PAGE61-專題十五閱讀理解之社會(huì)生活、說理議論類1.【2020·湖北卷】A“Iseeyou’vegotabitofwateronyourcoat,”saidthemanatthepetrolstation.“Isitrainingoutthere?”“No,it’sprettynice,”Ireplied,checkingmysleeve.“Oh,right.Apony(馬駒)bitmeearlier.”Asithappened,thebitewasvirtuallypainless:morethekindofsmallbiteyoumightgetfromanaughtychild.TheponyresponsiblewasqueuingupforsomeicecreaminthecarparknearHaytor,andperhapsthoughtI’djumpedinaheadofhim.ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyareaandtouristsareconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods,despitesighsaskingthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies,touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar,andmakethemhardertogatherduringthearea’sannualponydrift(遷移).Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecked,thebabyonescanbestoopedfromfeedingontheirmother’smilk,andthosewho’vegonebeyondtheirlimitedareacanbereturnedtotheircorrectarea.Someofthemarealsolatersold,inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.Threeweeksago,Iwitnessedasmallnear-disasterafewmilswestofhere.Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.“Hello!”Isaidtohim,assuminghewasjustrollingforfun,buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.Ibegantoproperlyworryabouthim.Fortunately,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor’sLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.Dartmoorhas1,000orsoponies,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable(可持續(xù)的)futureforoneofDartmoor’smostfinancially-troubledelements.51.Whyaretouristsaskednottofeedtheponies?A.ToprotectthetouristsfrombeingbittenB.TokeeptheponiesoffthepetrolstationC.ToavoidputtingtheponiesindangerD.Topreventtheponiesfromfighting52.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis______________.A.tofeedbabyponiesonmilkB.tocontrolthenumberofponiesC.toexpandthehabitatforponiesD.toselltheponiesatagoodprice53.Whatastheauthor’sfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollonitsback?A.HefreeditfromthetrapB.HecalledaprotectionofficerC.HeworriedaboutitverymuchD.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty54.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoor’sponies?A.Itlackspeople’sinvolvement.B.ItcostsalargeamountofmoneyC.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.D.Ithascausedanimbalanceofspecies【考點(diǎn)定位】夾敘夾議文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】夾敘夾議文是近幾年高考經(jīng)常涉及的一類文體，文章一方面敘述事情，另一方面又對(duì)事情加以評(píng)論，此類文章一般先提出論點(diǎn)，然后以事例說明論點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論，或者一邊敘述事情經(jīng)過，一邊對(duì)事情加以分析評(píng)論，文章最后一段用一句概括性的話點(diǎn)明主題，將敘述和議論有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，其中“敘”是“議”的基礎(chǔ)，“議”是“敘”的滲透和延伸?？忌⒁庠谕ㄗx全文的基礎(chǔ)上弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，閱讀時(shí)重點(diǎn)要放在議論部分，因?yàn)樵摬糠直磉_(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的觀點(diǎn)和看法，也就把握了全文的主要內(nèi)容。本文難度不大，通過作者與小馬的“親密接觸”介紹了英國達(dá)特穆爾荒原淘氣的矮種馬，散發(fā)出濃濃的英倫風(fēng)。2.【2020·湖北卷】CHilversumisamedium-sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofAmsterdamandUtrechtintheGooiareaofNorthHolland,theNetherlands.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.OncecalledtheGardenofAmsterdam,itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughthesurroundingforests.Theyvisititforarelaxingdayofffromtheurbanmadness.ForDutchpeople,Hilversumisallabouttextile(紡織)andmediaindustries,andmodernarchitecture.Inhistory,Hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea.Dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming,sheepraisingandwoolproduction.ArailwaylinktoAmsterdamin1874attractedrichtradersfromAmsterdamtoHilversum.Theybuildthemselveslargevillas(別墅)inthewoodedsurroundingsofthetown.OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythewealthiestfamilyoftheNetherlands.TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum.Butthetextileboomlastedonlyseveraldecades.Thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s.Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,whentheNederlandseSeintoestedllenFabriek(NSF)establishedaradiofactoryinHiversum.Mostradiostationscalledinthelargevillasintheleafyareasofthetown.Televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy.HilversumbecamethemediacapitaloftheNetherlands,andDutchtelevisonstarsmovedintotheleafyneighborhoodssurroundingthetown.Intheearly1900s,modernarchitctsW.M.DudokandJ.DuikerplacedhundredsofremarkablebuildingsinHilversum.Thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces(杰作)aresomanythatHilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum.Dudokaloneshapedmost20thcenturyHilversumandapproximately75buildingsin1928-1931.Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks.Thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikeacombinationof“blocks”.Actually,onemaystarthisjourneyofmodernarchitecturebywalkingorbikingtheW.M.DudokArchitecturalRouteinHilversum.59.HilversumisdifferentfrommostoftheNetherlandsinthat______.A.ithasalargepopulationB.itiscutofffrombigcitiesC.ithasmanybeautifulgardensD.itisinahillyareawithsandysoil60.WhatwasthegreatestcontributionoftheBrenninkmeijerstoHilversum?A.BuildingarailwaylinktoAmsterdamB.Helpingitstextileindustrytodevelop

C.ConstructinglargevillasforthepoorD.Assistingitsagriculturalindustry61.ThebeginningofthemediaindustryinHilversumwasmarkedbytheestablishmentof______.A.aradiofactoryB.themedialcapitalC.aradiostationD.aTVstation62.WhatisknownaboutW.M.Dudok’sHilversumTownHall?A.Itconsistsofapproximately75buildingsB.ItlookslikeanopenairmuseuminthecityC.ItisaclassicexampleinarchitecturetextbooksD.Ithasshapedmostof20thcenturyHilvesum.【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了荷蘭Hilversum這一地區(qū)的地貌特征、工業(yè)發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代建筑。59.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第二句“UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyahillyarea…”可知Hilversum不同于荷蘭其他地方之處在于它屬于沙土丘陵地帶。故選D項(xiàng)。60.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum”可知Brennikmeijers為Hilversum的紡織業(yè)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。61.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,…establishedaradiofactoryinHilversum”可知Hilversum傳媒業(yè)興起的興起是以一家無線電廠的建立為標(biāo)志的。故選A項(xiàng)。62.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三、四句“Hismasterpiece…Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks”可知W.M.Dudok’sHilversumTownHall是建筑教科書中的一個(gè)典范。故選C項(xiàng)?！究键c(diǎn)定位】說明文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】說明文用平實(shí)的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如機(jī)器的制造過程、自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃或問題的解決方案等，介紹自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的新生事物等。本文雖短短幾段，卻囊括了荷蘭小鎮(zhèn)Hilversum的前世今生，把一個(gè)不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈現(xiàn)在中國讀者的眼前。3.【2020·湖北卷】ESciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation(誘惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（學(xué)科）.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox(非常規(guī)的),andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.Onthewhole,Brooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.67.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrooks’snewbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks68.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.69.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.70.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks’slifeexperience.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks’stranslationskills.【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。文章先列舉出科學(xué)的許多功能，接著指出科學(xué)有巨大的誘惑力，以致許多作家抵擋不住這種誘惑，在文學(xué)作品中運(yùn)用到科學(xué)。并以Brooks的新書Thesocialanimal為例，批判地分析這本書的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。67.D寫作用意題。首段第一、二句首先列舉出科學(xué)的許多功能，接著指出科學(xué)有巨大的誘惑力，以致許多作家抵擋不住這種誘惑，在文學(xué)作品中運(yùn)用到科學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。68.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“…,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,…”可知作者認(rèn)為寫作思路清晰是這本書的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選C項(xiàng)。69.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段中的鏈接詞“while”之前是這本書的優(yōu)勢(shì)，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者對(duì)這部書持批判的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。70.A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章最后一段中鏈接詞“while”后面部分開始談?wù)撨@本書存在的問題。因此緊接著作者應(yīng)該還是在寫這本的不足。故選A項(xiàng)?！究键c(diǎn)定位】議論文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】議論說理類文章具有以下特點(diǎn)：1．一般按提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的方法寫作。作者一般從日常生活中的熱點(diǎn)問題、社會(huì)上的重大問題、與讀者息息相關(guān)的問題入手，即提出問題。然后，分析利弊，舉例說明，推理判斷，即分析問題。最后，闡述觀點(diǎn)，提出辦法，即解決問題。2．以作者的觀點(diǎn)或情感為核心，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推理等方面進(jìn)行考查。3．文章的主題一般是生活中的熱點(diǎn)問題、重大問題或與生活息息相關(guān)的問題等?？忌鷳?yīng)注意抓住作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。同時(shí)，理清作為論據(jù)的諸多事例和理由之間以及它們和觀點(diǎn)/結(jié)論之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。4.【2020·北京卷】DTechnologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(調(diào)查)onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents-today’sgrandparents-wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.67.Thesurveysinformusof______.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication68.Thewriterbelievesthat______.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence69.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluenceorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?【解析】試題分析：以父母對(duì)于上大學(xué)的成年子女過度保護(hù)的問題為例，提出了科技帶來的一些改變?nèi)菀妆徽`認(rèn)為態(tài)度的改變的論點(diǎn)。67.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案在第二段第二句話，parentstodaycontinuestobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories”調(diào)查顯示現(xiàn)在的父母在孩子上大學(xué)之后仍然非?；蛘吣撤N程度上地過度保護(hù)子女。故選C。68.C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第三段作者提出調(diào)查的結(jié)果并不能理解為現(xiàn)在的家長對(duì)孩子不放手，接下來的兩段作者論述了出現(xiàn)這種結(jié)果的真正原因是科技的發(fā)展使得交流手段更豐富，成本更低廉。見第四段最后一句“Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier。最后一段更是再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種觀點(diǎn)。故選C。69.A主旨大意題。由第一段第二句話得出。這種科技的改變?nèi)菀妆徽`認(rèn)為態(tài)度的改變。第2-5段討論到底是科技還是態(tài)度的改變。第6段再次明確表示是科技的改變。故選A。70.B文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段是introduction，第二段是第一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，指出父母在子女生活中參與度提高的現(xiàn)象。第三段是第二個(gè)論點(diǎn)(關(guān)鍵詞However)，指出通過調(diào)查并不能推斷出父母未能對(duì)子女放手，分論點(diǎn)一是科技的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致父母對(duì)子女生活更多的參與，分論點(diǎn)二(關(guān)鍵詞Furthermore)是子女經(jīng)濟(jì)不獨(dú)立導(dǎo)致父母對(duì)子女生活的過多參與。最后一段總結(jié)。故選B。【考點(diǎn)定位】議論文類閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】要想讀懂議論文、理解作者的寫作意圖，關(guān)鍵在于是否能夠把握議論文的三要素。首先，論點(diǎn)是作者對(duì)所論述事件的基本看法和立場，找準(zhǔn)論點(diǎn)有助于把握文章的整體方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵；理清論據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點(diǎn)的含義；論據(jù)是作者組織、運(yùn)用論據(jù)的手法。5.【2020·北京】DFreedomandResponsibilityFreedom’schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.InGreece,inAthens(雅典),alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian’sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.But,“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent”,Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto:“Thecapacity(能力)ofmankindforself-government.”NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman’sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.66.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho________.A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobjectC.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity67.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.68.Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.69.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.D.Theauthorisproudofman’scapacity.70.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?A.Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.C.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.【解析】試題分析：這是一篇?dú)v史文化類說明文。文章講述了自由的起源、演變和它在古代文化下的形態(tài)和缺陷，以及數(shù)字化世界給自由帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。65.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句子后半句“oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses”可知tyrannies是指擁有絕對(duì)統(tǒng)治權(quán)的政府。故選D項(xiàng)。66.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌蜃栽冈诜梢?guī)定和價(jià)值體系下下從事一起活動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。67.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，雅典人后來態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，因?yàn)樗麄冮_始認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該為他們的勞動(dòng)付費(fèi)，給他們提供舒適的生活，而個(gè)人的自律和責(zé)任意識(shí)變得淡薄。故選A項(xiàng)。68.B句意理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree”可知唯一的結(jié)果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故選B項(xiàng)。69.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.”及“Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.”可知作者并沒有因此而失去信心，相反對(duì)自由充滿了希望。故選A項(xiàng)。70.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通過雅典人對(duì)自由態(tài)度變化的對(duì)比，得出自由需要責(zé)任的保證這一結(jié)論，故選D項(xiàng)?！究键c(diǎn)定位】歷史文化類說明文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】

英語閱讀屬于跨文化交際活動(dòng),除語言因素外,它還受到中西文化差異的影響?？忌纫鷮?shí)書本知識(shí)，也要廣泛閱讀，不斷提高自己的知識(shí)廣度，有意識(shí)地多了解文化背景知識(shí)，多關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，這樣才能做到游刃有余。6.【2020·廣東】BWhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn’tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’tcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish”,Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,“I’mnotafish!”Ididn’tknowhowtothinklikeafish.Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes?AsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreallymeant.So,Ireadsomebooksonfish.AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingthemonthlymeetings.Ilearnedthatafishisacold-bloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.Besides,waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshade.Yet,fishdon’thaveanyeyelids(眼皮)andthesunhutstheireyes…ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem..WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople.”Butitdidn’tcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothinklikeafish.”Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong-termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.31.Whywastheauthorupsetinfishingtripswhenhewasnine?A.Hecouldnotcatchafish.B.Hisfatherwasnotpatientwithhim.C.Hisfatherdidnotteachhimfishing.D.Hecouldnotinfluenceafishashisfatherdid.32.Whatdidtheauthor’sfatherreallymean?A.Toreadaboutfish.B.Tolearnfishingbyoneself.C.Tounderstandwhatfishthink.D.Tostudyfishinginmanyways.33.Accordingtotheauthor,fisharemostlikelytobefound_________.A.indeepwateronsunnydaysB.indeepwateroncloudydaysC.inshallowwaterundersunlightD.inshallowwaterunderwatersidetrees.34.Afterenteringthebusinessworld,theauthorfound_________.A.iteasytothinklikeacustomerB.hisfather’sfishingadviceinspiringC.hisfirstboss’ssalesideasreasonableD.itdifficulttosellservicestopoorpeople35.Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom_________.A.afishingguideB.apopularsalesbookC.anovelonchildhoodD.amillionaire’sbiography【解析】試題分析：本文敘述了作者通過以父親教授他釣魚時(shí)，要像魚一樣思考，學(xué)會(huì)釣魚的道理，告訴大家從事商業(yè)銷售時(shí)要像消費(fèi)者一樣去思考。31.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Butthatwasn’tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’tcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupset.可知作者感到難過，是因?yàn)樗讲坏揭粭l魚。故選A。32.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem.“我越了解魚，我越能有效的找到魚，抓住魚”可知此處父親的意思是要我了解釣魚的方法，故選D。33.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwater可知魚喜歡在淺水里，不喜歡在深水里，故排除AB兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshade.Yet,fishdon’thaveanyeyelids（眼皮）andthesunhurtstheireyes.可知魚喜歡呆在陰涼處，不喜歡呆在陽光直射的地方，故排除C項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)水邊樹下的淺水處，是魚喜歡呆的地方，故此處更有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)魚。故選D。34.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers“我逐漸了解我們需要像消費(fèi)者一樣去思考”這與父親的“Youneedtothinklikeafish”相似，因此這是父親的話給他的啟發(fā)。故選B。35.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters“這不是一份輕松的工作，我將在下面幾章里向你們展示如何去做”，故推斷這是在教授大家如何去銷售的書。故選B。【考點(diǎn)定位】故事類短文閱讀?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本文設(shè)計(jì)的問題主要是推理判斷題。通過貫穿全文的“Youneedtothinklikeafish”通過講述了釣魚的方法，介紹了銷售的技巧。充分考查了學(xué)生的語篇理解能力以及上下文的語境理解能力。第35題，具有引出下文的作用，也充分暗示了本文的主題。7.【2020·廣東】DItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakthe'declineofclass'and'classlesssociety'inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingsocietyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofstratification.OneunchangingaspectofaBritishperson'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeakstellherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduring1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice,Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded'educated'and'soft'.Theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional（地區(qū)的）cityaccents.Theseaccentswereseenas'common'and'ugly'.However,asimilarstudyofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleast.ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.Thisisanindicationofclassbecomingunnoticed.However,the1995popsong'CommonPeople'putsforwardtheviewthatthoughamiddle-classpersonmay'wanttolivelikecommonpeople'theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking-classlife.41.ArecentstudyofpublicopinionshowsthatinmodernBritain________.A.itistimetoendclassdistinctionB.mostpeoplebelongtomiddleclassC.itiseasytorecognizeaperson’sclassD.peopleregardthemselvessociallydifferent42.ThewordstratificationinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto________.A.varietyB.mostpeoplebelongtomiddleclassC.authorityD.qualification43.ThestudyintheUSshowedthatBBCEnglishwasregardedas_________.A.regionalB.educatedC.prejudicedD.unattractive44.Britishattitudestowardsaccent_________.A.havealongtraditionB.arebasedonregionalstatusC.aresharedbytheAmericansD.havechangedinrecentyears45.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThemiddleclassisexpandingB.Aperson’saccentreflectshisclassC.ClassisakeypartofBritish