焦點03閱讀理解之說明文備考2026年中考英語新課標（核心素養(yǎng)）同步大師課堂之題型特訓面面到【題型解析】考查方向具體說明考查位置通常在閱讀理解部分占據(jù)重要篇幅，例如根據(jù)2025年河南中考英語試題分析，C篇多為說明文分值題量通常為5道小題，每小題2分，共計10分文本特點題材廣泛，可能涉及科學技術、生態(tài)環(huán)境、文化習俗、社會現(xiàn)象等。語言客觀、準確，邏輯清晰，可能包含數(shù)據(jù)、實例或?qū)I(yè)術語。核心能力考查信息定位、細節(jié)理解、邏輯推理、詞義猜測以及歸納主旨的能力一、考查重點與題型解析說明文閱讀的考查點非常明確，主要集中在以下幾個方面：細節(jié)理解題（基礎與核心）：這是最主要的題型，占比很高。題目主要考查對文中具體事實和信息的捕捉能力，如數(shù)據(jù)、步驟、特征等。解題關鍵在于精準定位，答案通常直接來源于文章中的某句話，但要小心選項常會進行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。推理判斷題（理解與思維）：這類題目需要你根據(jù)文章已給信息，進行一步的邏輯推斷。比如推斷事件的因果關系、作者的傾向或事物的未來發(fā)展。解答時務必以文本為依據(jù)，避免主觀臆斷。詞義猜測題（語境與技巧）：說明文中可能出現(xiàn)少量生詞或?qū)I(yè)術語。題目要求你根據(jù)上下文線索（如同義詞、反義詞、定義或舉例）來推測其含義。主旨大意題（綜合與概括）：考查對整篇文章或段落中心思想的把握能力。要特別關注文章的標題、首段和尾段，以及每段的開頭句和結(jié)尾句，這些地方往往是主題句所在。二、高分解題步驟遵循科學的解題步驟可以有效提高準確率：快速瀏覽，抓住主旨：用幾十秒快速閱讀文章的標題、首尾段以及每段的首句，迅速把握文章主要說明的對象和基本結(jié)構(gòu)。審讀題干，定位關鍵：仔細閱讀問題，圈出關鍵詞（如人名、地名、核心概念、數(shù)字等）。然后帶著這些關鍵詞回到原文中進行掃讀，找到相關信息所在的句子或段落。分析對比，確定答案：仔細比對原文信息與選項的差異。對于細節(jié)題，直接比對；對于推理和主旨題，則需在理解相關段落或全文的基礎上進行歸納和判斷。復核檢查：完成所有題目后，將答案代入全文通讀一遍，檢查是否順暢合理，確保答案有據(jù)可依。三、高效備考策略拓寬閱讀面：平時有意識地多閱讀一些科普文章、社會文化介紹等說明性英文短文，積累不同話題的詞匯和背景知識。掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)：注意學習說明文常用的方法，如下定義、舉例子、作比較、分類別等，這有助于理清文章邏輯。精練真題，限時模擬：使用河南中考歷年真題和高質(zhì)量模擬題進行專項訓練。練習時注意限時，一般一篇說明文閱讀的完成時間建議控制在810分鐘。做完后務必分析錯題，弄清錯誤原因。關注趨勢：近年來中考英語閱讀更注重與現(xiàn)實生活和社會熱點的結(jié)合，以及中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的融入AHaveyoueverwonderedwhyyourparentsmakeyoueatyourvegetables?Doyourememberhowterribletheytasted,butyourparentsseemedtoenjoythem?Doyouthinkyourparentslovedvegetableswhentheywerechildren?Well,theyprobablydidn’t!So,whathappened?Thetruthisthatourtastebuds(味蕾)canchangeovertime.Aswegrowolder,tastebudsstartdisappearing.Thatcanmakesometastesfeelweaker,butitmightalsohelpuslikenewfoods.Didyouknowthatanadult(成年人)usuallyhasbetween2,000and10,000tastebuds?Themoreyouhave,themoretastesyoucanenjoy.Youngchildrenwithgrowingtastebudsmayhaveastrongersenseoftastethanadults.Thatexplainswhysomechildrenmightnotlikebroccoli(西蘭花)nowbutcouldloveitwhentheygrowup.Ofcourse,howfoodtastesisn’tjustabouttastebuds—thesmellmattersalot,too.Iffoodsmellsstrong,itmightturnchildrenaway,eveniftheydon’tmindthetaste.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanlearntolikenewfoods.Sometimes,addingsomethingyoulove,likecheese,canmakeabigdifference.Finally,youcanetodislikecertainfoodsyouonceloved.Ifyoueattoomuchicecreamandthengetsick,youmightnotwanttoeatitforalongtime.Thisdislikecanstickaroundforyears!Yourtasteinfoodcanchangeinsurprisingways.So,evenifyou’renotexcitedaboutthosevegetablestoday,rememberthatyourbodywillthankyoulater.Oneday,youmightevenenjoythem!1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph1referto?A．Foods. B．Friends. C．Children. D．Vegetables.2．Whydosomechildrenhatebroccoliatfirstbutloveitlater?A．Becausebroccoligetstastierwithtime.B．Becausechildrenwanttotrynewfoods.C．Becausechildren’stastebudschangeastheygrow.D．Becausebroccoligetsnewcookingwaysovertime.3．Howcanwelearntolikenewfoods?A．Wecantrythemmanytimes. B．Wecanaddsomethingtothem.C．Wecaneatsomethingnicefirst. D．Wecansmellsomethingstrongfirst.4．Whatdoesthewriterwanttosayinthelastparagraph?A．Weshouldeatvegetables. B．Everyonewilllovevegetables.C．Vegetablescanchangeyourtaste. D．Vegetablescanmakeyouexcited.5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．People’stastesforfoodcanchangeindifferentways.B．Parentsalwayswantchildrentoeatvegetables.C．Thesmellplaysanimportantroleinhowfoodtastes.D．Thenumberoftastebudsmakesadifferenceinhowfoodtastes.【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．A【難度】0.4【知識點】對食物的喜惡、說明文【導語】本文介紹了人們對食物的味覺會因味蕾變化、氣味影響等多種因素以不同方式發(fā)生改變，解釋了為何人們對食物的喜好會隨時間變化，同時給出了學會喜歡新食物的方法。1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyourparentsmakeyoueatyourvegetables?Doyourememberhowterribletheytasted,butyourparentsseemedtoenjoythem?”可知，此處them指代前文提到的vegetables。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二至三段“Thetruthisthatourtastebudscanchangeovertime.Aswegrowolder,tastebudsstartdisappearing…Thatexplainswhysomechildrenmightnotlikebroccolinowbutcouldloveitwhentheygrowup.”可知，孩子對西蘭花的態(tài)度變化是因為味蕾會隨著成長而改變。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanlearntolikenewfoods.Sometimes,addingsomethingyoulove,likecheese,canmakeabigdifference.”可知，通過添加自己喜歡的食物，可以嘗試喜歡新食物，即可以對新食物做些處理。故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yourtasteinfoodcanchangeinsurprisingways.So,evenifyou’renotexcitedaboutthosevegetablestoday,rememberthatyourbodywillthankyoulater.Oneday,youmightevenenjoythem!”可知，作者想表達我們應該吃蔬菜，因為味覺會變化，日后可能會喜歡上它們。故選A。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章圍繞人們對食物的味覺會以不同方式變化展開，包括味蕾變化、氣味影響、飲食經(jīng)歷等因素。故選A。BCottonorplastic:whichkindofbagisbetterfortheenvironment?Manyofuswouldnaturallysaythatthecottonbagisbetter,butthatmightonlybetrueifyouusethatbagthousandsoftimes.Surprised?Keepreadingandwe’llexplain.Thereisnodoubtthatplasticisdamagingtotheenvironmentinlotsofways.Whenit’smade,itcausesairpollution.Weusealotofplasticbagsandoftenthrowaplasticbagawayafterusingitonce,soweneedtomakemore.Plasticthat’sthrownawaycanstayonlandforhundredsofyears,oritcangointotheoceanandhurtwildlife.Forthesereasons,peopleareencouragedtouselessplastic.Butit’snotthatsimple.Let’stalkaboutthecottonbag.Itcanbreakdownmoreeasilythanplastic,butthat’stheonlygoodthingaboutit.Makingcottonusesalotofenergy,water,andpesticides(殺蟲劑).Andbecausethebagsareheavier,theymakemorepollutionwhenthey’retransported.AstudyfromColumbiaUniversitysaysthatcottonbagshavetobeusedmorethan7,000timestobebetterfortheenvironmentthanplasticbags.Plasticisusedinmanywaysthathelptheenvironment.Forexample,carsandplaneswithlightplasticpartsdonotusesomuchenergyandgiveoutlesswastegases.Ifwedidn’tusesomuchplasticinourclothesandshoes,wewouldneedalotmoreland,water,andchemicalstomakeothermaterials.Anothergoodthingaboutplasticisthatitlastsforalongtime.Thisisbadfortheenvironment,butitalsomeanswecanreuseitmanytimes.Theproblemisthatweoftenthrowitawayinstead.Toprotecttheenvironment,weshouldtrytouseplasticlessandreuseitmore.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“damaging”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Helpful. B．Friendly. C．Harmful. D．Frightening.2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Thegoodthingsaboutusingcottonbags.B．Theproblemsthatcottonbagsbringtotheenvironment.C．Theprocessofbreakingdownplastic.D．Theuseofcottonbagsaroundtheworld.3．Whatistheadvantageofusingplasticpartsincarsandplanes?A．Itincreasesthespeed. B．Itdoesn’tcosttoomuch.C．Itmakesthemmorefortable. D．Ithelpssaveenergyandcutdownpollution.4．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Toaskpeopletostopusingplastic.B．Totellpeopletoreuseplasticmoreoften.C．Toencouragepeopletousecottoninsteadofplastic.D．Toexplainwhyweneedtouseplasticaslittleaspossible.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．PlasticorCotton:WhatBagIsBetter? B．HowtoChooseanEcofriendlyBagC．CottonBags:TheEnvironmentalChoice D．TheAdvantagesofUsingPlasticBags【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．B5．A【難度】0.4【知識點】環(huán)境保護、說明文【導語】本文是說明文。主要探討了棉袋和塑料袋哪種更環(huán)保，指出棉袋需多次使用才能比塑料袋環(huán)保，同時介紹了塑料的環(huán)保用途及合理使用建議。1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Thereisnodoubtthatplasticisdamagingtotheenvironmentinlotsofways.Whenit’smade,itcausesairpollution.”可知，當它被制造出來時，會造成空氣污染，所以塑料在很多方面都在破壞環(huán)境；可推測出劃線部分意為“有害的”，與“harmful”意思相近。故選C。2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Butit’snotthatsimple.Let’...alkaboutthecottonbag....AstudyfromColumbiaUniversitysaysthatcottonbagshavetobeusedmorethan7,000timestobebetterfortheenvironmentthanplasticbags.”可知，第三段重點說明棉袋除易降解外的問題，包括制作消耗大量能源、水和殺蟲劑，運輸時污染更嚴重。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“carsandplaneswithlightplasticpartsdonotusesomuchenergyandgiveoutlesswastegases”可知，汽車和飛機使用塑料部件能節(jié)省能源、減少污染。故選D。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“time...butodthingaboutplasticisthatitlastsforalongtime...butitalsomeanswecanreuseitmanytimes.”可知最后一段告訴我們要重復利用塑料袋。故選B。5．最佳標題題。文章開篇即提出“棉袋和塑料袋哪種更環(huán)保”的核心問題，后文圍繞兩者的環(huán)保特性展開分析，A選項為最佳標題。故選A。CYoucanputastamponit,youcanwriteanaddressonit,andyoucansenditthroughthemail.No,it’snotapackage(包裹).It’stheamazingcoconut(椰子)!Thecoconutisdifferentfrommostotherfruitsbecauseeverypartofitisuseful.Peoplehavebeenusingcoconutsinmanydifferentways.Herearesomeofthem.Oneexcitinguseofthecoconutisasakindofenergy.Scientistsareworkingonusingcoconutsforenergybecausetheyarecheapandclean.Coconutoilhasalreadybeenmadeintofuel(燃料).Itcanpowercars,trucks,shipsandmanymore.StudentsatBaylorUniversityfindthatcoconuthusks(外殼)cantakeinwaterverywell.Somixingcoconuthuskswithdrysoil(土壤)helpsthesoiltoholdontomoreofthewater.Thestudentsalsofindthatcoconuthuskscantaketheplaceofplasticinsomecases.Ifthisispossible,itwillhelppeopleuselessplastic.Thehuskofthecoconutisaperfectpackage.Itprotectsthecoconutfromharm.That’swhysomecountriesallowpeopletosendthecoconutwithoutanypackaging.Eachyear,touristspostabout3,000ofthese“coconutpostcards”.Coconutsgrownaturallyinover80countriesoftheworld.Theyrequireonlysunandproperrain.Nospecialcareisneeded.Everyyear,morethan61milliontonsofcoconutsareproduced.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatpeoplewanttofindsomanyusesforthecoconut.1．Whyisthecoconutdifferentfrommostotherfruits?A．Everypartofitisuseful. B．Stampscanbeputonit.C．Peoplesenditinapackage. D．Addressescanbewrittenonit.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“power”inParagraph2mean?A．Provideenergyfor. B．Addvalueto.C．Makeroomfor. D．Putweighton.3．Inwhichpartofthemagazinecouldwereadthepassage?A．StoryTime. B．HistoryWorld. C．SportsNews. D．AmazingNature.4．What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toadvisepeopletoprotectcoconuts. B．Toaskpeopletogrowmorecoconuts.C．Toshowthevalueandusesofcoconuts. D．Tointroduceafuelmadefromcoconuts.5．Whatwouldbethebeststructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．【答案】1．A2．A3．D4．C5．B【難度】0.4【知識點】科普知識、說明文、植物【導語】本文主要介紹了椰子的多種用途及其重要性。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thecoconutisdifferentfrommostotherfruitsbecauseeverypartofitisuseful.”可知，椰子與大多數(shù)水果不同之處在于它的每個部分都可被利用。故選A。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Coconutoilhasalreadybeenmadeintofuel(燃料).Itcanpowercars,trucks,shipsandmanymore.”可知，椰子油被制成燃料后能為車輛、船只等提供動力，故power意為“提供能源”。故選A。3．推理判斷題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文圍繞椰子的自然屬性和多種用途展開，與自然有關，故推出最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志的“奇妙自然”版塊。故選D。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文從多個角度展示了椰子的實用價值，故其主要目的是展示椰子的價值和用途。故選C。5．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段總述椰子特點，第二、三、四段分述其用途，第五段總結(jié)產(chǎn)量和實用性，故文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分總。故選B。A（2025·河南·中考真題）Sunshinedoesmakepeoplehappier.Imaginehowcheerfulyouarewhenitclearsupafterlongcoldrainydays.Let’sdiscoversciencebehindsunlight.Sunlightcausesyoutoproduceachemical(化學物質(zhì))calledserotonin(血清素).Whenyouareexposedtosunlight,yourbodywillmakemoreserotonin.Higherlevelsofserotoninwillkeepyouingoodspirits.Atnight,whenthereislittleornolight,yourbodyproducesanotherchemicalmelatonin(褪黑激素).Ithelpsyourbodyrelaxandwillmakeyoufeeltired,whichcanprepareyouforagoodnight’ssleep.Youshouldkeepagoodbalancebetweenthesetwochemicals.However,formanypeople,itishardtobalancesunlightwithdarkness.Peoplewhostayindoorsalotmaynotgetenoughsunlight.Thelightinahouseisusuallyabout100timeslessthanthatoutsideonasunnyday.That’swhyitisbelievedthatthosepeopleshouldgetoutsideinthesunshine.Theycangetsomeexercise,enjoythefreshairandbehappy,allatthesametime.Thereareplaceswhereitgetsdarkforalongtimeinthewinter.Peopleinthoseplacesareeasiertogetseasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD).PeoplewithSADusuallygothroughbadexperiencessuchaslowenergyandsadness.Themostmontreatmentforthosepeopleistositunderbrightartificial(人工的)lightsforsometime.Therolesthatsunshineplaysinpeople’slifearemorethanthoseabove.Forexample,yourbodyproducesVitaminD(維生素D)fromsunlight,whichisimportantforbeinghealthy.Infact,thereismorescienceaboutsunlightforyoutodiscover.Sonexttime,whenyounoticethesunshineonyourshoulder,takeamomenttothink,“Whydowelovesunshine?”根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Whichofthefollowingcantaketheplaceof“areexposedto”inthetext?A．stayin B．careabout C．dreamof D．dependon2．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Whatcanhelppeopletokeepingoodspirits B．Howlightinfluencespeoplethroughchemicals.C．Whymelatonincanhelppeoplerelaxforasleep. D．Whichchemicalisthoughttobemoreimportant.3．Whichofthefollowingisanopinion(觀點)accordingtothetext?A．Thereareplaceswhereitgetsdarkforalongtimeinthewinter.B．Peoplewhostayindoorsalotshouldgetoutsideinthesunshine.C．Thelightinahouseisusuallylessthanthatoutsideonasunnyday.D．People’sbodiesproducesomethingcalledVitaminDfromsunlight.4．JackisapersonwithSAD．Howcouldhesolvehisproblemaccordingtothetext?A．Bystayingindoorsalot. B．Bytakinginmorefreshair.C．Bydoingsomeexercise. D．Byusingmanmadelights.5．Whyisthesentence“Whydowelovesunshine?”writteninthelastparagraph?A．Toencouragereaderstolearnmoreaboutsunlight.B．Toadvisereaderstostayinhousesforenoughtime.C．ToexpectreaderstorealizetheimportanceofVitaminD．Toinvitereaderstowalkintonaturetoenjoythefreshair.【答案】1．A2．B3．B4．D5．A【難度】0.4【知識點】科普知識、說明文【導語】本文主要介紹陽光對于人們的影響。1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Sunlightcausesyoutoproduceachemical(化學物質(zhì))calledserotonin(血清素).Whenyouareexposedtosunlight,yourbodywillmakemoreserotonin.”可知，陽光會促使你體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生一種名為血清素的化學物質(zhì)。當你暴露在陽光下時，你的身體會分泌出更多的血清素?！癮reexposedto”表示“暴露于”，與“stayin”語意相近。故選A。2．段落大意題。分析第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹光是如何通過化學物質(zhì)影響人的，故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“That’swhyitisbelievedthatthosepeopleshouldgetoutsideinthesunshine.”可知，這就是為什么人們認為那些人應該到戶外去曬曬太陽的原因。對應B選項是觀點，其他三項是事實。故選B。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PeoplewithSADusuallygothroughbadexperiencessuchaslowenergyandsadness.Themostmontreatmentforthosepeopleistositunderbrightartificial(人工的)lightsforsometime.”可知，對于這類患者，最常見的治療方法是坐在明亮的人造燈光下一段時間。故選D。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sonexttime,whenyounoticethesunshineonyourshoulder,takeamomenttothink,‘Whydowelovesunshine?’”可知，所以下次當你看到陽光灑在你的肩頭時，就花點時間思考一下：“我們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g陽光呢？”由此可推斷，作者是為了鼓勵讀者多了解陽光。故選A。B（2024·河南·中考真題）Anoldsayingusedforforecasting(預測)theweathersays,“Redskyatnight,sailors’delight.Redskyinthemorning,sailors(水手)takewarning.”Isthesayingtrue?Itturnsoutthatitis.Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbeing.Forecastingtheweatherhasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears.Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors.Theyusedsignsinnaturetoforecasttheweather.Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).Theyusescientificinstrumentstostudyweatherconditionsaroundtheworldandmakeforecasts.Pilots,farmersandmanyotherpeopledependontheseforecasts.Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatherising.Ifyouarelookingforsomesignsoftheweather,payattentiontonature.Therearetwobasicrulesusedinweatherforecasting:Weathergenerallymovesfromwesttoeast,andlowairpressure(壓力)usuallymeansrainorsnow.Sopayattentiontothesigns.Ifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise,thesunisontheway.Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.Whataretheantsdoing?Aretheymovingtohigherground?Thiscouldmeanadropinairpressure.Arethebirdsflyingloworhigh?Fallingairpressuremayinfluencebirds’ears,sotheyflylow.Andiftheskyisredatsunset,youmightplanapicnicforthenextday!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Whatistheoldsayingabout?A．Thebeautyofsunrise. B．Thenightsky.C．Thesignsoftheweather. D．Thesailors’work.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meteorologists”mean?A．ThepersonswhogivedailyweatherreportsonTV.B．Thepersonswhocarryoutresearchonnaturalhistory.C．Thepersonswhotakeaninterestinplantsandanimals.D．Thepersonswhodoscientificstudiesofweatherconditions.3．HowdoesthewriterdevelophisideainParagraph2?A．Bylistingthereasonsforterribleweather.B．Bytellingatruestoryaboutweatherforecasting.C．Byintroducingdifferentwaysofforecastingtheweather.D．Bymentioningthedifficultiesinforecastingtheweather.4．Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．It’llbesunnyifantsmovetohigherplaces.B．Thesmellsofflowersarestrongerinwetair.C．Birdsflyhigherbecauseofthelowairpressure.D．It’llrainifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise.5．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toencouragepeopletogetclosetonature.B．Toexpresstheneedforweatherforecasting.C．Toexplainnaturecantellusabouttheweather.D．Todiscusshowimportantweatherforecastingis.【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．B5．C【難度】0.4【知識點】描繪天氣、科普知識、說明文【導語】本文主要介紹利用自然界的跡象來預報天氣。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbeing.”可知，日落時的紅色天空可能意味著太陽落山的西方天空晴朗。日出時天空呈紅色通常意味著晴朗的天氣已經(jīng)過去，因此暴風雨可能即將來臨。所以這句諺語是關于天氣的跡象，故選C。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).”可知，提前發(fā)布準確的預報的應該是氣象學家，故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“...the5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors....Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatherising.”可知，希臘人利用自然界的跡象來預報天氣，氣象學家使用科學儀器研究世界各地的天氣狀況并做出預測，也可以看一下智能手機或打開電視來了解天氣。所以作者在第二段通過介紹不同的天氣預報方法展開他的觀點，故選C。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.”可知，聞聞花——它們的氣味在潮濕的空氣中更強烈。故選B。5．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹利用自然界的跡象來預報天氣，是在解釋自然可以告訴我們天氣情況。故選C。A（2025·河南駐馬店·三模）Elephantsareknownfortheirhighintelligence,empathy(同理心),andmunicationskills.Anewstudysuggeststheymayhaveanotheramazingability:Theymaygiveeachotherspecial“names”—anabilitythatnoothernonhumananimalsareknowntohave.TheleadresearcherDr.MichaelPardosaid,“Weallknowthatdolphinsandparrotstrytocopyeachother’ssoundstomunicate.Butourfindingssuggestelephantsdon’tdependonimitation.Theyseemtousethewayinwhichhumannameswork.”TheresearchteamincludedDr.JoycePoole.Manytimes,shenoticedanelephantcallingout,withonlyonereplying.Therestofthegroupwouldcontinuefeeding,seemingnottohearthecall.Thisledhertowonderiftheelephantscalledeachotherbyspecific(特定的)names.Fortheirstudy,theteamchoseover600recordedelephantcalls,or“rumbles”.Theyallseemedtobedirectedtospecificelephants.Thesecallswerecollectedoveralmost30yearsfromwildelephants.Elephants’lowfrequencysoundsarehardforhumanstounderstand.Theresearchersturnedtomachinelearningtoolstoanalyze(分析)them.Theputermodelcorrectlyguessedthereceivingelephant’sidentity(身份)28%ofthetime.Whilethenumbermayseemlow,theresearcherssaytheelephantsprobablydon’tusenamesallthetime.Tomakesureofthefindings,someoftherumbleswereplayedbackto17wildelephantsthroughaspeaker.Sureenough,theelephantsonlyrepliedtocallsmeantforthem.ThestudywasinNatureEcologyandEvolution.Next,theresearcherswillgoontofindoutwhetherelephantsalso“name”otherimportantthings,likefood,water,andlocations.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案，并將其標號填入題前括號內(nèi)。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutelephantsfromParagraph1?A．They’rethesmartestanimals.B．They’rewidelystudiedindifferentstudies.C．They’realwaysnoisyandmakealotofloudsounds.D．They’reprobablythefirstnonhumananimalstouse“names”.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imitation”inthetextprobablymean?A．Makingsounds. B．Singingsongs. C．Copyingsounds. D．Makingmovements.3．Whichofthefollowingmaytheresearchersagreewith?A．Elephantshardlyusenamestocallwheneatingfood.B．Onlytheelephantthatwascalledcanhearthesound.C．Peoplehavedifficultiesunderstandingelephants’sounds.D．Elephantsusenamesinawaythatistotallydifferentfromhumans.4．Howdidtheresearchersprovetheirfindings?A．Byusingmachinelearningtools.B．Bycollectingmoresoundsinthewild.C．Byplayingthesoundsindifferentsituations.D．Byreplayingtherecordedsoundstosomewildelephants.5．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Topareelephants’skillswithotheranimals’.B．Toshowanewstudyaboutelephants’amazingability.C．Totellthereadershowelephantsmunicatewitheachother.D．Toexplainwhyelephantsaresointelligentandempatheticanimals.【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．D5．B【難度】0.4【知識點】常見動物、科普知識、說明文【導語】本文介紹了一項關于大象交流能力的新研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)大象可能具備為同伴起特殊“名字”的能力。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theymaygiveeachotherspecial‘names’—anabilitythatnoothernonhumananimalsareknowntohave.”可知，大象可能是已知首個使用名字的非人類動物，故選D。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Weallknowthatdolphinsandparrotstrytocopyeachother’ssoundstomunicate.”可知，前句提到海豚和鸚鵡模仿聲音交流，結(jié)合“Butourfindingssuggestelephantsdon’tdependonimitation.Theyseemtousethewayinwhichhumannameswork.”可知，后句轉(zhuǎn)折強調(diào)大象不依賴“imitation”，且“使用類似人類命名的方式”，說明imitation與“模仿聲音”相關，選項C符合語境。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Elephants’lowfrequencysoundsarehardforhumanstounderstand.”可知，大象低頻聲音對人類難以理解。故選C。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tomakesureofthefindings,someoftherumbleswereplayedbackto17wildelephantsthroughaspeaker.Sureenough,theelephantsonlyrepliedtocallsmeantforthem.”可知，研究人員通過向野生大象重播錄制的聲音來證明他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，全文圍繞“大象命名能力”的新發(fā)現(xiàn)展開，選項B準確概括文章大意。故選B。B（2025·河南周口·三模）Areyouinabadmoodwhenyouseeyourroomfilledwiththings?Areyoufeelingimpatientwhenyoucan’tfindanythingforalongtime?Manypeoplefeeloverwhelmed(喘不過氣的)bytoomanythingstheyhave.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.Withalittlebitoforganizationandplanning,youcandosomecleaning,andcreateamoreorganizedandstressfreespace.Giveawayunwantedthings.Cleaningisanimportantprocesstogothroughonceinawhile,especiallywhenyouhavealotofthingsyoudon’tneedoruse.Notonlydoesitmakeyourhomelookandfeeltidier,butitalsohelpsdealwithanynegative(消極的)energythatmayremain.Youcangiveawayunwantedthingsthatyounolongerneed.Cleanoneroomatatime.Whenyoucleanyourhome,it’simportanttocleanoneroomatatime.Thiswillhelpyoustayorganized.Startwiththeroomthatyouusethemostortheroomthatneedsthemostattention.Ifyouhavealotofthingsthatyoudon’tneed,startwithsmallerareaslikeyourdesk.Breakdownthetaskintosmallergoals,andtakeyourtimetomakesureeachareaiscleanedandorganized.Label.Thekeytocleaningistokeepthesamethingstogetherandtolabelyourboxeswell.Writeontheboxwhichroomitneedstogoto.Also,includewhatkindsofthingsarepackedinthebox.Yes,ittakesalittletimetodothis,butyou’llbesothankfulthatyouoncedidit.Thishelpsyoufindwhatyouneed.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Howcanyoubuildanorganizedandstressfreespaceaccordingtothepassage?A．Bycleaning. B．Byshopping. C．Byreading. D．Bycooking.2．Whataretheadvantagesofgivingawaythingsyoudon’tneed?①Makingyoukeepyourroomclean.②Makingyoufindthingsquickly.③Makingyoustayorganized.④Makingyoudealwithnegativefeelings.A．①② B．①③ C．①④ D．②④3．Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhencleaningoneroom?A．Cleaningallroomsatonce. B．Startingbycleaningthedesk.C．Cleaningthemostusedroomfirst. D．Makingsureeachroomiscleanedandorganized.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Label”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．貼標簽 B．處置 C．組織 D．打包5．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Reasonstodocleaningatatime B．ExamplesonhowtolabelboxesC．Waystocreateamoreorganizedspace D．Suggestionsondealingwithunwantedthings【答案】1．A2．C3．C4．A5．C【難度】0.4【知識點】方法/策略、說明文【導語】本文是一篇說明文，旨在向讀者介紹創(chuàng)建更有條理空間的方法，如捐贈不需要的物品、一次打掃一個房間以及對收納盒進行貼標簽等，幫助讀者解決因物品過多而產(chǎn)生的困擾，營造一個整潔、有序且能減輕壓力的生活空間。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withalittlebitoforganizationandplanning,youcandosomecleaning,andcreateamoreorganizedandstressfreespace.”可知，通過打掃可以創(chuàng)建一個更有條理、無壓力的空間，故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Notonlydoesitmakeyourhomelookandfeeltidier,butitalsohelpsdealwithanynegative(消極的)energythatmayremain.”可知，捐贈不需要的東西的好處是能讓房間保持整潔以及處理消極情緒，即①④，故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Startwiththeroomthatyouusethemostortheroomthatneedsthemostattention.”可知，一次打掃一個房間時應先從使用最多或最需要關注的房間開始，故選C。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Thekeytocleaningistokeepthesamethingstogetherandtolabelyourboxeswell.Writeontheboxwhichroomitneedstogoto.”可知，要在盒子上寫明該送到哪個房間，所以“l(fā)abel”意思是“貼標簽”，故選A。5．最佳標題題。文章主要圍繞如何創(chuàng)建一個更有條理的空間展開，介紹了捐贈不需要的東西、一次打掃一個房間、貼標簽等方法，所以最佳標題是“Waystocreateamoreorganizedspace”，故選C。C（2025·河南平頂山·三模）Therearelotsofthingsthataregoodforyourbrain.Reading,forexample,helpsyourbraintogrowandworkbetter.Solvingpuzzles(拼圖)canhelp,too.Scientistsnowfindoutanotherwayofbringinghealthtobrains:exercising.Babiesneedexercisefortheirbrainstofullygrow.Meanwhile,exerciseimproveschildren’sattentionandhelpsthemdobetteratschool.Intheelderly,exercisecanhelptokeeptheirmindssharp.Theycannoticeorunderstandthingsquickly.Exercisealsohelpsbloodflowtothebrain.Thebrainneedsoxygen(氧氣)fromblood.Withoutoxygen,thebrainwouldstopworking.Babiesdonothavetotrytoexercise.Theyarealmostalwaysmoving.Developingnewskillslikesitting,standing,walking,runningandjumpingforcestheirbrainstogrow.Aschildrengetolder,exerciseisstillimportantforthebrains.Scientistsdidanexperiment.Theyfoundtwogroupsofchildrenbetween7and9yearsold.Onegroupexercisedforanhourafterschool.Theothergroupdidnot.Scientiststhengavebothgroupsanumberofbraintests.Thekidswhohadexercisedwerequickertolearnthanthosewhohadnotexercised.Finally,exercisehelpsadultsthinkquickly.Theolderpeoplebee,thesmallerpartsofthebraintheywillget.Thiscanmakeitharderforoldpeopletorememberthings.Forexample,grownupswhoexercisedfor30minutes,fivetimesaweekdidbetteronbrainteststhangrownupswhodidnotexerciseasmuch.ExerciseisalsogoodforthepatientssufferingfromAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默病),whichharmsthebrainandcausespeopletolosetheirmemories.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Whatcanyoudoifyouwanttodosomething