專(zhuān)題16閱讀理解議論文目錄TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析與命題趨勢(shì) 1知識(shí)體系構(gòu)建 2考點(diǎn)精析與突破 3考點(diǎn)一：論點(diǎn)識(shí)別與主旨大意題（重點(diǎn)） 3考點(diǎn)二：論據(jù)分析與細(xì)節(jié)理解題（?？键c(diǎn)） 4考點(diǎn)三：論證方法識(shí)別與作用題（難點(diǎn)） 5考點(diǎn)四：作者態(tài)度題（重點(diǎn)） 7考點(diǎn)五：推理判斷題（?？键c(diǎn)） 8考點(diǎn)六：詞義猜測(cè)題（難點(diǎn)） 9實(shí)戰(zhàn)精練與提升 10一、考試要求閱讀理解議論文是江蘇春季高考英語(yǔ)的核心題體裁之一，占閱讀理解分值的30%左右，涵蓋社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、文化教育、科學(xué)倫理、人生哲理等題材。其核心考查識(shí)別論點(diǎn)、分析論據(jù)、培養(yǎng)論證邏輯能力，具有觀點(diǎn)鮮明、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、論據(jù)充分的特點(diǎn)。二輪復(fù)習(xí)需突破論點(diǎn)定位模糊、論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)不清、論證邏輯混亂、作者態(tài)度誤判等痛點(diǎn)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇特征拆解+解題技巧落地+針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練的模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)解題精度與效率的雙重提升，助力學(xué)生在該題型中穩(wěn)拿基礎(chǔ)分、沖刺高分?？忌枳龅剑?.能快速識(shí)別議論文的中心論點(diǎn)（明確論點(diǎn)/隱含論點(diǎn)）及分論點(diǎn)；2.能分析論據(jù)的類(lèi)型（事實(shí)論據(jù)/道理論據(jù)）及其對(duì)論點(diǎn)的支撐作用；3.能梳理論證結(jié)構(gòu)（總分、遞進(jìn)、對(duì)照、駁論）及論證邏輯；4.能識(shí)別常見(jiàn)論證方法（舉例論證、道理論證、對(duì)比論證、比喻論證、因果論證）及其作用；5.能精準(zhǔn)定位細(xì)節(jié)信息（論據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)表述、邏輯關(guān)系）；6.能結(jié)合語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)陌生詞匯、抽象詞匯的含義；7.能判斷作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作意圖；8.能概括文章主旨大意，提煉核心觀點(diǎn)。二、命題分析考點(diǎn)考頻（近5年）考查內(nèi)容命題趨勢(shì)主旨大意題5年8考概括中心論點(diǎn)、分論點(diǎn)、提煉標(biāo)題、歸納主旨2026年仍為考查重點(diǎn)，側(cè)重隱含論點(diǎn)的提煉推理判斷題5年7考推斷論據(jù)作用、論證邏輯、作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)傾向2026年可能考查論證方法作用推斷類(lèi)題目細(xì)節(jié)理解題5年6考論據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)表述、邏輯關(guān)系詞、結(jié)論細(xì)節(jié)2026年側(cè)重論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析作者態(tài)度題5年5考作者對(duì)話(huà)題的態(tài)度2026年可能結(jié)合社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題考查態(tài)度判斷詞義猜測(cè)題5年4考抽象詞匯、邏輯連接詞、態(tài)度類(lèi)詞匯、指代關(guān)系2026年可能結(jié)合論證邏輯詞考查詞義論證方法題5年3考識(shí)別論證方法、分析方法作用2026年可能在語(yǔ)篇分析題中滲透方法判斷指代判斷題5年2考代詞指代論點(diǎn)/論據(jù)2026年可能結(jié)合長(zhǎng)難句考查指代關(guān)系考點(diǎn)一：論點(diǎn)識(shí)別與主旨大意題解題策略定位中心論點(diǎn)：首段首句或尾句（開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式）；轉(zhuǎn)折詞后（however、but、yet后，駁斥舊觀點(diǎn)后提出新觀點(diǎn)）；總結(jié)詞后（therefore、inconclusion、thus后，歸納得出觀點(diǎn)）；尾段（總結(jié)升華式，前文鋪墊后收尾提出觀點(diǎn)）；區(qū)分論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)：論點(diǎn)是觀點(diǎn)性語(yǔ)句，論據(jù)是事實(shí)/道理支撐（如forexample、accordingtostudies后為論據(jù)）；概括主旨：中心論點(diǎn)+核心論據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，排除僅涉及單一論據(jù)的選項(xiàng)。一、核心解讀論點(diǎn)是議論文的靈魂，主旨大意題本質(zhì)是中心論點(diǎn)的同義替換。解題關(guān)鍵是去論據(jù)、留觀點(diǎn)，避免被具體案例、數(shù)據(jù)等細(xì)節(jié)干擾。二、典型例句①開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式論點(diǎn)Handwritingisessentialtobrainhealthanddevelopment,havingmultiplecognitivebenefits.中心論點(diǎn)：手寫(xiě)對(duì)大腦健康和發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，具有多種認(rèn)知益處。②轉(zhuǎn)折引出論點(diǎn)Manypeoplethinkhandwritingisoutdated.However,recentresearchsuggestsithassignificantcognitivebenefits.中心論點(diǎn)：很多人認(rèn)為手寫(xiě)過(guò)時(shí)了，但最近研究表明它有顯著的認(rèn)知益處。③總結(jié)得出論點(diǎn)Thus,itisclearthathandwritingisnotapastentertainmentbutavaluableactivitythatenhancesbrainhealthandlearning.中心論點(diǎn)：因此，手寫(xiě)顯然不是過(guò)時(shí)的娛樂(lè)，而是提升大腦健康和學(xué)習(xí)能力的寶貴活動(dòng)。④分論點(diǎn)支撐Handwritingbenefitsbrainhealth.Additionally,itimproveslearningandmemory.Moreover,itstrengthenscognitivedevelopment.中心論點(diǎn)：手寫(xiě)有益大腦健康；此外，它提升學(xué)習(xí)和記憶；而且，它強(qiáng)化認(rèn)知發(fā)展。例題Inaneraofdigitaltechnology,theartofwritingbyhandhasslowlybeendowngradedtoapastentertainment.However,recentresearchsuggeststhatthisphysicalactisessentialtobrainhealthanddevelopment,havingmultiplecognitive(認(rèn)知的)benefits.Itistimeweshouldreevaluatethepotentialbenefitsitmayhaveonourmentalcapacities.connections...umerousstudies,writingbyhandstimulatesmoreplexanddiversebrainconnections...Handwritingisn’tjustgoodforourbrains'benefits...decline...lear,practicalbenefits...Despiteitsclearbenefits,handwritinghasbeenonthedecline...Itisclearthathandwritingisavaluableactivitythathasthepotentialtoenhanceourbrainhealth,learning,memory,andproblemsolvingskills.1.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toillustrateafindingonhandwriting.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhandwriting.C.Toshowthewideapplicationofhandwriting.D.Tointroducetheartisticvalueofhandwriting.考點(diǎn)二：論據(jù)分析與細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題技巧解題策略提取題干關(guān)鍵詞：優(yōu)先抓論點(diǎn)詞（如handwriting,AI）、論據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞（數(shù)據(jù)、案例、研究名稱(chēng)）、邏輯詞（because、forexample、accordingto）；定位論據(jù)位置：論據(jù)通常緊跟論點(diǎn)后，或?yàn)榉终擖c(diǎn)的支撐材料（forexample、studiesshow、researchindicates后為論據(jù)）；分析論據(jù)作用：對(duì)比原文論據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)與選項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)核對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、案例對(duì)象、邏輯關(guān)系，排除與論點(diǎn)無(wú)關(guān)的干擾項(xiàng)。一、核心解讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題在議論文中多考查論據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)，解題關(guān)鍵是找到論據(jù)并關(guān)聯(lián)論點(diǎn)，避免孤立看待細(xì)節(jié)，需明確該細(xì)節(jié)支撐的核心觀點(diǎn)。二、典型例句①事實(shí)論據(jù)Geothermalelectricityaccountsforaround1%ofglobalgeneration,whichissettotripleby2050.數(shù)據(jù)支撐地?zé)岚l(fā)電前景廣闊的論點(diǎn)。②事實(shí)論據(jù)Studentswhotakehandwrittennotesscoresignificantlyhigheronquizzes.案例支撐手寫(xiě)提升學(xué)習(xí)效果的分論點(diǎn)。③道理論據(jù)RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful.名言支撐人生的意義在于有用的中心論點(diǎn)。④事實(shí)論據(jù)Astudyfoundthatbrainconnectivitypatternswerefarmoreplicatedforparticipantswhowrotebyhand.實(shí)驗(yàn)支撐手寫(xiě)刺激大腦連接的分論點(diǎn)。例題Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliteratesocietiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.1.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasonesided.考點(diǎn)三：論證方法識(shí)別與作用題解題技巧解題策略識(shí)別常見(jiàn)論證方法及特征：舉例論證：forexample、forinstance、suchas、具體案例或數(shù)據(jù)；道理論證：引用名言、公理、研究結(jié)論；對(duì)比論證：incontrast、ontheotherhand、while、paredwith；比喻論證：like、as、beparedto；因果論證：because、so、therefore、asaresult；分析論證方法作用：舉例論證：使論點(diǎn)更具體、更有說(shuō)服力；道理論證：增強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)的權(quán)威性和可信度；對(duì)比論證：突出論點(diǎn)的正確性或優(yōu)越性；比喻論證：使論點(diǎn)更生動(dòng)、更易懂；因果論證：明確論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力。一、核心解讀論證方法是連接論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的橋梁，識(shí)別方法的關(guān)鍵是抓特征詞，分析作用的核心是該方法如何支撐論點(diǎn)。二、典型例句①舉例論證Handwritingimproveslearning.Forexample,studentswhotakehandwrittennotesscoresignificantlyhigheronquizzes.作用：用學(xué)生的案例使手寫(xiě)提升學(xué)習(xí)的論點(diǎn)更具體可信。②對(duì)比論證Digitalreadingisconvenient,butpaperreadinghelpswithdeeperunderstanding.Incontrast,ebookreadersoftenskippages,whilepaperbookreaderstendtotakenotes.作用：通過(guò)對(duì)比突出紙質(zhì)閱讀更利于深度理解的論點(diǎn)。③比喻論證Attitudeislikeasteeringwheel.Itsdirectiondetermineswhereyougoinlife.作用：將態(tài)度比作方向盤(pán)，使態(tài)度決定人生方向的論點(diǎn)更生動(dòng)易懂。④道理論證AsConfuciussaid,“Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost.”Thisprovesthatcriticalthinkingisessentialforeffectivelearning.作用：引用孔子的名言增強(qiáng)批判性思維對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)至關(guān)重要的論點(diǎn)權(quán)威性。例題Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievethedesiredoute,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacar,knowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盤(pán)).1.Howdoestheauthorexpresshisargumentsinthelastparagraph?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byreasoning.C．Byusingmetaphors.D．Bymakingparisons.考點(diǎn)四：作者態(tài)度題解題技巧解題策略抓態(tài)度詞：褒義：supportive（支持的）、appreciative（贊賞的）、positive（積極的）、optimistic（樂(lè)觀的）、valuable（有價(jià)值的）；貶義：critical（批判的）、negative（消極的）、opposed（反對(duì)的）、doubtful（懷疑的）、harmful（有害的）；中性：neutral（中立的）、objective（客觀的）、informative（提供信息的）、analytical（分析性的）；分析論證傾向：支持：論據(jù)多為正面案例、積極數(shù)據(jù)，邏輯詞多用therefore、thus表肯定；反對(duì)：論據(jù)多為負(fù)面案例、問(wèn)題數(shù)據(jù)，邏輯詞多用however、but表轉(zhuǎn)折批判；中立：既呈現(xiàn)正面論據(jù)，也呈現(xiàn)負(fù)面論據(jù)，無(wú)明顯傾向詞；整合觀點(diǎn)表述：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首段觀點(diǎn)句、尾段總結(jié)句、轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的觀點(diǎn)，綜合判斷態(tài)度。一、核心解讀作者態(tài)度題的關(guān)鍵是通過(guò)態(tài)度詞和論證傾向判斷，避免僅憑個(gè)別詞匯下結(jié)論，需結(jié)合全文論據(jù)和觀點(diǎn)綜合分析。二、典型例句①支持態(tài)度Handwritingisavaluableactivitythatenhancesbrainhealthandlearning.Itistimewereevaluateitsimportance.態(tài)度詞valuable、reevaluateitsimportance→支持②批判態(tài)度TheoveruseofAIineducationisharmful.Itreducesstudents’criticalthinkingandcreativity,whichareessentialfortheirdevelopment.態(tài)度詞harmful、reduces→批判③中立態(tài)度Onlineeducationhasadvantagessuchasflexibility,butitalsolacksfacetofaceinteraction.Itisuptoustouseitwisely.既提優(yōu)勢(shì)也提劣勢(shì)，無(wú)傾向詞→中立④樂(lè)觀態(tài)度Despitecurrentchallenges,renewableenergyissettoplayakeyroleinthelowcarbonfuture.Withtechnologicalprogress,itspotentialwillbefullyexplored.態(tài)度詞settoplayakeyrole、potentialwillbefullyexplored→樂(lè)觀例題Isprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften‘no’.Whenreadingtextsofsefinding...redwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding...Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsprintreading?A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful.考點(diǎn)五：推理判斷題解題技巧解題策略定位推理依據(jù)：優(yōu)先找論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)、邏輯詞（because、so、however、thus）；分析邏輯關(guān)系：論據(jù)→論點(diǎn)：根據(jù)論據(jù)推斷其支撐的觀點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)→結(jié)論：根據(jù)中心論點(diǎn)推斷合理結(jié)論；因果推理：根據(jù)因推斷果或根據(jù)果推斷因；避免過(guò)度解讀：推理需基于文本信息，不添加個(gè)人主觀觀點(diǎn)，確保“有據(jù)可依”；匹配選項(xiàng)驗(yàn)證：排除與論點(diǎn)矛盾、無(wú)文本支撐、過(guò)度絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。一、核心解讀議論文的推理判斷題多圍繞論證邏輯展開(kāi)，解題關(guān)鍵是理清論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的關(guān)系，推斷隱含的觀點(diǎn)、結(jié)論或論證意圖。二、典型例句①論據(jù)→論點(diǎn)推理Astudyfoundthat80%ofstudentswhousedpaperbooksscoredhigher.推理：Paperbooksaremoreeffectiveforstudents’academicperformance.②論點(diǎn)→結(jié)論推理Environmentalprotectioniseveryone’sresponsibility.推理：Weshouldtakeactiontoreducepollutionindailylife.③因果推理Handwritingstimulatesbrainconnections.Studentswhowritebyhandhavebettermemory.推理：Handwritingimprovesmemorybystimulatingbrainconnections.例題That’swhythisissueofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.1.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.TogiveexamplesofgreatnovelistsB.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Toremendtheirnewbooks.考點(diǎn)六：詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧解題策略邏輯線(xiàn)索：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（but、however）：詞義與前文相反；因果關(guān)系（because、so）：詞義與因果邏輯一致；并列關(guān)系（and、or）：詞義與前文相近；論點(diǎn)論據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)：詞匯含義需符合其所在論點(diǎn)或論據(jù)的核心；指代線(xiàn)索：代詞（it/they/this）多指代前文的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)核心詞；構(gòu)詞法線(xiàn)索：拆分詞根、前綴、后綴。一、核心解讀議論文的詞義猜測(cè)多與論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)相關(guān)，解題需結(jié)合邏輯關(guān)系和語(yǔ)篇主旨，避免孤立猜測(cè)詞匯含義。二、典型例句①邏輯線(xiàn)索（轉(zhuǎn)折）SomepeoplethinkAIisdangerous;however,othersbelieveitisbeneficial.beneficial與dangerous詞義相反，beneficial意為有益的。②論點(diǎn)論據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)Handwritingisacognitiveactivitythatenhancesbraindevelopment.論點(diǎn)是手寫(xiě)有益大腦，cognitive意為認(rèn)知的。③指代線(xiàn)索Thepolicyaimstoreducepollution.Itwillbeimplementednextyear.it指代前文論點(diǎn)，意為該政策。④構(gòu)詞法線(xiàn)索Theauthorisoptimisticaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy.optim（最佳）+istic，optimistic意為樂(lè)觀的。例題Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage,toonesthatrequirementalabstraction,suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseshinethroughmean?A．Seemunlikelytolast. B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Beereadytouse. D．Beeeasytonotice.一、模擬基礎(chǔ)練Passage1Mostparentsareworriedthefirsttimetheycatchtheirkidsoutinalie.AccordingtochildandteenpsychiatristGayaniDeSilva,lyingcanactuallybeasignofhealthydevelopmentinyoungchildren.“Kidslieformanyreasons,andmuchofitisnormal,”DeSilvasays.“Peoplearenotbornwiththeknowledgeofmunicatingwithothersandgettingtheirneedsmet.They’llexperimentwithdifferentmunicationstylesandtechniquesuntiltheyfindtheonesthatworkbestforthem.Lyingisoneofthosetechniques.”Askidsgetolder,theybeemoreawareofhowtheiractionsaffectothers,andmanywilllielessfrequently.Inspiteofthis,parentsstillneedtoleadtheirkidstoformahabitofnotlying.AccordingtoDeSilva,whenchildrenlie,lookatthemdirectlyandaskwhattheyneed.Aftertheytellyou,gentlyremindthemthattellingyoudirectlywillbemoreeffectivethanlying.It’salsoagoodideatomodelthebehavioryouwanttoseeinyourkids.Inotherwords,don’tlietoyourchildren.Thiswillsetyouandyourchildrenonacourseofopenmunicationandtrust.Insomecases,lyingisasignofadeeperissue.Achildwhoisneglectedwillliemorethanachildwhohasattentiveandresponsiveparents.He’snotsurewhetherhe’sloved.Hemaylietopleaseothers.Thesamegoesforachildwhohasexperiencedsomethingunpleasant.Hemaylietotrytohidehisshame,avoidadmittinghisneeds,ortocontrolhissurroundingstoensurehissafety.Bypayingattentiontothereasonsbehindalie,parentscanfigureoutwhatneedstobedone.Forexample,whileJackmightlieaboutpletinghishomeworkinordertoplayvideogames,healsomightbetryingtoavoidnegativefeelingsconnectedwithschoolwork,andthisisjustwhereparentsshouldstart,saystherapistGideonJavna.1．WhatcanbeinferredaboutlyingfromDeSilva’swords?A．Ithascertainbenefitsforthehealthygrowthofkids.B．Itshowstheunderstandingbetweenkidsandparents.C．Itcanbeaneffectivemeansofmunicationforkids.D．Itissomonforkidsthatparentscanpletelyignoreit.2．Howcanparentsgettheirchildrentotellthetruth?A．Bypretendingtotrustthematfirst.B．Byencouragingthemtoadmittheirneeds.C．Bytellingthemdirectlytheharmoflying.D．Bypunishingthemfortheirlyinginasafeway.3．TheauthormentionedthetwokidsinParagraph4toshow_____________.A．It’smonforchildrentolieB．It’simportanttobeagenerousparentC．LyingcandamagefamilyrelationshipsD．lyingisareflectionofone’smentaltrouble4．WhatshouldJack’sparentsdoaccordingtoJavna?A．Askhimtoavoidplayingvideogames.B．Turnhisattentiontootherpositivethings.C．Givehimasecondchancetofinishhomework.D．Listentoandhelpsolvehisproblemrelatedtoschoolwork.Passage2Attitudeactuallyismentalenergyandfromthemomentyouareawakeinthemorninguntilyoufallasleepatnight,youarecontinuouslyproducingthismentalenergy,orattitude.Thereisneveratimewhenyoucanhaveaneutralattitude.Yourattituderightnowiseitherpositiveornegative.Yourattitudedeterminesyouraltitude.Forexample,asaplaneisintheair,ithasanaltitudeindicator.Theindicatortellsthepilotinwhichdirectiontheplaneisgoing,upordown.Justliketheplane,youtoohaveanaltitudeindicatorandyou’rethepilotofyourplane.Thefeelingthatyougainwhensomethingiswrongorwhatyouaredoingisnotrightservesasyouraltitudeindicator.Weallhaveanattitudetoourthinkingwhichdeterminesourdestiny.Infact,attitudeisamatterofchoice.Itdeterminesthesizeofourdreamsandinfluencesourdeterminationwhenwefacenewchallengesandthethingis,noonecancontrolyourattitudebutyou.Noonecanmakeusangry.Wemakeourselvesangrywhenwegiveintothatcontrolofourattitudeandwhenpeopledothingstoangerus.Allitdoesisputourattitudetothetest.Wehavethatchoiceeverymorningofwhatkindofattitudewearegoingtohavefortherestoftheday.Attitudeiseverything.Tobeginwitheveryproblemisanadventure.Tofall,riseandtryagainiswhatwecalladventureandthat’stherealfunoflife.Failureisnotabadthingbutanotherchanceforsuccess.Dreamingofbeingsuccessfulisnotenough.There’llbealotofthingsyouhatedoing,butyouhavetodothemallandthat’sasuccess.Withapositiveattitude,you’llhavetheabilitytobehappiereveryday,makeothersaroundyouhappier,andliveagoodlife.5．WhatdoestheauthorwanttostresswiththeexampleinParagraph2?A．Attitude’sroleinpeople’sfuturedevelopment.B．Theimportanceofpilots‘feelingsinflight.C．People’scorrectjudgementoftheirlifedirection.D．Theapplicationofaltitudeindicatorsinvariousfields.6．Whatarepeopledoingwhentheytrytoangerusaccordingtotheauthor?A．They’retryingtocontrolourfeelings. B．They’retestingourattitude.C．They’rechallengingourbottomline. D．They’reremindingusofpossiblefailure.7．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheadventureinlife?A．Dangerousandtiring. B．Annoyingandunderstandable.C．Difficultbutmeaningful. D．Excitingandnecessary.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Howtoachieveapositiveattitude? B．Howisattitudeformed?C．Whatisattitude? D．What’sthepowerofapositiveattitude?Passage3rules.Peterlhasitsrules.Therulesaredifferent.Heresomestudentsaretalkingabouttheirschoolrules.PeterOurschoolasksstudentstowearuniforms,forexample,sportsclothesorskirts.Studentsmusttelltheirschoolswhentheygotothemoviesorleavehomeintheevening.ZhangHuaStudentsinourschoolcan’teatgum,becauseit’shardtoclean.Andwecan’teatlunchatschool.AndwemustspeakPutonghuaatschool.Studentsinourschoolcan’thavelonghair.Wecan’tgetintoschoolwithotherschool’sstudents.MikeStudentsinourschoolmustwearsportsshoesatschooleveryday.Andwecan’twearslippers(拖鞋)toschoolbecausetheyarenotsafe.Weeasilyfalldown.9．Thestudentscan’tleavehomeintheeveningin____school,iftheydon’ttelltheirschools.A．Peter’s B．ZhangHua’sC．Mike’s D．PeterandMike’s10．Whycan’tthestudentseatguminZhangHua’sschool?A．Itisnotterrible. B．It’shardtoclean.C．Theyhavenotime. D．Theyhavenomoney.11．ZhangHuamust

____atschool.A．havelonghair B．takeotherschools’studentstoschoolC．speakPutonghua D．eatlunch12．Whycan’tstudentsinMike’sschoolwearslippers?A．Theyaresafe. B．Theyarenotsafe.C．Theyaregood. D．Theyareright.Passage4Shouldhighschoolstudentsberequiredtotakeacourseinfinancialliteracy?Somepeoplethinkitisextremelynecessary.Theyarguethatintoday’ssociety,studentsneedtounderstandbasicfinancialconceptssuchasbudgeting,saving,andmanagingdebt.Thisknowledgewillhelpthemmakebetterfinancialdecisionsinthefuture,whetherit’saboutcollegeloans,buyingacar,orstartingacareer.Ontheotherhand,someopponentsbelievethathighschoolstudentsalreadyhaveaheavyworkloadwithcoreacademicsubjects.Addingafinancialliteracycoursemightoverwhelmthemandtakeawaytimefromotherimportantstudies.Theyalsothinkthatfinancialknowledgecanbelearnedlaterinlifethroughpersonalexperiencesorothermeans.Inmyopinion,whilehighschoolstudentsdohaveabusyschedule,theimportanceoffinancialliteracycannotbeoverlooked.Awelldesignedfinancialliteracycoursecanbeintegratedintothecurriculumwithoutoverburdeningstudentsandwillequipthemwithessentiallifeskills.13．Whatisthemaintopicofthisarticle?A．Theimportanceofcoreacademicsubjects.B．Thedebateaboutafinancialliteracycourseforhighschoolstudents.C．Howtomanagepersonalfinances.D．Thefuturecareerchoicesofhighschoolstudents.14．Whydosomepeoplesupportafinancialliteracycourseforhighschoolstudents?A．Itwillmakestudentsrich.B．Ithelpsstudentsunderstandbasicfinancialconceptsforfuturedecisions.C．Itisaneasycourse.D．Itreplacesotherunnecessarycourses.15．Whatisanargumentagainstthecourseaccordingtoopponents?A．Itistooexpensivetoteach.B．Itisnotrelevanttostudents'lives.C．Itwilladdtostudents’workloadandcanbelearnedlater.D．Therearenoqualifiedteachers.16．Whatistheauthor‘sview?A．Againstthecourse.B．Fullysupportthecoursewithoutanyconditions.C．Believeitcanbeintegratedintothecurriculumwithbenefits.D．Thinkitshouldbeanelectivecourse.Passage5TheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.Aroundtheworld,millionsofcreaturesfacingunprecedentedtemperaturesandhabitatlossareonthemove.Wedonottendtothinkoftreesasmigratory.Theyareslowgrowingandrootedtotheground.Facedwiththisproblem,theecologistCharlieGardnerisoneofagrowingnumberproposingaradical,controversialsolution:wehelpthetreesontheirmarch.Somescientistsadvocatemovingindividualspecieshundredsofkilometresnorth,withinthecountryandfromabroad.Otherssayentireecosystemsshouldbetranslocated,movingmultiplespeciesatonce.The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnonnativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Largescalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷(xiāo)),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.Butotherssaythoseargumentsfailtodealwiththespeedorsizeofchangecausedbytheclimatecrisis.“Earlierinmycareerthenarrativewasallaboutrestoringpastbaselines,andthen,asIgotmoreindependentinmyresearch,Irealisedthat’simpossible.Wearechangingtheclimatesomuch,sowehavetobealittlemoreinventive.Whenwehaveexamplesofassistedmigration,it’softenwithspecieswhichareabsolutelyontheedgeofextinctionandhaverunoutofotheroptions,”saidSarahDalrymple,aconservationecologistfromLiverpoolUniversity,whoispartofthetaskforce.Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbeesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”17．WhatistheproblemfacingancienttreesinLondon?A．Longsummer. B．Habitatdestruction.C．Extremeweather. D．Slowgrowth.18．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayAndrewAllenagreewith?A．Largescalemovingofecosystemsisimpossible.B．Assistedmigrationmaycontributetobadresults.C．Nonnativespeciesarebeneficialtoecosystems.D．Nativespeciescansurvivechangesbythemselves.19．WhatdoesSarahDalrympleurgepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A．Stopchangingtheclimate.B．Havemoreoptionstohelpspecies.C．Helpnativetreestoadapttoclimatechanges.D．Takeactionearliertopreventspecies’extinction.20．Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsassistedmigration?A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful.二、重難提升練Passage1YouhaveprobablyheardofHenryDavidThoreauandhisbookWalden,eventhoughhismessageofsimplicitymaysoundoutdated.Nowadays,smartphonesflooduswithtextmessages.Manyconsumersarebuyingthelatestdigitaldevices,fromtabletsandfitnesstrackerstomercialdrones.Simplelivingseemstobeathingofthepast.Thoreauwouldbegtodiffer.Asawriterwhoadvocatedthevalueofsimplicityalmosttwocenturiesago,hewasacontrarianforhistime.HelivedduringtheheightoftheIndustrialAge,distinguishedbytheriseoflargefactories,expandingurbandevelopments,andpowerfulmachines.Turnedoffbytheconstantbusynessofthistime,Thoreauwithdrewfromcitylifetolivealoneinthewoods.HebroughtwithhimonlythenecessitiesoflifeandwroteaboutthisadventureinhisbookWalden.Inthebook,Thoreauisbasicallymakingaphilosophicalstatement.Wearenotlivingmeaningfullivesduetomoderntechnology.Wecreatedpowerfulmachinestomakelifemoreconvenient.Unfortunately,thesemachineshavedonetheopposite.Inhiswords,“Menhavebeethetoolsoftheirtools.”Thatistosay,wearenottheonescontrollingtechnology.Technologyiscontrollingus.Everyfewminutes,smartphonesmaydistractuswithmessages.AtleasthalfofAmericanschecktheirphonesseveraltimesanhour.Meanwhile,informationoverloadfromsocialmediacanweakenourconcentrationandheightenconfusion.Whentechnologycausesthatmuchdistractionandconfusion,itmaybehealthytosimplifylifebyreducingtechnologyoveruse.Personally,I’vedonesointwoways.First,Iuseverylittledataonmyphoneandkeeptheappsonittoaminimum.Mostofthetime,Ionlyusemyphonetocallortext.Second,Iquitmostsocialmedia.Sure,thosetwothingsaren’tasextremeasThoreauwithdrawingintothewoods.Nevertheless,they’rerealisticmovesIcanmaketowardlivingamoremeaningfullife.1．Whatdoes“contrarian”inparagraph2mean?A．Adefenderofaright. B．Asupporterofanidea.C．Anobjectortoavalue. D．Anadvocateofaprinciple.2．WhydidThoreauescapetothewoods?A．Hewasabandonedbysociety. B．Hetriedtoprovehisindependence.C．Heenjoyedadventuresintheforest. D．Hewasfedupwithbusyindustriallife.3．Whyaresmartphonesandsocialmediamentionedinparagraph4?A．Todiscusstheeffectofmodernization.B．Toillustratemen’sheavyrelianceontools.C．Tohighlighttheextensiveuseoftechnology.D．Toshowtheconvenienceoftechnologicaltools.4．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Quittingsocialmedia. B．Withdrawingintothewoods.C．Usingtechnologywisely. D．Livinganextremelysimplelife.Passage2Nomatterhowyoufeelaboutit,AIishere.So,whichtypesofjobsaremostatrisk?What’sthebestwaytostayrelevant?AccordingtoaGoldmanSachsstudy,mostjobsandindustriesareonlypartiallyexposedtoautomationandarethusmorelikelytobeplemented(輔助)ratherthanreplacedbyAISo,whicharethemostendangered?JocApfelbaum,whoteacheshowtouseAIthroughhiscourse,saysmostatriskarejobsthatuseaprocessthatcanbedonefasterandcheaperwithAIlikeformingproductsorfilingtaxreturns.ShannanMonson,afounderandeducator,saystheoutlookisnotthatnegative.“Wedidn’tstopwashingourdishesjustbecausethedishwasherwasinvented.Wesimplygettodoitfaster,easier,andwithlesseffort.”P(pán)aulCanetti,aprofessoratColumbiaBusinessSchool,saysthatdecisionmakersandpeoplemanagersaresafebecauseAIcan’tmotivateorrelatetohumans.AsAIdevelops,itsapplicationmightnotbeasfastaswethink.Butthosewhoarewelllearnedinitquicklyareatmoreofanadvantage.Canettisaysthereisgoingtobe“alongperiodoftransition(過(guò)渡期),whereyoucanperformincrediblywellatyourjobbytakingadvantageofthesenewtoolsbeforetheaveragepersondoes.”Expertsagreethatdistinctlyhumanskillswillremainthemostvaluable.Humansareuniquelyqualifiedthereandhumantohumanworkisgoingtobehardesttoreplace.“Focusonbuildingyourskillsasateamplayerandateamleader”Monsonsays.Apfelbaumarguesthatit’snotjustaboutreskilling,butratherpeopleneedtogetovertheirfearsandgetfortablewithwhotheyaresotheycanshowupwithalltheircreativitysinceAIdoesnothavepassionandrealhumancreativity.5．WhatmaybeaffectedmostbyAI?A．Managinghumanresources. B．Reportingtaxes.C．Makingdecisions. D．Releasingnewproducts.6．WhatmightApfelbaumandMonsonagreewith?A．Wecan’tstopAIcontrollingourlife. B．Weneedn’toverestimateAI’simpact.C．AdoptingAImakeshumanslazy. D．E