shells,whichisaresultofoceanacidification.Evenworseisthepossibility10wewillhavenoseafoodtoenjoyatall.Ina2006DalhousieUniversitystudy,scientistspredictedthatifover-fishingandrisingtemperaturetrendscontinuedattheirpresentrate,theworld'sseafoodstockswouldrunoutbytheyear2050.SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA．literallyB．barrierC．EventuallyD．findE.examinesF.featuresG.innovationsH.meanI.professionalJ.strikingK.well-positionedTheBestCompanytoWorkForEveryyear,Fortunemagazinepublishedalistofthe‘100BestCompaniestoWorkFor’.Howdoesthemagazinechoosethecompanies?Firstly,itusesasurvey:350employeesanswer57questionsabouttheircompany.Secondly,Fortunelooksatimportant11ofcompanies:forexample,pay,benefits,andcommunicationbetweenworkersandmanagement.Finally,themagazine12theresultstofinditsTop100.WegmansFoodMarkets,whichranksNo.1onthelist,hasamotto(座右銘),‘Employeesfirst,customerssecond’,anditisalsooneofthe50largestprivatecompaniesintheUS,withannualsalesof$3.6billion,accordingtoForbesmagazine.Apparently,beinggoodtoyouremployeesisno13tomakingmoney.HowmuchofWegmans’successisduetothecompany’spolicies?‘Uptoapoint,thesuccessisbecauseofthefreedomtheygiveus,’saysoneemployee.‘Ontheotherhand,nocompanygetsrichjustbynotbeing14toitsemployees.Wegmanshasgreatmarketingstrategiesandit’s15withinthecommunity.I’vebeenherefor15years.Lookingback,I’dsaythatthecompany’s16forcustomers,suchastheShoppers’Clubelectronicdiscountprogrammeinthe1990s,havebeenjustasimportantasthebenefitstostaff.’Buttheemployeebenefitsare17.Fundamentally,Wegmansbelievesin18development.Aswellasscholarships,thecompanygivesitsemployeesbusinessopportunities.Foryears,oneemployeemadedeliciouscookiesforhercolleagues.19,shestartedsellingthecookiesinWegmans.‘Ijustaskedthemanager,’shesays.‘Whilelookingback,Ithinkshouldhaveaskedearlier.Icouldhavemademoremoney!’Thestaff’sfreedomtomakedecisionsisanotherthingyouwon’t20everywhere.Essentially,Wegmanswantsitsworkerstodoalmostanythingtopleasethecustomers.Believeitornot,anemployeeoncecookedaThanksgivingturkeyinthestoreforacustomerbecausethewoman’sturkey,boughtinWegmans,wastoobigforheroven.III.ReadingComprehension(共45分。41-45每題1分；56-70每題2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextToDreamlandWithStuffedAnimalsIhavealwaysenviedpeoplewhocansliprightintosleep.Bedtimeis21calmforme.JustwhenIwishIcould22off,Ifindmyselfupagainstanxiousthoughts.Countingsheepisnomatchformymind’snightlychurn,buthuggingoneis.I23thehabitofsleepingwithstuffedanimalsintheearlydaysofthepandemic,whenIgrabbedapolarbearfrommychildhoodbedroomto24badnewsandfear.Ihadneverbeenparticularlyattachedtohimasakid,buthewastheperfectsizetoholdinmy25adultarms.AlthoughIcan’tbesurehowcommonthisis,I’mprobablynotalone.Ina2017surveyofU.S.adults,40percentofrespondentssaidthattheystillsleptwithstuffedanimals.SinceIrediscoveredthatpolarbear,Ihavesettledinto26acastofchildhoodfavoritesandalightlyweighted,heatableWarmiescowIboughtformyself.ItisperhapsnosurprisethatIturnedtostuffedanimalsduringaperiodof27stress.MaxGenecovattheUniversityofPennsylvaniapointedoutthatstuffedanimalscanbe“transitionalobjects.”Thispsychologicaltermisoftenusedwithregardtochildrenforanitemthatprovidescomfortduringtimesofanxietyorchange.Companieshavealsotakennoteofadults’childlike28inthisregardandareintegratingtheseideasintotheirmarketingofthingsthatcanhelpadultssleep.Ifallofthisseemsratherchildish,itis!Kidslovestuffedanimalsbecausethey’recozyandjustpersonifiedenoughtoprovideabitof29comfort.That’sagreatwayforkidstoself-soothe.Weadultscandothesamething.JenniferGoldschmied,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryattheHospitaloftheUniversityofPennsylvania,toldmewhenpeoplegotosleep,self-soothingreduces“cognitivearousal,”thetypeofactivethinkingthat30aperson’swakinghours.Whileitisamyththatthehumanbrainshutsoffforsleep,peoplestillhavetoenteramorerelaxedmindsettodriftoff.31,theactofhugginghasalsobeenassociatedwithstressrelief.Astudyfoundthat32ahuggablecommunicationdeviceloweredstresshormones(激素)inbloodandsaliva(唾液).Maybethat’swhyIreachedforthatpolarbearduringastressfultime.Stuffedanimalshaveimprovedmysleepinthelongtermbyestablishingacalmingbedtimeroutine,whichGoldschmiedemphasizedis“probablythesinglemostimportantthingingettingabetternightofsleep.”O(jiān)vertime,thebrainwillcometoexpectthatperformingtheseritualscanhelp33thebodyintoarestfulstate.Inmycase,puttingdownmybookorphoneandpickingupmystuffedanimalcreatesa34betweensleepandotheractivities,promptingmetounwind.Ican’tendwithaspecificstuffedanimaltorecommend,oranyguarantees,butIcanextendtoyoumypermissionto35insomechildlikecomfort.Whicheveroneyouchoose,youmightendupwithonlyapieceofcutedecor,butyoumightalsoreintroduceabitofjoy,gentleness,andcomforttoyournightlyroutine.Eitherway,don’tforgettowashthem!21．A．sometimes B．rarely C．often D．usually22．A．wipe B．switch C．drift D．take23．A．rediscovered B．a(chǎn)voided C．forgot D．ignored24．A．bounceoff B．makeup C．wardoff D．putup25．A．strong B．mature C．fruitful D．a(chǎn)nxious26．A．rotating B．inventing C．creating D．featuring27．A．a(chǎn)ccelerated B．reduced C．boomed D．heightened28．A．memories B．tendencies C．communications D．medications29．A．individual B．economical C．political D．social30．A．decreases B．occupies C．dominates D．enriches31．A．Inaddition B．However C．Thus D．Meanwhile32．A．participatingin B．takingcareof C．beingfamiliarwith D．interactingwith33．A．translate B．transition C．transmit D．transfer34．A．connection B．habit C．boundary D．example35．A．indulge B．immerse C．dive D．pushSectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread. (A)Whenaskedin1993tocommentonaccusationsthatthemovieIntheNameoftheFatherdistorts（曲解）contemporaryBritishandIrishhistory,femaleleadEmmaThompsonrespondedthatshecouldn'tcareless.Evensincethepremiere（首映）in1915ofTheBirthofaNation,filmmakershaverewrittenhistorytocreatetop-dollarentertainment.Thefilmsareverypersuasive:well-mademoviesholdyourinterestcontinuously,drawingyourattentionto“whathappensnext,”andpullingyouforwardwithnotimetoreflectonindividualscenesuntilthefinalcreditsroll.Theresult:youdon'tremembermuchaboutamovieafterwatchingitforthefirsttime.Forthisreason,movieshaveextraordinarypower-unmatchedbyanyothermedium-toleaveyouwithastrongsenseofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong,whoisbadandwhoisgood,eventhoughcriticaldetailspresentedinthemoviesmaybefalse.Well,sowhat?They'rejustmovies.Infactthey'renotjustmovies.MillionsofAmericansaredevotedhistorylovers,andtheypacktheatreseverytimenewmoviesabouthistoricalfiguresoreventscometotown.SavingprivateRyanandTitanicdrewviewersandcashformonths.Manyhighschoolteachersscreenmoviesintheclassroom.ClearlycountlessAmericansgetmostoftheirhistoryfromtelevisionandthebigscreen.Someoftheindustry'sfinesthistoricalandperiodfilmspremieredduringthepastdecades.Butthe1960salsosawanumberofpoliticallychargedhistory-basedmoviesfulloffactualdistortionsand,occasionally,outrightlies.Todaythetrendcontinuesonalargerscale:manymoviesreleasedinthe1990sandthefirstdecadeofthe21*tcenturyreflectlackofrespectforsolid,reliablehistory.HistoryGoestotheMoviesisasourceofinformationand,itishoped,entertainmentforeveryoneinterestedintheactualhistorybehindawideselectionofmoviesgroupedintotwelvesections--11coveringhistoricalperiodsandeventsandtwelfthcontainingbiographiesandperiodfilms.Eachmoviereviewincludesanessayonthehistorycoveredinoneormoremovies,andabriefplotsummary.Starratings(fivestars:don'tmissit)reflecteachmovie'shistoricalaccuracyand-toamuchlesserextentitspowertoamuse.Obviously,expectingtextbookaccuracyfrommovieswouldberidiculous-andproducershavedeliveredaremarkablenumberofhistoricallyfaithfulmovies.Butsomeofthemgettoomuchoftheirhistorywrong.HistoryGoestotheMoviesisaguide,howeverimperfect,forreadersandviewersaimingtogetitright.36．EmmaThompsonsaid________thatIntheNameoftheFatherwashistoricallyinaccurate.A．itdidn'tmatter. B．itwasupsetting.C．Itarousedherattention. D．itwasn'tobvious.37．By“infactthey'renotjustmovies”(inparagraph2),theauthormeansthat________.A．somemoviesaremuchmoreprofitablethanothersB．moviesservemorepurposesthanentertainingviewsC．moviestendtoprovideviewerswithfalsedetailsD．themoviesabouthistoricalfiguresattracthistorylovers38．WhichofthefollowingistrueofHistoryGoestotheMovies?A．Itisaimedatthosewhotakeinterestinbiographies.B．Itratesamoviemainlyaccordingtohowamusingitis.C．Itintroducesamovie'sstoryaswellasitsrelatedhistory.D．Itfocusesonthemoviesthatpresentedhistoryinafunnyway.39．Thepassageismainlyintendedto________.A．criticizethefilmindustry'sfavoringentertainmentovertruthB．pointoutwhichfilmspresentedhistoryinawrongway.C．callonfilmdirectorstoshowrespectforhistoryD．introduceabookinvolvinghistory-basedfilms (B)Theinformation,sentences,orquestionsthatyouenterintoaGenerativeAI(GenAI)tool(“prompts”)areabiginfluenceonthequalityofoutputsyoureceive.Afteryouenteraprompt,theAImodelanalyzesyourinputandgeneratesaresponsebasedonthepatternsithaslearnedthroughitstraining.Moredescriptivepromptscanimprovethequalityoftheoutputs.It’sveryimportanttokeepinmindthatAI-generatedcontentcanbeinaccurate,misleading,entirelyfabricated,oroffensive,sobesuretocarefullyreviewanyworkcontainingAIcontentbeforeyouuseorpublishit.AbuseofGenAIisaseriousformofacademicmisconductandcanbepunishedbyexpulsion(開(kāi)除)fromtheUniversity.BespecificGenericpromptslike“Writeastory”willproducegenericresults.Whatkindofstorydoyouwant?Whatgenre?Isitforadultsorchildren?Addingthistypeofcontextandbeingspecific,clear,andconcisewillhelpgeneratemoreusefuloutputs.Morespecificitycanalsolimitthechancesofinaccurateresponses.“Actasif…”AskingtheAItobehaveasifwereatypeofperson,process,orobjectcanbeaneasywaytostartgeneratingbetterprompts.TheAIwillattempttoemulatethatroleandtailoritsanswersaccordingly.Forexample,imagineyouwantedhelpcreatearecipebasedontheingredientsyouhaveinyourkitchen.Ifyouadded“actasifyouaremypersonaltrainer”first,theAIwillconsiderthiscontextinitsresponse,suggestingahealthyrecipeoramealdesignedtorefuelafteraworkout.____________________GenerativeAIcanproducemanydifferenttypesofoutputs,includingcode,stories,reports,summaries,dialogue,businesscommunications,andmuchmore.Beingspecificaboutthetypeofoutputyouwantwillproducebetterresults.Afterdescribingwhatyouwant,tryadding“Presentthisintheformof…”andyourpreferredoutput.Orstartyourpromptwith,“Createa[formatofoutput]about/thatcontains…”etc.40．Thispassageisfoundinauniversity’sguidelinewebpage.WhatmayNOTbefoundthere?A．CoreprinciplesforresponsibleGenAIuse.B．RestrictionsontheusageofGenAI.C．Varioussamplesofwell-structuredprompts.D．GuidestowritingessayswithGenAI.41．Whichofthefollowingsubtitlescanbefilledinblank?A．ConsidertoneandaudienceB．TellithowyouwantyouroutputtobepresentedC．AskittocreateyourpromptsorwhatelseitneedsfromyouD．Correctmistakesandgivefeedback42．Supposeyou’retheleaderoftheschoolbasketballteam.Youaregoingtodeliveraspeechabouttheimportanceofsportsthroughsharingyourpersonalexperience.WhichofthefollowingpromptsisthemostproperwhenusingGenAI?A．Composeamotivationalbasketballteamspeechsharingpersonaljourneyandadvocatingexercise.B．Writeanarticleabouttheessenceofbasketball,citingseveralstoriesoffamousstars.C．Discussadvantagesofdoingsports,specificallybasketball,withreferencetoliterature.D．Makeupastoryaboutone’sexperienceinbasketball,showingtheimportanceofsports. (C)Oneevening,athome.You’resittingcomfortablyonthesofa,watchingyourfavoriteTvshow.Anadcomesup,showingaburgerinitsfullgloryandonepersonenjoyingit.Youthinktoyourselfthatyourdietisabouttotakeabit.Butwebegtodiffer.Inaseriesofstudies,wefoundadvertisementsshowingpeopleeatingjunkfoodpromptedpeopleonadiettoeatless.Whilethismayseemcounterintuitive(反直覺(jué)的),thesefindingsareinlinewithpreviousresearchonmentalimagery.Recentstudiesshowmerelyimaginingourselvescarryingoutactionsorexperiencingemotionsactivatessimilarneuralnetworks(神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò))tothoselinkedwiththeiractualperformanceorexperience.Theimagesweareexposedtothroughoutourlivesholdthepowertoshapeourexperiencestoaremarkabledegree.Accordingtoneuroimagestudies,themeresightofsomeonebeinghitbyahammerwillfireuptheneuralnetworksinourbrainthatareassociatedwithpain.Asaresult,theseimageswilltrigger(引發(fā))emotionsandbehaviorconsistentwithfeelingsofpain.Sucheffectsalsoextendtofoodconsumption.Thefieldofconsumptionimageryreferstorichimagesoffoodconsumption—forexample,anadshowingtheclose-upofapizzaandsomeoneeatingit.Somestudieshaveevenindicatedconsumptionimagerycouldcausepeopletowronglyrecallhavingeatenthefoodondisplay.Thisisimportantbecausesimplythinkingthatwehaveeatensomethingcanmakeusfeelfull.Weinvited132dietingstudentsatourlabtowatchanad.HalfofthemsawanM&M’sadvertisementfullofconsumptionimagery:sweets,colors,andapersoneatingthem.Theotherhalfofthestudentssawanadwithtwoanimated(動(dòng)畫(huà)的)M&M’satasupermarketcashregister,withnoconsumptionimagery.Wethengaveeachstudenta70gcupofM&M’sandaskedthemtoeattotheirheart’scontent.Amongthestudents,thosewhosawtheM&M’sadvertisementcontainingconsumptionimageryatefewersweetsthanthosewhosawtheadwithout.Inthenextstudy,wetestedwhetherwecouldusethesefindingstopromotehealthyeating.Wedesignedfouradsandeachparticipantwasrandomlyselectedtoviewoneofthefourads.PeoplewhoviewedtheadrequiringthemtoimaginethemselveswolfingdowntheFrenchfriesindicatedadesiretoeatfewerchipsthanthosewhowereexposedtotheFrenchfriesadwithoutconsumptionimagery.ThosewhohadimaginedthemselveseatinganappleweremorelikelytosuccumbtothepotatochipsthanthosewhohadvisualizedthemselveseatingtheFrenchfries.Theseresultsgoagainstthegrainofcurrentpublicpracticesthataimtopromotehealthyeatingbyrelyingonimagesofnutritiousfoods.However,ourresearchindicatesthathealthyeatingcampaignsshouldincludetheconsumptionofunhealthyfood.43．Thinkingthatwehaveeatensomethingcanmakeusfeelfullbecause___________.A．theimagesholdthepowertoincreasethesharpnessofoursensesB．itactivatesneuralnetworkssimilartothoselinkedwithactualeatingC．theconsumptionimagerymakesusrecallhavingeatenthefoodondisplayD．itisinlinewiththepreviousresearchintohowimageryaffectseatinghabits44．WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromtheexperimentwithM&Mchocolates?A．Animatedimagesintheadvertisementmaydiscourageconsumption.B．Themoreinvitingthefoodintheadis,themoretheviewerswilleat.C．Advertisementswithconsumptionimagerypromptviewerstoeatless.D．Whereweseetheadvertisementismoreimportantthanwhatweseeinit.45．Thephrase“succumbto”(inparagraph10)isclosestinmeaningto___________.A．givewayto B．beaddictedtoC．faceupto D．beresistantto46．Whichofthefollowingpracticescontributestodevelopinghealthyeatinghabits?A．Wolfingdownjunkfood. B．Imaginingeatinganappleaday.C．Sayingnotograin. D．Watchingotherseatingjunkfood.SectionCDirections:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesintheboxEachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Sexdifferenceinsportsinterest:Whatdoesevolutionsay?

Sportsareenormouslypopular,andonestrikingpatternisthatboysandmenaretypicallymuchmoreinvolvedthanaregirlsandwomen.Thissexdifferencehaspolicyimplications,anditraisesfundamentalquestionsaboutthenatureofsexdifferences.ArecentreviewarticlebyDeaner,Balish,andLombardo(2016),publishedinEvolutionaryBehavioralSciences,analyzestherelevanttheoreticalwork.

First,theauthorsdemonstratedthatfemales’under-representationinsport—bothasparticipantsandspectators—generallyreflectstheirlessersportsinterest,notmerelyfeweropportunitiesforinvolvement.Moreover,thissexdifferenceoccursinallsocietiesdescribedthusfar,fromhuntersandgathererstolargecontemporarysocieties.47.

Next,theauthorsexploredadaptive,functionalhypotheses(假設(shè))forsports.Onehypothesisholdsthatindividualscompeteinsportstogainstatusandthatnon-participantsmonitorsportsperformancessotheycanevaluatepotentialcompetitorsandallies.48.Anotherhypothesisisthatsportsserveascourtshipdisplaysthatadvertiseparticipantqualitytotheoppositesex.Thishypothesiseffectivelyexplaissomeaspectsoffemale’ssportsinterest.

49.Althoughitisoftenassumedthatsocializationpracticesentirelycausethissexdifference,theevidencethatsocializationplaysaroleremainsdoubtful.Inparticular,nosystematichistoricalcomparisonhasevershownadecreaseinthesexdifference.Moreover,severalstudiesindicatethatinbornhormonescontributetomales’greatersportsinterest.

Thepointsfromthisreviewarethatthesexdifferenceinsportsinterestiswidespread,partlyduetoevolutionarypressuresthatdifferentiallyaffectedmalesandfemales,andunlikelytobefullyoverturnedbysocialization.50.Mostnotably,TitleIXisaU.S.lawthatprohibitssexualdiscriminationineducationalopportunities,includingsports,andTitleIXisgenerallyimplementedundertheassumptionthatfemales’sportsinterestisinherentlyequaltothatofmales.Thepresentresearchindicatesthatthisimplementationmayrequirerevision.A．Theevidenceindicatesthatthishypothesisapplieschieflytomales.B．ThesepointsofviewarewidelyacceptedbytheU.S.lawmakers.C．Finally,theauthorsexaminedthepossiblecausesforthesexdifferenceinsportsinterest.D．Forexample,ineverysociety,malesparticipateinsportsatleasttwiceasmuchasfemalesintermsoffrequencyorduration.E．Thesepointschallengethebedrockassumptionsofmanyscholarsandpolicymakers.F．However,howcanweaddresstheissuefromabroad,evolutionaryperspective?IV.SummaryWriting51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IntermittentFasting:ANewApproachtoHealthandLongevity