2025年托福閱讀理解長難句解析與閱讀理解能力訓練試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartA:LongSentenceAnalysis1.Thediscoveryofpenicillin,whichwasaccidentalandinitiallyoverlookedbyitsdiscovererduetothelackofimmediateapparentutility,fundamentallytransformedthelandscapeofmodernmedicinebyprovidingthefirstwidelyeffectivetreatmentagainstcertainpreviouslyfatalbacterialinfections.*StructureAnalysis:Mainclause:"Thediscoveryofpenicillin...transformedthelandscapeofmodernmedicine."Relativeclause:"whichwasaccidentalandinitiallyoverlooked..."Adverbialphrase:"duetothelackofimmediateapparentutility."Mainclause:"byprovidingthefirstwidelyeffectivetreatmentagainstcertainpreviouslyfatalbacterialinfections."*Vocabulary:penicillin(n.),accidental(adj.),overlooked(v.),fundamentally(adv.),transformed(v.),landscape(n.),modernmedicine(n.),widely(adv.),effective(adj.),treatment(n.),fatal(adj.),bacterial(adj.),infections(n.).*Translation:青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然的，而且由于其最初沒有立即顯現(xiàn)出實用性而被其發(fā)現(xiàn)者忽視，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)根本性地改變了現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學的面貌，因為它提供了第一種廣泛有效的針對某些先前致命細菌感染的療法。*Practice:Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthediscovererandpenicillin?2.Climatechange,acomplexandmultifacetedphenomenondrivenbyacombinationofnaturalprocessesandincreasinglysignificanthumanactivitiessuchastheburningoffossilfuelsanddeforestation,posesasubstantialthreattoglobalecosystemsandhumansocietiesbycausingrisingglobaltemperatures,meltingpolaricecaps,andincreasingthefrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents.*StructureAnalysis:Mainclause:"Climatechange...posesasubstantialthreat..."Adjectivephrase:"acomplexandmultifacetedphenomenon..."Participialphrase:"drivenbyacombinationofnaturalprocessesandincreasinglysignificanthumanactivities..."Adverbialphrase:"bycausingrisingglobaltemperatures,meltingpolaricecaps,andincreasingthefrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents."*Vocabulary:climatechange(n.),complex(adj.),multifaceted(adj.),phenomenon(n.),drivenby(phr.),naturalprocesses(n.),humanactivities(n.),fossilfuels(n.),deforestation(n.),substantial(adj.),threat(n.),globalecosystems(n.),humansocieties(n.),rising(adj.),globaltemperatures(n.),melting(v.),polaricecaps(n.),frequency(n.),intensity(n.),extremeweatherevents(n.).*Translation:氣候變化是一個復雜且多方面的現(xiàn)象，它是由自然過程和日益顯著的人類活動（如燃燒化石燃料和森林砍伐）共同驅動的，通過導致全球氣溫上升、極地冰蓋融化以及極端天氣事件發(fā)生頻率和強度增加，它對全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類社會構成重大威脅。*Practice:Accordingtothesentence,whatarethemaincausesofclimatechange?3.TheRenaissance,aperiodofprofoundculturalandintellectualtransformationinEuropefromthe14thtothe17thcentury,wascharacterizedbyarevivalofinterestintheclassicalart,literature,andphilosophyofancientGreeceandRome,whichinspiredanewwaveofcreativityandinnovationacrossvariousfields,includingart,architecture,science,andpolitics.*StructureAnalysis:Mainclause:"TheRenaissance...wascharacterizedbyarevivalofinterest..."Adverbialphrase:"fromthe14thtothe17thcentury."Relativeclause:"whichinspiredanewwaveofcreativityandinnovation..."Adverbialphrase:"acrossvariousfields,includingart,architecture,science,andpolitics."*Vocabulary:Renaissance(n.),profound(adj.),cultural(adj.),intellectual(adj.),transformation(n.),Europe(n.),characterizedby(phr.),revival(n.),interest(n.),classical(adj.),art(n.),literature(n.),philosophy(n.),ancientGreece(n.),Rome(n.),inspired(v.),creativity(n.),innovation(n.),variousfields(n.),including(prep.).*Translation:文藝復興是歐洲從14世紀到17世紀一個深刻的文化和思想轉型時期，其特點是重新燃起了對古希臘和羅馬的藝術、文學和哲學的興趣，這激發(fā)了在藝術、建筑、科學和政治等各個領域的創(chuàng)新浪潮。*Practice:WhatwasamajoroutcomeoftheRenaissance?PartB:ReadingComprehensionYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-7.Thefollowingpassageisabouttheimpactoftechnologyoncommunication.Theadventoftheinternetanddigitalcommunicationtechnologieshasfundamentallyalteredthewayhumansinteractandcommunicatewithoneanother.Unliketraditionalformsofcommunication,suchasface-to-faceconversationsorwrittenletters,digitalcommunicationplatforms,includingemail,socialmedia,andinstantmessaging,allowindividualstoconnectwithothersinreal-timeregardlessofgeographicaldistance.Thishasledtotheriseofglobalizedcommunicationnetworks,enablingpeopletocollaborateandshareinformationacrosscontinentsinstantaneously.However,whiledigitalcommunicationoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasincreasedconvenience,efficiency,andaccesstoinformation,italsopresentscertainchallengesanddrawbacksthatmustbeacknowledgedandaddressed.Oneoftheprimaryadvantagesofdigitalcommunicationisitsabilitytofacilitaterapidandwidespreadinformationdissemination.Inthepast,sharingnewsorideaswithalargeaudienceoftenrequiredsignificanttimeandeffort,suchasprintingnewspapersordistributingflyers.Today,withtheclickofabutton,individualscanshareinformationwiththousandsorevenmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwithinseconds.Thishasdemocratizedthecreationanddistributionofcontent,allowingordinarypeopletocontributetopublicdiscourseandvoicetheiropinionsonvariousissues.Additionally,digitalcommunicationhasmadeiteasierforindividualstomaintainrelationshipswithfriends,family,andcolleagues,evenwhentheyarephysicallyseparatedbylongdistances.Socialmediaplatforms,inparticular,havebecomeintegraltomodernsociallife,providingaspaceforpeopletoconnect,shareupdates,andengageinsocialactivities.Despitethesebenefits,digitalcommunicationalsohasitsdrawbacks.Onemajorconcernisthepotentialformiscommunicationandmisunderstandings.Withoutthenonverbalcuesandcontextualinformationthatarepresentinface-to-faceinteractions,messagescanbeeasilymisinterpreted,leadingtoconfusionorconflict.Additionally,theanonymousnatureofsomedigitalcommunicationplatformscanencourageinappropriatebehavior,suchascyberbullyingorharassment,whichcanhaveseriousemotionalandpsychologicalconsequencesforindividuals.Anotherdrawbackistheissueofinformationoverload.Withtheconstantstreamofnotificationsandmessages,itcanbedifficulttofocusandprioritizeinformation,leadingtofeelingsofoverwhelmandstress.Furthermore,theriseofdigitalcommunicationhasalsoraisedconcernsaboutprivacyandsecurity.Asmorepersonalinformationissharedonline,thereisagreaterriskofdatabreachesandidentitytheft.Hackersandmaliciousactorscanexploitvulnerabilitiesindigitalsystemstogainaccesstosensitiveinformation,potentiallycausingfinancialandemotionalharmtoindividuals.Additionally,theeasewithwhichinformationcanbesharedonlinemakesitdifficulttocontrolthedisseminationofpersonaldata,raisingquestionsabouttheownershipandmanagementofpersonalinformationinthedigitalage.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,howhasdigitalcommunicationchangedthewaypeopleinteract?3.Whatisoneadvantageofdigitalcommunicationmentionedinthepassage?4.Whyisdigitalcommunicationpotentiallyproblematic?5.Whatisaconcernrelatedtoprivacyinthecontextofdigitalcommunication?6.Theword"democratized"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto:7.Thepassageisprimarilydevelopedby:試卷答案PartA:LongSentenceAnalysis1.Practice:B.Thediscovererinitiallydidnotrecognizethepotentialofpenicillin.*解析思路:句子的相對從句"whichwasaccidentalandinitiallyoverlookedbyitsdiscovererduetothelackofimmediateapparentutility"指出青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然的，并且其發(fā)現(xiàn)者最初由于缺乏立即的明顯效用而忽視了它。因此，選項B最準確地描述了發(fā)現(xiàn)者與青霉素的關系。2.Practice:A.Naturalprocessesandhumanactivitieslikeburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation.*解析思路:句子的現(xiàn)在分詞短語"drivenbyacombinationofnaturalprocessesandincreasinglysignificanthumanactivitiessuchastheburningoffossilfuelsanddeforestation"明確指出了氣候變化的驅動因素是自然過程和日益顯著的人類活動，例如燃燒化石燃料和森林砍伐。因此，選項A是正確的。3.Practice:C.Itinspiredanewwaveofcreativityandinnovation.*解析思路:句子的相對從句"whichinspiredanewwaveofcreativityandinnovationacrossvariousfields,includingart,architecture,science,andpolitics"指出文藝復興的另一個主要成果是激發(fā)了各個領域的創(chuàng)新浪潮。因此，選項C最準確地描述了文藝復興的一個主要成果。PartB:ReadingComprehension1.答案:Theimpactoftechnologyoncommunication.*解析思路:文章第一句話"Theadventoftheinternetanddigitalcommunicationtechnologieshasfundamentallyalteredthewayhumansinteractandcommunicatewithoneanother."直接點明了文章的主題是互聯(lián)網和數(shù)字通信技術對人類交流方式的根本性改變。因此，文章主要討論的是技術對交流的影響。2.答案:Itallowsindividualstoconnectwithothersinreal-timeregardlessofgeographicaldistance.*解析思路:文章第一段第二句"Unliketraditionalformsofcommunication,suchasface-to-faceconversationsorwrittenletters,digitalcommunicationplatforms,includingemail,socialmedia,andinstantmessaging,allowindividualstoconnectwithothersinreal-timeregardlessofgeographicaldistance."與此句對比，說明了數(shù)字通信與傳統(tǒng)交流方式的不同之處在于它允許個人無論地理距離如何都能實時與他人聯(lián)系。因此，數(shù)字通信改變了人們互動的方式，使其可以實時聯(lián)系無論多遠的人。3.答案:Itfacilitatesrapidandwidespreadinformationdissemination.*解析思路:文章第二段第一句"Oneoftheprimaryadvantagesofdigitalcommunicationisitsabilitytofacilitaterapidandwidespreadinformationdissemination."直接闡述了數(shù)字通信的一個主要優(yōu)點是它能促進快速和廣泛的信息傳播。因此，數(shù)字通信的一個優(yōu)點是它促進了快速廣泛的信息傳播。4.答案:Itcanleadtomiscommunication,inappropriatebehavior,informationove