新目標(biāo)八年級英語語法填空解題技巧語法填空口訣動(dòng)詞形、名詞數(shù)，代詞格、級形副，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)路，習(xí)慣用法要記住，邏輯關(guān)系連詞突，介詞、冠詞各占一空。中考英語語法填空，不論是單句填空還是短文填空，主要有兩種形式的空：用所給詞（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正確形式填空；無提示詞填空（prep、conj、art)。說白了，中考就考四道題：第一道題：動(dòng)詞變形題是指括號中給出了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，需要對該動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行形式變化才能符合句子要求的設(shè)題類型。此類設(shè)題主要有兩個(gè)角度，其中的一個(gè)角度就是考查動(dòng)詞的自身變化【動(dòng)詞的謂語形式(時(shí)、語態(tài)變化)及非謂語形式(動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞】；另一個(gè)角度是考查動(dòng)詞與名詞、形容詞、副詞的相互變化【構(gòu)詞法知識】；第二道題：名詞或代詞變形題名詞變形題指的是對所給名詞進(jìn)行自身變化（名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)、名詞變成名詞所有格）或者相互變化（名詞變形容詞、名詞變動(dòng)詞、名詞變副詞）【構(gòu)詞法知識】；代詞變形題主要考查代詞的格（主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞和反身代詞的相互變化。第三道題：形容詞或副詞變形題形容詞或副詞變形題主要考查它們的自身變化（級的變化：原級、比較級、最高級）或者相互變化（形容詞變副詞、形容詞變成動(dòng)詞、形容詞變成名詞、副詞變成形容詞）【構(gòu)詞法知識】；第四道題：無提示詞填空題無提示填空題是一種在不給提示詞的前提下，要求根據(jù)句意、句法或句子間邏輯關(guān)系而填空的設(shè)題。這里要填的主要是介詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞it、關(guān)系代詞/副詞。由于不給提示詞，實(shí)際上加大了解題的難度。解答此類題目（特別是要填的是連詞）時(shí)，首先要從句意上去考慮，看看句意是否通順連貫。然后從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上去考慮，看看所填句子是簡單句還是復(fù)合句，如果是復(fù)合句，就要考慮從句連接詞的選擇。最后從句子間的邏輯上考慮，選擇適合句子間邏輯關(guān)系的詞進(jìn)行填充。比如因果關(guān)系要考慮so,because等；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系要考慮but,though;并列關(guān)系要考慮and。如果是缺關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞，則要根據(jù)定語從句的句子成分來定奪。而要填的是介詞時(shí)，一定要關(guān)注空格前的動(dòng)詞是不是vi,是vi要考慮其搭配，更要考慮空格后的詞/短語的含義，選擇用合適的介詞。冠詞一般出現(xiàn)在名詞或名詞短語前，特別是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要考慮a/an。另外要注意習(xí)慣用法。中考語法填空題的解題步驟：讀首段首句，預(yù)猜文章大意；（若猜不出文章大意，就快速瀏覽全文）；邊讀邊認(rèn)邊填；（看要填的空有無提示詞，有，是哪些詞？用以上的方法去套用）重讀以檢查核對。動(dòng)詞形（謂語形式和非謂語形式)詞形填空自身變化名詞數(shù)（名詞變復(fù)數(shù)和所有格）代詞格（代詞主格、賓格、形容詞性語法主代詞、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞）級形副（形容詞、副詞的三級互變）填空相互變化nv.adjadv.nv.adj.)無提示詞填空(介詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞）下面我們以2021年浙江省杭州市英語中考試卷為例，講解如何做題：閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Allaroundtheworld,familiescelebratespecialdaystogether.Traditionsforthesedays51__________(be)verydifferent.Someofthemmaysurpriseyou.Familiesinmostcountrieshaveaspecialdaytocelebratemothers.InSerbia,thisdayison52__________secondSundaybeforeChristmas.Onthatday,childrensneak（溜）intotheir53____________（mother）bedroomandtieherfeetwithribbon（絲帶）sothatshecan'tgetoutofbed.Thentheyshout,"Mother'sDay,Mother'sDay!Whatwillyoupay54_______(get)away?"Thenthemothergives55________(they)smalltreatsandpresentsaspaymentsothatthekids"free"her.InChina,theysaythat56________(baby)areoneyearoldwhentheyareborn.Afterthat,allchildrencelebratetheirbirthdayonNewYear'sDaybecausethat'swhentheygrowayear57_______(old).Actualbirthdaysare58_________(usual)celebratedwithabigfamilymeal.Thetraditionisthatthe"birthdayboy"or"birthdaygirl"shouldfilltheirmouthwithasmanylongnoodles59_________theycanandtheneatthem.ThisisbecauseinChineseculture,longnoodlesareasymbol60____________longlife.解答分析：這篇短文語法填空題，首先讀首段首句，預(yù)猜文章大意：我們讀第一句就知道它是介紹“全世界的家庭怎么在一起慶祝特別的日子”的。然后邊讀邊認(rèn)邊填。51空是個(gè)動(dòng)詞be,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們知道be在這個(gè)句子作謂語，而時(shí)間是thesedays,主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞traditions，所以填are;52空是無提示詞，根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該填個(gè)冠詞the，因?yàn)榭崭窈笫莻€(gè)序數(shù)詞second，表示特指;53空是個(gè)名詞且在句中作定語，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填mother的所有格（mother’s);54空是動(dòng)詞，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們知道它作目的狀語,所以用非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式toget;55空是個(gè)代詞，代詞考查“格”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處是個(gè)賓語，應(yīng)填賓格them;56空是個(gè)名詞,名詞考查“數(shù)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處的名詞作賓語從句的主語，根據(jù)后面的謂語are,這就考查了名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，答案是babies;57空是形容詞，形容詞考查“級”，根據(jù)句意填比較級,故答案是older;58空也是形容詞，這里沒有“級”的意味，應(yīng)該是相互變化（形容詞變成副詞），的確它在句中修飾動(dòng)詞celebrated作狀語，故用副詞usually;59空是無提示詞，根據(jù)句型“asmanyas”意思是“盡量多的”。故填as;60.空還是無提示詞，猜都要猜到是介詞了，何況根據(jù)句型“asymbolofsth.”..............的象征”。句意：這是因?yàn)殚L面條是長壽的象征。故填of。強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ALong,longago,therewasacitycalledJijiaocheng,sonamedbecauseitwassaidtohavebeenbuiltatdaybreak.____26____citywasontherichLiyangPlain(平原).Manywaterways____27____(provide)waterforcropfieldsandthepeoplelivinginsideandoutsideofthecity.

TherulersofJijiaochengaskedthepeople____28____(cut)downtreesinthemountains.Thewoodwasshippedby____29____(worker)tothecityfortallbuildings.Standinginthem,thecity’srulerswillbeabletosee____30____(they)peopleandcropsbetweenthewaterways.Inautumn,plentyofricewasbroughttothecity.

Thisisnotsomebedtimestory.It____31____(real)tookplacearound4,500yearsago.Thousandsofyearslater,theoncebusy____32____richJijiaocheng,whichisnowinatownofHunan,cametothenoticeofthemodernworld.Withthehelpofarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)andhistorians,artistspaintedrecreationsoflifeinJijiaochengina____33____(tradition)scroll(卷釉).

Thescrollwaspartofahugeproject.Agroupofartistsspenttwoyears____34____it.Itincludeseightpaintings,whichare140meterslongintotal.It____35____(show)earlyhumanactivitiesontheLiyangPlainandtheprehistoriccultureinHunan.

BQiBaishiisaworldfamousartmasterinChina.Hewasbornin____16____poorfamilyfromXiangtan,Hunanprovince.Hewasatschoolforlessthanayearbecause____17____illnesses.Oneday,hefoundaChinesepaintingguidebook—JieziyuanHuapu.Thebookinspiredhisinterestsinpainting____18____(picture).Hedecided____19____(learn)byhimselfandlaterbecameamasterofartthroughhishardwork.In1902,he____20____(start)totravelaroundChina.Hevisitedfamousplaces,metmanypeopleandsawdifferentkindsofartpieces.Theseexperienceshelpedhimbeeoneofthe____21____(good)artistsofalltime.____22____(He)paintingsaregenerallyaboutthesmallthingsoftheworld,suchasfish,shrimps(蝦)andfrogs.“MouseandCatwithLamp”isoneofthem.Inthepicture,amouseisstandingonthetopofalongpole(桿子).Underthepoleisacat.Theyaresolivelythatitlooks23theywouldjumpoutofthepapertofight.Alltheworks____24____(create)byQiBaishiinafreshway,whichexpressedhislovefornatureandlife.Histalentsandskillsamazedthewholeworldalot.Heis_____25______(real)amasterofartandtheprideofXiangtan.CIreallyliketotravelaroundtheworldduringmyvacation.Lastsummer,myfamilytookatriptoHongKong.Itwasa26.(wonder)trip.Wewenttherebyplane,becausewewantedtogettheremuchfasterandearlier.Wegotthereatabout11:00andwehadlunchthere.Forlunch,weatenoodles.Theyweredelicious.Theweathertherewas27.(sun)andhot,sowedecidedtoswiminthesea.Therewere28.least500peopleonthebeach.Isawanoldmandrawingpictures.Heisanartistandheistrulytalented29.drawing.Disneylandisoneofthe30.(good)placesinHongKong,sowealsovisitedtheDisneyland.Aftervisitingit,wehadamealinoneoftherestaurantsinthepark.Ifelttired,butmyparentsfeltmuch31.(many)tiredthanIdid.SolwenttoseeMickeyMouseandDonaldDuckbymyself.Everybody32.________(know)MickeyMouse.Becauseheisthemostfamousandthe33.___________（popular）cartooncharactersinalltheseDisneycartoons.WestayedinHongKongforhalfamonth.Wetookmanyphotostherebutwedidnotbuy34.(something)becausethethingsinthestoreweretooexpensive.Afterthat,wewentbackhome.Thistripwasfantastic.Weallhadan35.___（enjoy）time.DEd,WilliamandDanarethreeyoungmenwholovemusic.They'velefttheirfortablehomeswithouttakingany36________(money)ormobilephones.Theyplan37________(walk)aroundthewholeBritain,singingfordinnerandsleepinganywherelikefields.EdandDanmetWilliamwhentheywereatschool.Theyalllikedwalking.38_______theyfinishedschool,EdwenttostudyartinParisandbecame39.__________artist.DanbecameagardenerandWilliamabookseller.Theywerestillfriends,40_________theyweren’tveryhappywiththeirlives.Onedaytheysaid,"Whydon'twestartwalking?"Andsotheydid.Theylovesimpleactivities41_________thebusy,stressfulworld."Peopleoftenask42._________(we)whywe’redoingthis.Butyouknowit’sagreatlifeandwe’relearningsomuchonourjourney,"saysWilliam43___________(proud).Lastyeartheystartedawebsitetotellpeoplealotofstoriesabouttheirwalks.Thisyearthey’dliketomakevideosandtell44________(many)stories.Nextyear,they45.(make)CDoftheirsongsandstartcharity.Thefuturelooksgood.ELastsummer,myfamilyandIwenttoEnglandandwespenttwoweeksinCornwall.It

1.______

(take)usfivehourstogettherebycar.Wedidalotofdifferent

2.______(activity)there:Wewentforlongwalks,playedgames,wentshoppingandswaminthelake.

Iplayed

3______

(happy)atfirst,butthensomethingterriblehappened(發(fā)生).

OnemorningIwenttotheforestnearthehotelby

4.______(I).Iwalkedandwalked.Iwatchedthebirdssing

5.______thetreesandtooksomephotos.WhenIgothungry,Iwantedtogobacktothehotelforfood.

6.______Icouldn'tfindthewayback.Itried

7.______

(difference)ways.However,atlastI

8.______

(be)stillinthesameplace?

"Oh,God!WhatshouldIdo?I'msoafraid!"Ithought.Lateritstartedtorain.Ididn'thave

9.______

umbrellasoIwaswetandcold.

Idecided

10.______

(stay)underatreeandwaitedformyparents.Afterafewhourstheyfoundme.ItwasdarkandIwascold,hungryandscared.Iwillnevergototheforestagain.

FLaurahadahappyandunusualdaytoday.Lastnight,shereadbooksand1._______(go)tobedverylate.Thismorningshedidn'thearthealarm(鬧鐘)atall.Whenshewokeup,

2.______wasalready8:30.Shehadtoreachschoolby8:50,soshewas3.______abighurry.Shehadaquickbreakfast,gotherschoolbag,and4.______(ride)herbiketoschool.Sheevenhadnotimetosayhellotoherfriendsonthewaytoschool.Atlunchtime,shelookedeverywhereforherlunchbox,5.______

shedidn'thaveanyluck.Afewminutes6.______(late),shefoundherlunchboxwasstillsittinginthekitchenathome.Shefeltsad,tiredand7.______(hunger)withoutlunch,andtears(眼淚)startedingdownherface.SeeingLauraunhappy,alltheotherclassmatescametoher,asking8.______happened.Whentheyfoundoutshehadnolunch,theysharedtheirfoodwithher.Soonthereweredifferent

9.______(kind)offruits,drinksandfoodsonLaura'sdesk.She10.______(enjoy)herselfwhenshehadherrichlunch.Laurahadquiteaspeciallunchtoday.GHowmuchdoyouknowabout

1.________

NovelCoronavirus(新型冠狀病毒)?Let'stakealookatit.MynameisCoronavirusbecauseIlook

2.________

acrown(王冠).Iamverytiny.Youcan'tseemewithyoureyes.

3.________

Ilivewithanimals,Idon'thurt(傷害)people.Butsomeone

4.________（do）harm(傷害)tothenature.Then,Icanjumpfromanimalstohumans.Peopleareafraid

5.________

mebecauseIcanmakethem6.________

(get)sickandtheywillshowsomesymptoms(癥狀),suchaspneumonia(肺炎),cough(咳嗽)andfever(發(fā)燒).Icanjumpfromonepersontoanotherand7.________(make)manypeoplesick.That'swhypeopleneed

8.________(stay)athomeandhidefromme.Buttherearesome

9.________(way)tocure(治愈)thesickness.Doctors,nursesandscientistsareworkingvery

10.________

(hard)tohelpthepeoplethatgotsickbecauseofme.Ithinkmytimewillbeoverwhenspringhasblossoms(開花).Lifewillbeebettersoon.H

Everyonehashishobby（愛好）.Myhobbyiswriting.

1.______

Iwasyoung,IusedtowatchTVathomealldayandmyparentsworriedaboutmealot.

Oneday,myfathertookmetomyaunt'shome.WhenIgotthere,Isawmycousin2.______(write)

inhisroom.Irantohimandsaid,"Writingisboring.Whynotgoouttoplaygames?That'smoreinteresting."

Mycousinsaid,"Idon'tthinkso.Writingisinteresting,andIcanhavealotof

3.______(happy)

inwriting."Thenhe4.______(show)mesomeofhisshortstoriesandpoems.Myface5.______(turn)redatthattime.Iwastwoyearsolderthanhim,6.______Icouldn'twritewell.Thatdaymycousintoldmemanythingsabouthiswriting.Afterthat,Ibecame7.______(interest)inwriting.

NowwhenIreadsomegoodarticles,Ialwayswrite8.______(they)down.Iamalsogladtowritesomethinginmyblog(博客).Iwouldliketosharemyideas9.______

myfriends.Ieven10.______(win)thefirstplaceinthewritingpetitioninourschoollastmonth.Thatmademeveryhappy.IAliceisayoungwoman.Shelikestoexercisetokeep

1.______(health).Shewalksfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning,andgoesswimmingtwice

2.______weekattheswimmingpool.Shedoesn'tsmokeandneverdrinks.Shedoesn'teatchocolate,andshedoesn'teatsweetfood.Oneday,Alicesawaman

3______(sit)inachair.Hehadnoteeth.Helookedveryoldandweak.4.______,hehadabigsmileonhisface,andhiseyesshowedhishappiness.Alicethoughthewasoldandclever.Shethoughthemust

5.______(is)morethan90yearsold,sosheaskedhimaboutthesecret（秘密）ofahappyoldage.Themanin

6.______hairsaid,"Mysecretforhappiness?Ismokeeveryday,anddrinkthreebottlesofwineeveryday.Ieathamburgers,IeatchocolateandInevereatvegetables.Idon'twalkanywhere

7.______playsports.Isit

8.____(watch)TVallday."Alicecouldn'tunderstand.Shewantedtoknowhowthemangottobesooldwhen

he9.______(do)everythingwrong.Shethoughtheshouldbesickandunhappy."How

10.______(elder)areyou?"sheasked."It'smybirthdaytoday,"saidtheman."Iamfortyseven."JInNovember1979,pupilsinEngland1.______(be)towatchanewTVprogram

2.______(call)Monkey.Mostofthemwerehearingthisstoryforthefirsttime.However,thisstoryisnotnewtoChinesechildren.TheMonkeyKingorSunWukongis3.______main

characterinthetraditionalChinesebook

JourneytotheWest.

TheMonkeyKingisnotjustanynormalmonkey.

4.______fact,hesometimesdoesnotevenlook

5.______

amonkey!Thisisbecausehecanmake72changestohisshapeandsize,turninghimselfintodifferentanimalsandobjects.But

6.______

hecanhidehistail,hecannotturnhimselfintoaman.7.________(fight)badpeople,theMonkeyKingusesamagic

stick.Sometimeshecanmakethesticksosmall

8.______

hecankeepitinhisear.Atothertimes,heisabletomakeitbigandlong.

TheMonkeyKinghasexcitedthechildrenofChinaformanyyears.Andas

soon9.______

theTVprogramcameoutmorethan30yearsago,WesternchildrenbecameinterestedinreadingthisstorybecausethecleverMonkeyKingkeepsfightingtohelptheweakandnevergives10.______

.KYoumighthaveheardthestoryofTheTortoiseandtheHare(《龜兔賽跑》).Theharelostbecausehewassleeping

instead1.______keepingrunningduringtherace.However,thereisanothermoreinterestingstory.

Once

upon2.______time,arabbit(家兔)andaturtle(海龜)werearguingaboutwhowasfaster.

Nobodycouldgiveananswer,3.______theydecidedtohavearace.

Beforetherace,thestoryTheTortoiseandtheHare4.______

(remind)therabbitofhisfriend,thehare."Heshouldbeabletoteach5.______(I)ausefullesson."So,hecalledthehare."HowcanI

6.______(win)therace?"heasked.Thehareanswered,"Don'tbe