8AUnit5Goonanexchangetrip語法梳理現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞二、句型肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他。否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他。一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他?簡(jiǎn)略回答：Yes,主語+have/has.（肯定）/No,主語+haven't/hasn't.（否定）三、用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響。Ihavespentallofmymoney.我花光了我所有的錢。Tomhase.Tom來了。Myfatherhasgonetowork.我爸爸去上班了。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（用be動(dòng)詞表示）。該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。常與“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過去時(shí)的句子”的時(shí)間狀語連用。Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.瑪麗病了三天了。Ihavelivedheresince1998.我從1998年起就住在這里了。四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。使用以下五個(gè)標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義：1.already意為“已經(jīng)”，常用于肯定句中。既可以放句中也可以放句末。help.=alreadygotherhelp.=Hehasgotherhelpalready.他已經(jīng)得到她的幫助了。2.just意為“剛剛”，常用于肯定句中。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他剛剛看過這部電影。3.yet意為“尚未；仍未”，常用于疑問句和否定句中。yet用于疑問句中，還可意為“已經(jīng)；還”，通常放在句末?！狧asTomebackyet?湯姆已經(jīng)回來了嗎？—No,hehasn’tebackyet.沒，他還沒有回來。4.ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于肯定句和疑問句中。ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最棒的電影。HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你曾經(jīng)去過香港嗎？5.never意為“從來沒有”，表示否定，其句中不能再用其他否定詞。6.since意為“自從”,作介詞時(shí),后面可以接過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),例:since1980;也可以接“一段時(shí)間+ago”,例:sincetwomonthsago。since還可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。主句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))+since+從句(一般過去時(shí))Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.我們上大學(xué)時(shí)就互相認(rèn)識(shí)了。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他從來沒有去過北京。......(到現(xiàn)在為止)......時(shí)間”,后面接時(shí)間段。例:forthreeyears.注意:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,但可以用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例:buy→have,borrow→→keep，bee→be,leave→beaway(from),die→bedead,start→beon,open→beopen,close→beclosed,join→bein/beamemberof,fallasleep→beasleep,eto→bein/at,goout→beout等他已經(jīng)加入這個(gè)俱樂部?jī)赡炅恕ｅe(cuò)誤說法：Hehasjoinedtheclubfortwoyears.正確說法：Hehasbeenin/amemberoftheclubfortwoyears.五、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1.“havebeenin+地點(diǎn)名詞”表示已經(jīng)在某地,常與時(shí)間狀語“for+時(shí)間段”連用。PeterhasbeeninAmericafortwoyears.彼得已經(jīng)在美國待了兩年了。2.“havebeento+地點(diǎn)名詞”意為“去過某地”,表示已經(jīng)回來了。PeterhasbeentoAmerica.彼得去過美國。3.“havegoneto+地點(diǎn)名詞”意為“已經(jīng)去了某地”,表示還沒回來。PeterhasgonetoAmerica.彼得已經(jīng)去美國了。A基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)(建議用時(shí):15分鐘)一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。1.get__________ 2.go__________ 3.teach__________ 4.think__________5.stop__________ 6.run__________ 7.speak__________ 8.make__________二、用never、ever、already、just、yet、for、since填空。9.TheWonderingEarthIIisagoodmovie,butIhave__________seenit.10.MrWanghastaughtinthisschool__________tenyears.11.Mysisterhas__________finishedherhomework.12.—Haveyou__________readthebook? —No,Ihave__________readit.13.Lindahasn’tfinishedherreport__________.14.Ihave__________washedthedishes.Youdon’tneedtoworryaboutit.15.TinahaslivedinChina__________2018.三、單項(xiàng)選擇()16.Wehaven’tstudiedUnit6________.A.never B.ever C.already D.yet()17.—Haveyou________learntEnglish?—Yes,I’ve________learntalot.A.never,yet B.ever,never C.ever,already D.already,never()18.—Haveyouhandedinyourhomework________? —Yes,I’vehandeditin________.A.already,yet B.yet,already C.ever,never D.yet,ever()19.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehavebeenfriends_________tenyearsago.A.since B.for C.before D.until()20.China_________greatachievementsinscienceandtechnologysince1978.makes B.made C.hasmade D.ismaking()21.—HaveyoueverbeentoSouthTowerPark？—Yes.I__________thereafewmonthsago.A.went B.havebeen C.havegone D.wouldgo四、按要求改寫句子。22.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(改為否定句)I____________________myhomework__________.23.MyfatherhasebackfromtheUSA.（改為否定句）Myfather____________________backfromtheUSA.24.HehasleftforBeijing.（改為一般疑問句并作否定回答）—__________he__________forBeijing？—No,he__________.25.LindahaslivedinChinafortenyears.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)____________________hasLindalivedinChina?B拓展訓(xùn)練(建議用時(shí):10分鐘)一、按要求改寫句子。1.Susanhasbeenavolunteerforprotectinganimalsforthreeyears.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）______________________________Susanbeenavolunteerforprotectinganimals？2.Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）____________________they__________abook？3.Theyhaveworkedheresince2000.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）______________________________they__________here？4.Billborrowedthebooktwoweeksago.(改為同義句)Bill____________________thebook__________twoweeks.5.Daniellefthishometownthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)Daniel______________________________fromhishometown__________threeyears.二、單項(xiàng)選擇()6.He_________Francetwice.Itisabeautifulcountry.A.isin B.hasbeento C.hasgoneto D.hasbeenin()7.Alex_________teaculturesincehecametoChinain2010.A.studies B.studied C.hasstudied D.isstudying()8.—YourteacherwillebackfromJapantomorrow.—Really?We_________himfornearlythreemonths.A.don’tsee B.aren’tseeing C.haven’tseen D.won’tsee()9.—DoyouknowanythingaboutOneBeltOneRoad?—Yes,it_________over10yearssinceitstarted.A.was B.hadbeen C.willbe D.hasbeen()10.—I________mycard.Iwanttoreportit.—Youcancallthebanktoreporttheloss.Itwouldbefaster.A.lose B.waslosing C.willlose D.havelost()11.—Jerry,haveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall？—Yes.I________therewithmyparentslastyear.A.go B.went C.willgo D.havegone()12.—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher？—Yes，heis.He_______historyfornearly20years.A.teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D.willteach()13.—I________mycard.Iwanttoreportit.—Youcancallthebanktoreporttheloss.Itwouldbefaster.lose B.waslosing C.willlose D.havelost()14.—Look!Somebody_______thelights.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.A.turnsoff B.isturningoff C.wasturningoff D.hasturnedoff三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。15.She_____________(notwrite)tohersisterforalongtime.16.Paulhas_____________(travel)aroundmostofthecountriesinEurope.17.TheJohnsons_____________(invite)ustohavedinnerwiththemthreetimessofar.18.MrWhite_____________(meet)allthepeopleinourpanysincehecameherelastMonday.19.Theoldman_____________(die)for5years.20.Kate_____________(buy)abookjustnow.21.—Areyouthirsty?—No,Ihavejust_____________(have)someorange.四、語法選擇。Ourschoolhasalwaysvaluedexperientiallearning.Overthepastsemester,myclass__1__severaleducationaltripsthathaveprofoundlyinfluencedus.Lastmonth,wevisited__2__ancienttownwherelocalartisansdemonstratedpottery－makingtechniques.Sinceourreturn,manyofus__3__anewappreciationfortraditionalcrafts.Theartisansshowedushowtheycreatepottery__4__hand—aprocessthathasfascinatedmeeversince.Ourteacher,whohasorganizedthesetrips__5__,believeshands－onlearningworksbest,thoughnoteveryoneagrees.Whatsurprisedmemostwashowquicklysomestudents__6__basicskills,whileothersneededmoretime.Bytheendof__7__day,wehadlearntenoughtoattemptsimplecreations.Theexperiencehasn’tjustbeenaboutpottery—we__8__valuableculturalinsightstoo.Forweeksnow,thoseclayworkshops__9__myopinionsaboutmanuallabour.Severalclassmateshavedecided__10__theircreationsassouvenirs.Theartisans’patienceparticularlymovedme—theyexplainedeverythingsoclearlythatplexprocessesbecame__11__tounderstand.Sincethetripended,somestudents__12__aboutpursuing(追求)__13__skillsprofessionally.Ourteacherwashappywehadgained__14__fromthisexperience.Thisjourneyhasproventhateducation__15__farbeyondclassroomwalls.()1.A.takes B.hastaken C.havetaken D.took()2.A.a B.an C.the D./()3.A.develop B.developed C.havedeveloped D.haddeveloped()4.A.by B.at C.in D.from()5.A.3yearsago B.after3years C.in3years D.for3years()6.A.master B.masters C.mastered D.havemastered()7.A.thefirst B.first C.theone D.one()8.A.gain B.gained C.havegained D.hadgained()9.A.change B.changed C.havechanged D.willchange()10.A.buy B.bought C.buying D.tobuy()11.A.easy B.easier C.easily D.easiest()12.A.willtalk B.havetalked C.talks D.talk()13.A.this B.that C.these D.those()14.A.many B.much C.more D.most()15.A.happens B.happened C.hashappened D.hadhappened讀寫綜合[寫作任務(wù)]你是Tina,是一名在廣州待了一年的交換生?，F(xiàn)在你要回國了，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的內(nèi)容提示寫一封感謝信,表達(dá)你對(duì)在廣州期間幫助過你的老師、同學(xué)及朋友們的感激之情。內(nèi)容提示:游覽了廣州的許多風(fēng)景名勝;2.中文水平有了明顯的提高;3.了解了許多中國的文化和習(xí)俗(custom);............(請(qǐng)你補(bǔ)充)注意:1.可在內(nèi)容提示的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)拓展信息;2.詞數(shù)80詞左右(感謝信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入詞數(shù))。Deareveryone,Ireallyappreciatealotwhatyouhavegivenmeduringthepastyear.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyousomuchagain.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely,Tina參考答案：語法A一、1.got/gotten 2.gone 3.taught 4.thought 5.stopped6.run 7.spoken 8.made二、9.never 10.for 11.already 12.ever,never 13.yet 14.just 15.since三、1621DCBACA四、22.haven’tfinished,yet 23.hasn’te 24.