PAGE2/2【名師原創(chuàng)】：Unit4易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析●leadto;cause(vt)【教材原句】Confuciussaidthatlearningwithoutunderstandingleadstoconfusion.(教材P38)【辨析】兩者都有“導(dǎo)致，引起”的意思，在這種意思前提下，一般可以互換，但是在其它意思上有一定區(qū)別。leadto….意思是“導(dǎo)致，引起；通向”，導(dǎo)致的后果可好可壞也可以是中性的，to是介詞，后面一般接名詞。溫馨提示：=1\*GB3①leadsb./sth.todosth.引起某人/某物做某事=2\*GB3②leadsb./sth.to/into+地點(diǎn)把某人/某物領(lǐng)到某地/進(jìn)入某地cause意思是“導(dǎo)致，引起”，一般導(dǎo)致的是壞的結(jié)果。也可以構(gòu)成詞組causesb./sth.todosth.意思是“引起/導(dǎo)致某人或某物做某事”。溫馨提示：指壞的結(jié)果時(shí)，兩者可以互換；做“通向”講時(shí)，不可互換?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Hehaswarnedthattheseriousriftswithinthecountrycouldleadtocivilwar.他已經(jīng)發(fā)出了警告，國家內(nèi)部嚴(yán)重的不和可能會(huì)引發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。Strainingtoliftheavyweightscanleadtoariseinbloodpressure.用力提重物會(huì)導(dǎo)致血壓升高。Heagreedthatthesepolicieswillleadtogridlockinthefuture.他認(rèn)為這些政策將來會(huì)導(dǎo)致僵局。Tamperingwithasingleenzymecanleadtountowardeffectselsewhere.破壞一種酶可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在別處出現(xiàn)異常。Therearerecognizedblackspotsinmarriageswhichcanleadtotrouble婚姻中有一些公認(rèn)的容易引發(fā)問題的雷區(qū)。Soheadnorthwestuntilyoufindariverwhichshouldleadtothecoast.一直向西北方向走，直到你發(fā)現(xiàn)一條小河，這條小河通向海岸。Repairsandimprovementscanleadtohigherrentalrates.修繕后可以提高租價(jià)。Firehascausedseveredamagetothecontentsofthebuilding.大火導(dǎo)致那棟大樓里的東西嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀。Acombinationofinternalandexternalfactorscausedthecompanytoclosedown.內(nèi)外因結(jié)合導(dǎo)致了公司的倒閉。Thedrugmaycauseanaggravationofthecondition.這種藥可能導(dǎo)致病情惡化。Thediseasecancausesterilityinmenandwomen.這種疾病可能導(dǎo)致男女不育。Heavysnowhascausedtotalchaosontheroads.大雪導(dǎo)致道路上交通一片混亂。Anxietycanbecausedbylackofsleep.睡眠不足可能導(dǎo)致焦慮。Researchersarestilltryingtoisolatethegenethatcausesthisabnormality.研究人員仍然在試圖分離導(dǎo)致這種畸形的基因。【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】根據(jù)leadto和cause的用法,用其適當(dāng)形式填空1.Afaultyconnection_______themachinetostopthatday.2.Ifyoustringtheseexperiencestogether,youcanfindanewliferoadwill______yourfuture.3.Thepoorharvest________pricestorisesharplyduringthosedays.4.Hestillbelievedthathonestyandindustrywould______success.5.Vitamindeficiencyinthedietcan________illness.6.Excuseme,doesthisroad_______therailwaystation?7.Heavyseascan_______cancellationofferryservices.8.Therewerefearsthatprivatizationwould_______joblosses.9.Defeatcould_______onesidetoescalatetheconflict.10.Abusecan_______bothpsychologicalandemotionalproblems.11.Strongcoffeeortealateatnightmay_______sleeplessness12.Apoordietwillultimately________illness.13.Generally,alackofmagnesium_______musclestogointospasm.14.Excessivedrinkingcan________stomachdisorders.15.Initspresentform,thelawcould_______newinjustices.【參考答案】1.caused;2.leadto;3.caused;4.leadto;5.leadto/cause;6.leadto;7.leadto/cause;8.cause/leadto;9.cause;10.cause/leadto;11.leadto/cause;12.cause/leadto;13.causes;14.cause/leadto;15.cause/leadto●information;message【教材原句】Wecangetthemostupdatedinformationfromlargedatabases.(教材P28)【辨析】兩者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的區(qū)別。information意思是“信息、消息、情報(bào)、資料、資訊，通知”，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不能直接加不定冠詞“an”；“一條信息”的表達(dá)為：apieceofinformation/anitemofinformation/anarticleofinformation或者someinformation?！霸S多信息”是manypiecesof

information，還有：asourceofinformation消息來源；collect/gather/obtain/receiveinformation收集/搜集/獲取/接收信息；provide/give/passoninformation提供/給予/傳遞信息.也可作“知識”解,其后常接介詞on/about/concerning等。message意思是“（書面或口頭的）信息、留言，消息、電郵（或手機(jī)）信息、（書籍、演講的）要點(diǎn)”，為可數(shù)名詞，也可以做及物動(dòng)詞，表示“向（某人）傳送（電子信息）”的意思?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Furtherinformationisavailablefromthelocaltouristoffice.進(jìn)一步詳情可向當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜无k事處查詢。Theconferenceisagoodplacetoshareinformationandexchangeideas.研討會(huì)是互通信息、交流思想的好場所。Theinformationisprocessedinarandomorder.信息是按隨機(jī)順序處理的。Theyquestionedtheaccuracyoftheinformationinthefile.他們懷疑檔案中信息的正確性。It'salotofinformationtoabsorballatonce.要一下子消化這么多資料，真是很難。Themessageiscomingthroughloudandclear.消息傳達(dá)得清楚明白。Amessageisjustcomingthrough.剛有消息傳來。Woulditbepossibleformetoleaveamessageforher?我可以給她留個(gè)話兒嗎？Whatsortofmessageisthatsendingtoyoungpeople?這給年輕人傳達(dá)的是什么樣的信息呢？Peoplewhomessagesomeonealotfeelunpopulariftheydon'tgetmanyback.如果人們發(fā)出大量短信但收到的回復(fù)卻不多，就會(huì)覺得自己不受歡迎?！究键c(diǎn)過關(guān)】根據(jù)information和message的用法填空1.Patrefusedtogiveherany________aboutSarah.2.Igota_______youweretryingtoreachme.3.Herefusedtocommentbeforealltherelevant________wasseen.4.Therewereno________formeatthehotel.5.Sofarfurther________hasnotbeenprovided.6.We'vehadanurgent________sayingthatyourfather'sill.7.Severalpeoplecameforwardwithmuch_________.8.Therewerefour________inmyinbox.9.Inordertogetacompletepicture,further_______isneeded.10.LastnightJack_______metotellthathehadcaughtabadcold.【參考答案】1.information;2.message;3.information;4.messages;5.information;6.message;7.information;8.messages;9.information;10.messaged●puzzle;confuse【教材原句】TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(教材P40)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.(教材P40)【辨析】兩者都有“困惑”的意思，此時(shí)可以換用，但其它方面有一定的區(qū)別。confuse表示“因?yàn)榘褍蓚€(gè)或多個(gè)事物或問題混淆而使頭腦糊涂混亂”,強(qiáng)調(diào)混淆不清，往往暫時(shí)的情況,造成沒法清楚地思維或理智地行動(dòng)。一般作及物動(dòng)詞,后接名詞或代詞作賓語;也可與介詞with連用,表示“把…與…弄混”。puzzle表示“行為情況、問題或某種現(xiàn)象錯(cuò)宗復(fù)雜,使人感到困惑傷腦筋”，因而不知道該怎么解決。一般作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作名詞，表示“難題，字謎，疑慮，謎團(tuán)”等。【例句呈現(xiàn)】Don'tconfuselibertywithlicense.不要把自由與放縱混為一談。Theyaskedmesomanyquestionsthattheyconfusedme.他們問了我那么多的問題都把我搞迷糊了.Ioftenconfuseyouandyourbrother.我常把你和你哥哥弄錯(cuò)了。Peopleareapttoconfusethetwoissues.人們?nèi)菀装堰@兩個(gè)問題混淆起來。Ifweconfusethesethreelevels,wewillnotthinkclearly.如果我們混淆了這三個(gè)等級，我們便不會(huì)清晰地思考。Mywordssurprisedandconfused/puzzledhim.我的話使他驚訝且迷惑。Whatyousaidjustnowconfused/puzzledme.你剛才說的話使我很困惑。Thefindleftarchaeologistswithapuzzle.這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)給考古學(xué)家留下了一個(gè)謎團(tuán)。Willyouhelpmetosolvethispuzzle?你能幫助我解決這個(gè)難題嗎?Hesatfrowningoveracrosswordpuzzle.他坐著皺著眉頭在思考縱橫字謎。Shecouldnotgetthepuzzleoutofhermind.她無法解開心中的疑慮。Hisquestionpuzzledme.他的問題使我迷惑不解。Whathedidpuzzledmegreatly.他的作為使我深感迷惑不解?！究键c(diǎn)過關(guān)】根據(jù)confuse,puzzle意義及用法填空1.Ialwaysconfusemyleftwithmyright.2.Herdecisionwasa_______tohim.3.Don'tconfuseAustriawithAustralia.4.Ihaveinmindsomedoubtswhichreally________me.5.I'veneverbeenableto_______herout.6.Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadership_______action.7.Theriskscanbesocomplexthatbankshiremathematiciansto_______themout.8.Donotconfuseeverthetangentialacceleration,whichisalongthecircumference,________centripetalacceleration.9.Heisina________aboutthematter.10.Shewascompletely_______(confuse)bythesetwoquestions.【參考答案】1.with;2.puzzle;3.with;4.puzzle;5.puzzle;6.with;7.puzzle;8.with;9.puzzle;10.confused.●include;contain【教材原句】Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.(教材P40)Hasthewriterincludedsensorydetails?(教材P45)【辨析】兩者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定區(qū)別。include表示“包括，包含，包括….在內(nèi)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)被包括者是整體的一部分。include后面接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞；被包括部分放在include后面時(shí)，include用-ing形式，放在前面時(shí)，include用-ed形式contain表示“包含，含有，裝有，容納”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“內(nèi)含（….成分），裝有（….東西）”?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Yourdutieswillincludesettingupanewcomputersystem.你的職責(zé)將包括建立一個(gè)新的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng).I'vegotthreedays'holidayincludingNewYear'sDay.包括元旦在內(nèi)我有三天假。ThemoviewonnineAcademyAwards,includingBestPicture.這部電影榮獲九項(xiàng)奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)，包括最佳影片獎(jiǎng)。Hotelaccommodationisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.你度假的價(jià)款包括旅館住宿在內(nèi)。Sixpeoplewerekilledintheriot,includingapoliceman.暴亂中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。Weallwent,meincluded.我們都去了，連我在內(nèi)。Thecommitteeincludesrepresentativesfromindustry.這個(gè)委員會(huì)包括產(chǎn)業(yè)界的代表。Localactivitiesincludewalking,boatingandgolf.當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)包括散步、劃船以及打高爾夫球。Theboxcontainsoldphotographsandsouvenirs.那盒子里放有舊照片和紀(jì)念品。Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.它含有一種可以防止蚊蟲叮咬的強(qiáng)效藥物。Thebottlecontainstwoglassesofbeer.這瓶子可裝兩杯啤酒。Thepillcontainsvitamins.這藥丸中含有多種維生素。【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】根據(jù)include,contain的用法用其適當(dāng)形式填空1.Itwasfoundthatherblood_______poison.2.Thecityhasdozensoffactories,_______apowerplantandasteelworks.3.Thisdrinkdoesn't________anyalcohol.4.Sixstudentswereplayingtabletennis,twogirls________.5.Theirdiet________alotoffatatpresent.6.I________applesonthelistofthingstobuytoday.7.Howmuchwaterdoesthisbottle________?8.Weallknowthatthisbook_________tenshortstories.9.Seawater_________plentyofsalt.10.Myunclehasalotofduties,_________takingcareofthesechildren.【參考答案】1.contained;2.including;3.contain;4.included;5.contains;6.include;7.contain;8.includes;9.contains;10.including●conquer;overcome【教材原句】TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.(教材P41)【辨析】兩者都有“戰(zhàn)勝”的意思，但其含義有一定區(qū)別。conquer意思是“征服，占領(lǐng)，攻占，克服”，賓語常常是國家、民族，自然界的客觀事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。overcome意思是“克服，解決，戰(zhàn)勝”，賓語常常是困難、問題、障礙等。溫馨提示：兩者都可指戰(zhàn)勝對手，消除或克服差異，克服或戰(zhàn)勝心理方面的問題，如，恐懼，悲傷，焦慮等，這時(shí)兩者可換用?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Sheovercame/conqueredhernaturaldiffidenceandspokewithgreatfrankness.她克服了膽怯的毛病，非常坦率地說出了自己的想法。Thetwopartiesmanagedtoovercome/conquertheirdifferencesontheissue.兩個(gè)政黨設(shè)法彌合了在這個(gè)問題上的分歧。Sheovercame/conqueredinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.她戰(zhàn)勝了傷痛，贏得了奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌。Shewastryingtoovercome/conquerherphysicalrepugnanceforhim.她努力克制對他非常強(qiáng)烈的反感。InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercame/conqueredFrance.在決賽中，瑞典隊(duì)輕松戰(zhàn)勝了法國隊(duì)。Sofar,wehavemanagedtoovercomealltheobstaclesthathavebeenplacedinourpath.至此，我們已設(shè)法排除了設(shè)置在道路上的一切障礙。Findawaytoovercomeyourdifficulties.找出辦法戰(zhàn)勝困難。Ithenrealizedhowpossibleitwastoovercome/conqueryourlimitations.那時(shí)我才意識到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。Westernofficialssaytheproblemisminor,andshouldbequicklyovercome.西方官員稱這個(gè)問題并不嚴(yán)重，應(yīng)該很快就會(huì)解決。Iwouldovercome/conqueredanyweakness,anydespair,anyfear.我要克服所有的軟弱、絕望和恐懼。TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.諾爾曼人于1066年征服了英格蘭。MontBlancwasconqueredin1786.勃朗峰于1786年被征服?！究键c(diǎn)過關(guān)】根據(jù)overcome和conquer用法，用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Theworldchampion______yetanotherchallengerlastnight.2.ThenightbeforethetestI_______byfearanddespair3.I________mymoralscruplesatlast.4.Theyhadto_______formidableobstacles.5.During1936,Mussolini_______Abyssinia6.Humanbeingsarelearningto______allkindsofnaturaldisasters.7.TheSpanish_______theNewWorldinthesixteenthcentury.8.Sofar,we________theenemy.9.Whenwillscientists________thestars?10.Thelong-cherisheddreamof_________theHuangheRiverwillbecomeareality.11.Manwill________nature.12.Somethinggavemethestrength__________thedifficulty13.Tosucceed,youmustlearn________obstacles.14.EarlyintheeleventhcenturythewholeofEngland_______againbytheVikings.15.Inthewakeofdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology,manhasbecomemorecapableof_______nature.16.Thereisalwaysonething________another.【參考答案】1.conquered/overcame;2.wasovercome/conquered;3.overcame/conquered;4.overcome;5.conquered;6.conquer;7.conquered;8.haveconquered;9.conquer;10.conquering;11.conquer;12.toovercome;13.toovercome;14.wasconquered;15.conquering;16.toconquer/overcome●amount;quantity【教材原句】WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.(教材P42)【辨析】兩者都可以表示數(shù)量，但用法有區(qū)別。amount意思是“數(shù)量；數(shù)額；總數(shù)”，做動(dòng)詞是“達(dá)到，相當(dāng)，等同”的意思，常構(gòu)成以下短語：=1\*GB3①ahuge/largeamountof…./largeamountsof….大量，許多，后面一般接不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)amount來確定，如果amount是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；如果amount是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。=2\*GB3②amountto….達(dá)到；合計(jì)為；相當(dāng)于，等于quantity意思是“數(shù)量；大量”，常構(gòu)成以下短語：=1\*GB3①alargequantityof…./largequantitiesof……大量，后面既可以跟可數(shù)名詞，也可以跟不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定，如果quantity是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；如果quantity是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。=2\*GB3②inquantity=inlargequantities大量地【例句呈現(xiàn)】Thepolicefoundaquantityofdrugsathishome.警察在他家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量毒品。Itisusuallyeconomicaltobuywashingpowderinlargequantities.大量購買洗衣粉通常要省錢些。Alargequantityofdrugswasseizedduringtheraid.在這次突擊行動(dòng)中起獲了大量毒品。Aswoopbycustomsofficersnettedalargequantityofdrugs.海關(guān)人員突然襲擊，緝獲大量毒品。TheCustomshaveseizedlargequantitiesofsmuggledheroin.海關(guān)查獲了大量走私的海洛因。It'sjustverytimeconsumingtogetsuchalargequantityofdata.獲取如此大量的數(shù)據(jù)非常費(fèi)時(shí)。Moderncomputerscanorganizelargeamountsofdataveryquickly.現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)能迅速處理大量的信息資料。Thereisstillanimmenseamountofworktobedone.還有非常非常多的工作沒有做。Somewherealongthelinealargeamountofmoneywentmissing.有一筆巨款在某一環(huán)節(jié)上不翼而飛。Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教師和每個(gè)孩子溝通的時(shí)間有限。Thetankhadleakedasmallamountofwater.水箱滲漏出少量的水。Thetotalcollectionlastweekamountedto￡250.上周的募捐總額達(dá)250英鎊。【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】根據(jù)quantity和amount的用法填空。1.Alargequantityofairconditions________(sell)sincethesummercame.2.It'sapitythatlargequantitiesofwood______(waste)thatwayallovertheworld.3.There_______(be)alargequantityofraininthisarea.4.Whenyouaretravelling,don’tdisplaylarge_______ofcashtoothers.5.Alargequantityofcrops_________(destroy)bythehurricanelastweek.6.Largequantitiesofmilk_______(send)tothechildreninpoorareathedaybeforeyesterday.7.Largeamountsofmoney_______(spent)onbuildingthebridgelastyear.8.Theybuycotton_______quantity.9.There_______(be)onlyasmallamountoffood.10.Thevillagersplanteddifferentkindsoftrees_______largequantitiesonthehilllastyear.11.Myincomeforthatweekamounted________&112.12.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdesert_______(cover)thelandsofar.13.Keepingwhatbelongstoanother______(amount)tostealing.14.Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______(wash)awayeachyear.15.Hugequantitiesofoil________(ship)toJapanlastyear.【參考答案】1.havebeensold2.havebeenwasted;3.is;4.amounts/quantities;5.wasdestroyed;6.weresent;7.werespent;8.in;9.is;10.in;11.to;12.hascovered;13.amounts;14.arebeingwashed;15.wereshipped●seat；sit【教材原句】Davecouldnotfindaseatintheroom.(教材P46)LondonsitsupontheRiverThamesinthesoutheastofEngland.(教材P48)【辨析】兩者都有“坐”的意思，但用法有區(qū)別。seat除了作名詞表示“座位”外，也可以做及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“使…坐下；使（多少）人坐得下”。主語可以是人，也可以是地點(diǎn)。sit意思是“坐”，一般做不及物動(dòng)詞，sitaround的意思是“閑坐著”【例句呈現(xiàn)】Theoldmanseatedhimselfreadinganewspaperatadesk.這位老人坐在桌