醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)指南與題庫(kù)一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分）1.題干：Themedicalterm"myocardialinfarction"isbesttranslatedas:A.HeartfailureB.HeartattackC.LungdiseaseD.Bloodvesselblockage答案：B解析："Myocardialinfarction"（心肌梗死）指心肌缺血性壞死，臨床表現(xiàn)為“心臟病發(fā)作”，故選B。2.題干：Whatdoestheabbreviation"MRI"standforinmedicalimaging?A.MagneticResonanceImagingB.MedicalResearchInstituteC.MagneticResponseImagingD.MultipleRadiographicImaging答案：A解析："MRI"是"MagneticResonanceImaging"（核磁共振成像）的縮寫(xiě)，是臨床常用影像學(xué)檢查手段。3.題干：Theterm"proctoscopy"refersto:A.ExaminationofthestomachB.ExaminationofthecolonC.ExaminationoftheheartD.Examinationofthebladder答案：B解析："Proctoscopy"（直腸鏡檢查）是經(jīng)肛門(mén)進(jìn)入直腸進(jìn)行檢查的術(shù)語(yǔ)，對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)腸檢查。4.題干："Epidemiology"primarilystudies:A.IndividualdiseasetreatmentB.DiseasedistributioninpopulationsC.SurgicaltechniquesD.Pharmaceuticaldevelopment答案：B解析："Epidemiology"（流行病學(xué)）研究疾病在人群中的分布、規(guī)律及防治，是公共衛(wèi)生核心學(xué)科。5.題干：Thesuffix"-itis"indicates:A.InflammationB.SwellingC.AbscessD.Tumor答案：A解析：如"bronchitis"（支氣管炎）中的"-itis"表示炎癥，臨床術(shù)語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)。6.題干："Endoscopy"involves:A.SurgicalremovaloftissueB.ImplantationofmedicaldevicesC.VisualexaminationusingaflexibleinstrumentD.Chemicalanalysisofbodilyfluids答案：C解析："Endoscopy"（內(nèi)窺鏡檢查）通過(guò)可彎曲器械直接觀察體內(nèi)腔道，是微創(chuàng)檢查常用手段。7.題干：Theterm"hypertension"describes:A.LowbloodpressureB.HighbloodpressureC.RapidheartrateD.Lowheartrate答案：B解析："Hypertension"（高血壓）是常見(jiàn)心血管術(shù)語(yǔ)，指血壓持續(xù)升高狀態(tài)。8.題干："Anesthesia"refersto:A.TreatmentofpainwithmedicationB.SurgicalincisionC.BloodtransfusionD.Radiologicalimaging答案：A解析："Anesthesia"（麻醉）指通過(guò)藥物使身體或局部失去感覺(jué)，臨床分類(lèi)包括全身麻醉和局部麻醉。9.題干：Whatdoes"fibromyalgia"mean?A.JointinflammationB.ChronicwidespreadpainC.BonefractureD.Muscleatrophy答案：B解析："Fibromyalgia"（纖維肌痛癥）指全身性慢性廣泛性疼痛綜合征，是風(fēng)濕免疫科常見(jiàn)病。10.題干："Asthma"ischaracterizedby:A.ChroniclunginfectionB.SuddenairwaynarrowingC.PermanentlungdamageD.Excessivemucusproduction答案：B解析："Asthma"（哮喘）典型表現(xiàn)為氣道痙攣和炎癥，導(dǎo)致反復(fù)發(fā)作的喘息、氣促。二、填空題（共5題，每題3分）1.題干：Themedicaltermfor"inflammationoftheliver"is________.答案：Hepatitis解析："-itis"表示炎癥，"hepat-"指肝臟，組合為"Hepatitis"（肝炎）。2.題干：Theprocessof"removingthegallbladder"iscalled________.答案：Cholecystectomy解析："cholecyst-"指膽囊，"-ectomy"指切除手術(shù)，故為"Cholecystectomy"（膽囊切除術(shù)）。3.題干："Diabetesmellitus"isoftenabbreviatedas________.答案：DM解析：臨床常用縮寫(xiě)，"Diabetesmellitus"指糖尿病，"Mellitus"表示甜尿，故縮寫(xiě)為"DM"。4.題干："Thestudyofblooddiseases"iscalled________.答案：Hematology解析："Hemat-"指血液，"-logy"指學(xué)科，組合為"Hematology"（血液學(xué)）。5.題干："Theconditionofexcessivethirst"istermed________.答案：Polydipsia解析："Poly-"表示多，"-dipsia"指飲水，組合為"Polydipsia"（多飲癥）。三、匹配題（共5題，每題4分）1.題干：Matchthefollowingmedicaltermswiththeirmeanings:(1)Cardiologist(2)Radiologist(3)Pulmonologist(4)NeurologistA.SpecialistinheartdiseasesB.SpecialistinlungdiseasesC.SpecialistinbrainandnervoussystemdiseasesD.Specialistinimagingtechniques答案：(1)→A(2)→D(3)→B(4)→C解析：臨床專(zhuān)科術(shù)語(yǔ)需與對(duì)應(yīng)疾病領(lǐng)域匹配，如心臟病科醫(yī)生（Cardiologist）對(duì)應(yīng)A。2.題干：Matchthesuffixeswiththeirmeanings:(1)-scopy(2)-itis(3)-graphy(4)-omaA.ImagingtechniqueB.TumororabnormalgrowthC.InflammationD.Examinationusinganinstrument答案：(1)→D(2)→C(3)→A(4)→B解析：術(shù)語(yǔ)后綴具有系統(tǒng)性意義，如"-scopy"指檢查（如endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢查）。3.題干：Matchthemedicalabbreviationswiththeirfullforms:(1)ICU(2)MRI(3)ECG(4)EEGA.MagneticResonanceImagingB.IntensiveCareUnitC.ElectrocardiogramD.Electroencephalogram答案：(1)→B(2)→A(3)→C(4)→D解析：國(guó)際通用縮寫(xiě)需準(zhǔn)確對(duì)應(yīng)中文全稱(chēng)，如ICU（重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室）。4.題干：Matchthesymptomswiththeirmedicalterms:(1)Shortnessofbreath(2)Chronicfatigue(3)Severepain(4)HighfeverA.DyspneaB.MyalgiaC.AstheniaD.Pyrexia答案：(1)→A(2)→C(3)→B(4)→D解析：癥狀術(shù)語(yǔ)需與臨床描述對(duì)應(yīng)，如"Shortnessofbreath"（呼吸困難）對(duì)應(yīng)"Dyspnea"。5.題干：Matchthesurgicalprocedureswiththeirpurposes:(1)Laparoscopy(2)Thrombectomy(3)Cholecystectomy(4)AngioplastyA.RemovalofbloodclotB.MinimallyinvasiveabdominalsurgeryC.RemovalofgallbladderD.Stentplacementinbloodvessels答案：(1)→B(2)→A(3)→C(4)→D解析：手術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)需結(jié)合臨床應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，如"Laparoscopy"（腹腔鏡手術(shù)）用于微創(chuàng)檢查。四、名詞解釋題（共5題，每題5分）1.題干：Explaintheterm"myocardialischemia."答案：Myocardialischemiareferstoreducedbloodsupplytotheheartmuscle,oftenduetocoronaryarterydisease,leadingtochestpain(angina)orheartattack.解析：心肌缺血指心臟供血不足，是冠心病典型病理基礎(chǔ)，需結(jié)合病因和癥狀描述。2.題干：Define"cerebralpalsy."答案：Cerebralpalsyisagroupofpermanentmovementdisorderscausedbynon-progressivebraindamageorabnormalities,affectingmuscletone,posture,andmovement.解析：腦癱是因腦部病變導(dǎo)致的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙，需強(qiáng)調(diào)其非進(jìn)行性及臨床表現(xiàn)。3.題干：Describe"pancreatitis."答案：Pancreatitisisinflammationofthepancreas,causedbygallstones,alcohol,ormedications,leadingtoabdominalpainanddigestiveenzymedysfunction.解析：胰腺炎需說(shuō)明病因及典型癥狀，如急性發(fā)作的腹痛。4.題干：Explain"hypoglycemia."答案：Hypoglycemiaisaconditionofabnormallylowbloodsugarlevels,oftentreatedwithglucoseadministration,andcancauseconfusionorseizures.解析：低血糖需強(qiáng)調(diào)血糖數(shù)值異常及臨床后果，如糖尿病并發(fā)癥。5.題干：Define"neoplasm."答案：Neoplasmreferstoabnormalgrowthoftissue,eitherbenign(tumor)ormalignant(cancer),characterizedbyuncontrolledcellproliferation.解析：腫瘤術(shù)語(yǔ)需區(qū)分良惡性，并說(shuō)明其生物學(xué)行為特征。五、簡(jiǎn)答題（共5題，每題6分）1.題干：Whatarethecommonprefixesinmedicaltermsandtheirmeanings?答案：-Hyper-:Excessive(e.g.,hypertension)-Hypo-:Belownormal(e.g.,hypothyroidism)-Prefix:Before(e.g.,preoperative)-Post-:After(e.g.,postmortem)-Trans-:Across(e.g.,transurethral)解析：前綴是術(shù)語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的重要部分，需系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)并舉例說(shuō)明。2.題干：Explainthedifferencebetween"epidemic"and"pandemic."答案：-Epidemic:Diseaseoutbreakinalocalizedregionorcommunity.-Pandemic:Globalspreadofdiseaseaffectingmultip