水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪原型機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)綜合特性曲線的計(jì)算及繪制案例分析目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u1535水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪原型機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)綜合特性曲線的計(jì)算及繪制案例分析 125268一、原型水輪機(jī)的等效率曲線 115991二、原型水輪機(jī)的等吸出高度線 1110555三、出力限制線的繪制 2013241四、原型水輪機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)綜合特性曲線 219488五、原型水輪機(jī)確定等效率曲線拐點(diǎn)的輔助線 24一、原型水輪機(jī)的等效率曲線在水電站水輪機(jī)運(yùn)行水頭范圍內(nèi)選取5個(gè)水頭（分別為H1=Hmin=50m；H2=55m；H3=Hr=60m；H4=70.25m；計(jì)算參數(shù)的方法如下1.計(jì)算原型機(jī)最優(yōu)工況點(diǎn)的效率ηηT0=1?(1?η2.計(jì)算效率修正值??η=3.檢驗(yàn)單位參數(shù)是否需要修正(ηT0ηM0?1當(dāng)(ηT0ηM0?1)×參數(shù)就等于模型機(jī)的單位參數(shù)n11T=n11M，Q11T4.計(jì)算各水頭所對(duì)應(yīng)的模型水輪機(jī)的單位轉(zhuǎn)速nn11M=n11T5.計(jì)算原型水輪機(jī)的單位流量QQ11T=6.計(jì)算原型水輪機(jī)效率ηηT=ηM7.計(jì)算原型水輪機(jī)的出力PP=9.818.各轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)的計(jì)算結(jié)果詳見(jiàn)表1-9、表1-10、表1-11表1-9HL220-46型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線計(jì)算表轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)HL220-46D1=4.5n=125(r/min)?η=3.7H1=HminH2=55(mn11M=nD1n11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDP=9.81Q11TDη(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)η(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)0.7000.7370.5350.535276930.7000.7370.5020.502299780.7200.7570.5260.526279660.7200.7570.5260.526322640.7400.7770.5800.580316520.7400.7770.5440.544342500.7600.7970.6000.600335860.7600.7970.5680.568366810.7800.8170.6200.620355760.7800.8170.5880.588389260.8000.8370.6500.650382110.8000.8370.6150.615417100.8200.8570.6840.684411700.8200.8570.6440.644447200.8400.8770.7600.760468130.8400.8770.7000.700497430.8600.8970.8550.855538650.8600.8970.7700.770559660.8800.9170.9800.980631170.8800.9170.8750.875650150.8980.9351.0751.075705940.9000.9370.9800.980744050.8800.9171.1751.175756760.9020.9391.0701.070814120.8600.8971.2201.220768600.9000.9371.1201.120850350.8400.8771.2441.244766250.8800.9171.1681.168867860.8200.8571.2741.274766830.8600.8971.2161.216883820.8000.8371.2951.295761280.8400.8771.2501.250888280.7800.8171.3201.320757430.8200.8571.2801.280888850.7600.7971.3381.338748970.8000.8371.3051.305885060.7400.7771.3561.356740000.7800.8171.3281.328879140.7200.7571.3681.368727330.7600.7971.3541.354874410.7000.7371.3741.374711220.7400.7771.3701.370862540.7200.7571.3781.378845250.7000.7371.3881.388828895%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.7000.9271.1201.120729200.9000.9371.1181.11884883續(xù)上表H3=HrH4=70.25(mn11M=nD1n11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDP=9.81Q11TDη(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)η(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)0.7000.7370.4800.480326610.7000.7370.4680.468403440.7200.7570.5060.506353640.7200.7570.4880.488432090.7400.7770.5240.524375900.7400.7770.5120.512465320.7600.7970.5440.544400290.7600.7970.5480.548510860.7800.8170.5700.570429950.7800.8170.5750.575549480.8000.8370.6000.600463660.8000.8370.6080.608595240.8200.8570.6320.632500060.8200.8570.6440.644645550.8400.8770.6680.668540880.8400.8770.6750.675692420.8600.8970.7380.738611180.8600.8970.7300.730765910.8800.9170.8160.816690840.8800.9170.7820.782838760.9000.9370.8980.898776850.9000.9370.8550.855937060.9040.9411.0001.000868780.9030.9401.0001.0001099490.9000.9371.1241.124972360.9000.9371.0901.0901194620.8800.9171.1701.170990550.8800.9171.1661.1661250640.8600.8971.2181.2181008700.8600.8971.2201.2201280020.8400.8771.2581.2581018590.8400.8771.2601.2601292510.8200.8571.2901.2901020680.8200.8571.3001.3001303130.8000.8371.3201.3201020050.8000.8371.3381.3381309920.7800.8171.3401.3401010760.7800.8171.3681.3681307290.7600.7971.3681.3681006620.7600.7971.3801.3801286470.7400.7771.3801.380989970.7400.7771.3901.3901263280.7200.7571.3901.390971470.7200.7571.4041.4041243160.7000.7371.3951.395949210.7000.7371.4121.4121217215%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.9000.9371.1241.124972360.8840.9211.1521.152124101續(xù)上表H5=Hmaxn11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11TP(KW)0.7000.7370.4800.480507570.7200.7570.5080.508551760.7400.7770.5400.540602010.7600.7970.5740.574656380.7800.8170.6120.612717400.8000.8370.6400.640768590.8200.8570.6800.680836140.8400.8770.7160.716900950.8600.8970.7620.762980700.8800.9170.8100.8101065720.9000.9370.8400.8401129290.9010.9380.9700.9701305460.9000.9371.0101.0101357840.8800.9171.1381.1381497270.8600.8971.1901.1901531540.8400.8771.2551.2551579180.8200.8571.2951.2951592350.8000.8371.3341.3341602020.7800.8171.3661.3661601260.7600.7971.3881.3881587210.7400.7771.4021.4021562990.7200.7571.4121.4121533620.7000.7371.4201.4201501565%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.8690.9061.1701.170152090表1-10HL240/D41型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線計(jì)算表轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)HL240/D41D1=4.5n=136.4(r/min)?η=3.2H1=HminH2=55(mn11M=nD1n11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDP=9.81Q11TDη(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)η(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)0.7300.7620.5680.568303990.7500.7820.5620.562356110.7500.7820.5850.585321300.7700.8020.5800.580376910.7700.8020.6040.604340220.7900.8220.5950.595396300.7900.8220.6300.630363720.8000.8320.6180.618416630.8000.8320.6580.658384500.8100.8420.6400.640436650.8100.8420.6840.684404500.8200.8520.6600.660455640.8200.8520.7200.720430850.8300.8620.6840.684477750.8300.8620.7550.755457090.8400.8720.7200.720508730.8400.8720.8000.800489950.8500.8820.7560.756540290.8500.8820.8440.844522830.8600.8920.7980.798576770.8600.8920.8800.880551310.8700.9020.8500.850621250.8700.9020.9150.915579660.8800.9120.8820.882651780.8800.9120.9440.944604670.8900.9220.9120.912681340.8900.9220.9660.966625540.9000.9320.9400.940709870.9000.9320.9950.995651310.9100.9420.9640.964735810.9030.9351.0251.025673110.9130.9451.0101.010773380.9000.9321.0541.054689930.9100.9421.0401.040793820.8900.9221.0901.090705840.9000.9321.0781.078814090.8800.9121.1301.130723810.8900.9221.1041.104824780.8700.9021.1601.160734880.8800.9121.1321.132836530.8600.8921.1781.178738000.8700.9021.1581.158846360.8500.8821.1981.198742120.8600.8921.1781.178851430.8400.8721.2141.214743510.8500.8821.2081.208863320.8300.8621.2341.234747090.8400.8721.2161.216859190.8200.8521.2601.260753980.8300.8621.2381.238864700.8200.8521.2601.260869865%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.8880.9201.0991.099710120.8890.9211.1061.10682538續(xù)上表H3=HrH4=70.25(mn11M=nD1n11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDP=9.81Q11TDη(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)η(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)0.7700.8020.5640.564417610.8100.8420.5880.588579100.7900.8220.5740.574435620.8200.8520.6100.610607900.8000.8320.5900.590453210.8300.8620.6320.632637220.8100.8420.6100.610474200.8400.8720.6520.652665010.8200.8520.6350.635499500.8500.8820.6780.678699460.8300.8620.6250.625497400.8600.8920.7080.708738690.8400.8720.6840.684550670.8700.9020.7500.750791280.8500.8820.7100.710578160.8800.9120.7880.788840590.8600.8920.7460.746614360.8900.9220.8150.815878930.8700.9020.8000.800666220.9000.9320.8360.836911350.8800.9120.8400.840707290.9100.9420.8800.880969610.8900.9220.8740.874743980.9140.9460.9300.9301029050.9000.9320.9040.904777870.9100.9420.9800.9801079790.9100.9420.9300.930808830.9000.9321.0281.0281120660.9170.9490.9800.980858640.8900.9221.0601.0601143140.9100.9421.0301.030895800.8800.9121.0941.0941167010.9000.9321.0621.062913820.8700.9021.1221.1221183760.8900.9221.1001.100936360.8600.8921.1481.1481197760.8800.9121.1281.128949780.8500.8821.1721.1721209090.8700.9021.1501.150957690.8400.8721.2001.2001223940.8600.8921.1741.174966840.8300.8621.2221.2221232090.8500.8821.1981.198975540.8200.8521.2481.2481243710.8400.8721.2161.216978970.8300.8621.2381.238985260.8200.8521.2581.258989565%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.8850.9171.1151.115943990.8600.8921.1481.148119776續(xù)上表H5=Hmaxn11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11TP(KW)0.8200.8520.6140.614750580.8300.8620.6340.634784120.8400.8720.6540.654818240.8500.8820.6260.626792190.8600.8920.7080.708906120.8700.9020.7420.742960280.8800.9120.7800.7801020650.8900.9220.8140.8141076820.9000.9320.8460.8461131290.9070.9390.9200.9201239480.9000.9320.9740.9741302450.8900.9221.0101.0101336100.8800.9121.0481.0481371340.8700.9021.0781.0781395130.8600.8921.1101.1101420610.8500.8821.1421.1421445180.8400.8721.1721.1721466330.8300.8621.1981.1981481670.8200.8521.2201.2201491385%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.8420.8741.1641.164145966表1-11D74-35型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線計(jì)算表轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)D74-35D1=5.5n=115.4(r/min)?η=3.1H1=HminH2=55(mn11M=nD1n11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDP=9.81Q11TDη(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)η(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)0.7600.7910.6480.648537780.7800.8110.6300.630618440.7800.8110.6880.688585410.8000.8310.6800.680683990.8000.8310.7460.746650410.8200.8510.7380.738760190.8200.8510.8180.818730350.8400.8710.8000.800843430.8400.8710.8940.894816970.8500.8810.8500.850906430.8500.8810.9360.936865170.8600.8910.8900.890959860.8600.8910.9760.976912380.8700.9010.9300.9301014250.8700.9011.0201.020964220.8800.9110.9800.9801080640.8800.9111.0601.0601013150.8900.9211.0201.0201137100.8900.9211.0921.0921055190.9000.9311.0581.0581192270.9000.9311.1421.1421115490.9100.9411.0901.0901241520.9090.9401.1881.1881171640.9190.9501.1401.1401310890.9000.9311.2501.2501220980.9100.9411.2181.2181387320.8900.9211.2751.2751232020.9000.9311.2501.2501408630.8800.9111.3001.3001242540.8900.9211.2741.2741420260.8700.9011.3201.3201247810.8800.9111.3001.3001433510.8600.8911.3441.3441256400.8700.9011.3241.3241443950.8500.8811.3681.3681264480.8600.8911.3441.3441449490.8400.8711.3841.3841264750.8500.8811.3701.3701460950.8200.8511.4201.4201267850.8400.8711.3881.3881463340.8200.8511.4251.4251467855%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.9020.9331.2381.2381211860.9040.9351.2341.234139658續(xù)上表H3=HrH4=70.25(mn11M=nD1n11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDP=9.81Q11TDη(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)η(%)η(%)Q(m3Q(m3P(KW)0.8000.8310.6360.636728920.8000.8310.6100.610885720.8200.8510.6880.688807490.8200.8510.6660.666990300.8400.8710.7450.745894940.8400.8710.7200.7201095760.8500.8810.7760.776942890.8500.8810.7480.7481151440.8600.8910.8180.8181005200.8600.8910.7800.7801214330.8700.9010.8580.8581066190.8700.9010.8100.8101275190.8800.9110.9080.9081140840.8800.9110.8400.8401337090.8900.9210.9500.9501206710.8900.9210.8880.8881429010.9000.9310.9900.9901271180.9000.9310.9300.9301512850.9100.9411.0201.0201323770.9100.9410.9640.9641585000.9200.9511.0561.0561385050.9200.9511.0001.0001661670.9230.9541.0741.0741413100.9210.9521.0761.0761789840.9200.9511.1501.1501508340.9200.9511.0901.0901811220.9100.9411.2001.2001557370.9100.9411.1601.1601907270.9000.9311.2381.2381589610.9000.9311.1981.1981948810.8900.9211.2701.2701613190.8900.9211.2301.2301979380.8800.9111.2901.2901620800.8800.9111.2701.2702021560.8700.9011.3201.3201640290.8700.9011.3001.3002046600.8600.8911.3421.3421649120.8600.8911.3251.3252062800.8500.8811.3681.3681662200.8500.8811.3541.3542084290.8400.8711.3881.3881667360.8400.8711.3751.3752092590.8200.8511.4261.4261673670.8200.8511.4201.4202111455%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.8980.9291.2421.2421591320.8820.9131.2621.262201323續(xù)上表H5=Hmaxn11M=nD1P=9.81Q11TDηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11TP(KW)0.8000.8310.6080.6081082910.8200.8510.6620.6621207470.8400.8710.7200.7201344120.8500.8810.7450.7451406760.8600.8910.7760.7761481930.8700.9010.8080.8081560360.8800.9110.8400.8401640160.8900.9210.8760.8761729230.9000.9310.9240.9241843780.9100.9410.9750.9751966450.9140.9451.0201.0202065950.9100.9411.0751.0752168130.9000.9311.1351.1352264820.8900.9211.1821.1822333270.8800.9111.2221.2222386040.8700.9011.2661.2662444820.8600.8911.2981.2982478790.8500.8811.3251.3252501960.8400.8711.3501.3502520230.8200.8511.3981.3982549915%出力限制線上的點(diǎn)0.8720.9031.2601.2602438639.原型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線的繪制如圖1-1、1-2、1-3所示圖1-1HL220-46型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線圖1-2HL240-D41型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線圖1-3D74-35型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線二、原型水輪機(jī)的等吸出高度線1.水輪機(jī)等吸出高度線是表示水輪機(jī)在各運(yùn)行工況下的最大允許吸出高度Hs吸出高度線是根據(jù)模型特性曲線的等空化系數(shù)線換算得到的，將水輪機(jī)的運(yùn)行水頭范圍劃分為若干個(gè)區(qū)域，從中選取5個(gè)特征水頭分（分別為H1=Hmin=50m；H2=55m；H3=Hr=60m；H4=70.25m；H5=Hmax=80.5m）進(jìn)行列表計(jì)算，求出在各水頭下原型水輪機(jī)出力P與吸出高度Hs各轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)的計(jì)算結(jié)果詳見(jiàn)表1-12、表1-13、表1-14表1-12HL220-46型水輪機(jī)等吸出高度線計(jì)算表轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)HL220-46D1=4.5n=125(r/min)?η=3.7%?n11=0H1=Hmin=50(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.100.8400.8770.7600.7603.89468130.110.8600.8970.8500.8503.39535500.120.8780.9150.9600.9602.89616940.130.8970.9341.0681.0682.39700600.140.8900.9271.1381.1381.89740920.150.8700.9071.1981.1981.39763160.160.8440.8811.2401.2400.8976727H2=55(m)n11M=75.8(Hs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.100.8640.9010.7900.7903.29576750.110.8840.9210.9000.9002.74671650.120.9010.9381.0081.0082.19766130.130.9000.9371.1101.1101.64842750.140.8780.9151.1751.1751.09871160.150.8520.8891.2381.2380.54891790.160.8300.8671.2641.264-0.0188798H3=Hr=60(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.100.8800.9170.8100.8102.69685760.110.9010.9380.9300.9302.09805390.120.9040.9411.0261.0261.49891370.130.9000.9371.1201.1200.89968900.140.8720.9091.1901.1900.29998690.150.8490.8861.2381.238-0.311012690.160.8320.8691.2721.272-0.91102053H4=70.25(m)n11M=67.1(Hs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.100.8950.9320.8350.8351.46910260.110.9030.9400.9520.9520.761046710.120.9020.9391.0401.0400.061142740.130.9030.9401.1201.120-0.641231430.140.8740.9111.1801.180-1.351257370.150.8550.8921.2281.228-2.051281230.160.8380.8751.2621.262-2.75129161H5=Hmax=80.5(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.100.8900.9270.8850.8850.231177090.110.9000.9370.9600.960-0.571290620.120.8960.9331.0341.034-1.381384170.130.8880.9251.1051.105-2.181466530.140.8730.9101.1581.158-2.991511950.150.8560.8931.2041.204-3.791542640.160.8480.8851.2381.238-4.60157200表1-13HL240/D41型水輪機(jī)等吸出高度線計(jì)算表轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)HL240/D41D1=4.5n=136.4(r/min)?η=3.2%?n11=0H1=Hmin=50(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.120.8140.8460.6980.6982.89414740.110.8420.8740.8100.8103.39497220.110.8950.9271.0701.0703.39696650.120.8740.9061.1481.1482.8973050H2=55(m)n11M=82.8(Hs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.110.8400.8720.7200.7202.74508730.100.8610.8930.8050.8053.29582490.100.9050.9371.0601.0603.29804790.110.8820.9141.1281.1282.74835400.120.8640.8961.1721.1722.1985089H3=Hr=60(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.100.8600.8920.7420.7422.69611070.090.8800.9120.8400.8403.29707290.090.9110.9431.0251.0253.29892390.100.8920.9241.0961.0962.69934980.110.8730.9051.1421.1422.09954190.120.8580.8901.1811.1811.4997042H4=70.25(m)n11M=70.25(Hs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.090.8960.9281.0401.0402.171128870.100.8790.9111.0981.0981.461170000.110.8620.8941.1421.1420.761194170.120.8480.8801.1801.1800.06121459H5=Hmax=80.5(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.120.8610.8930.7100.710-1.38909700.110.8760.9080.7640.764-0.57995330.100.8920.9240.8200.8200.231087110.100.8790.9111.0501.0500.231372450.110.8640.8961.1001.100-0.571414130.120.8480.8801.1451.145-1.38144569表1-14D74-35型水輪機(jī)等吸出高度線計(jì)算表轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)D74-35D1=5.5n=115.4(r/min)?η=3.1%?n11=0H1=Hmin=50(m)n11MHs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.180.8080.8390.7700.770-0.11677800.170.8190.8500.8020.8020.39715230.160.8280.8590.8400.8400.89757050.150.8390.8700.8900.8901.39812380.140.8530.8840.9450.9451.89876460.140.9080.9391.1741.1741.891156600.150.9020.9331.2401.2401.391213820.160.8790.9101.3051.3050.891245950.170.8650.8961.3301.3300.391250290.180.8540.8851.3601.360-0.11126279H2=55(m)n11M=85.6(Hs=10??900?P=9.81Q11TDσηM(%ηT(%Q11MQ11THP(KW)0.180.8120.8430.7180.718-1.11732640.170.8240.8550.7500.750-0.56776190.160.8350.8660.7800.780-0.01817620.150.845