AStudyonTranslationTechniquesofTourGuidesinFujianScenicSpotsfromthePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryAbstract:Tourismtranslationisasubjectwhichprovidesprofessionaltranslationforthetourismindustry.TheEnglishtranslationoftourcommentariesisthemostrepresentativetranslationpracticeinthefieldoftourismtranslation.Duetothelackofuniformstandards,thequalityofChinese-Englishtranslationvariesfromonescenicspottoanother,andsometranslationsmayevenmisleadtourists.BasedontheinvestigationandstudyofthetourcommentariesofFujian,thispaperanalyzessometechniquesintheEnglishtranslationofthetourcommentaries.Thispaperdiscussesthepracticalapplicationoffunctionalequivalenceinthetranslationoftourcommentaries,andpointsoutthat"dynamicequivalence"isanimportantprincipletobefollowedinthetranslationoftourcommentaries.Inrecentyears,Fujian'srichtourismresourceshaveattractedtouristsfromallovertheworld.InordertomakeforeigntouristsbetterunderstandFujian,itisofgreatpracticalsignificancetostudytheEnglishtranslationoftourcommentariesaccordingtothecharacteristicsoftourismresourcesinFujian.Theresultsofthisstudynotonlyhelptospreadourculture,butalsocanbewidelyusedintranslationresearchandtrainingfortourismtrainingofforeignlanguagetalentshascertainreferencevalue.Keywords:functionalequivalence;Fujiantouristattractions;tourcommentaries;translation1.IntroductionADDINCNKISM.UserStyleInrecentdecades,China'stourismindustryhasdevelopedenergetically,presentingaprosperousscene,occupyingasignificantpositioninpromotingeconomictransitionandstimulatingnationalconsumption.Oneofthemainreasonsisthegradualincreaseofpeople'sawarenessofentertainmentandleisureinChina.AsurveybytheChinaTourismAcademyshowsthatinthefirsthalfof2019,thenumberofdomestictouristsisexpectedtoreach3.08billion,andthedomestictourismrevenueis2.78trillionyuan,anincreaseof8.8%and13.5%overthepreviousyear.Withthematurityofthedomestictourismmarket,travelhasbecomeessentialflavorofpeople’sdailylife.Tourismhasincrediblydevelopedallacrosstheworld,astimepasses,ithasbecomeoneofthemajorwaysforpeopleofdifferentculturalbackgroundstocommunicatewitheachother.Chinahasattractedmillionsofforeigntouristsforpossessingprolificnaturalandculturalresource.Thetourismindustryhasformedacertaininfluenceacrossthecountry,andithasbeenaffectedbymoreandmoreforeigntourists.Accordingto《theStatisticalSurveyReportofNationalTravelAgenciesintheFirstHalfof2019》bytheMinistryofCultureandTourism,Fujian'stouristreceptionsinthefirsthalfof2019enteredthetoptennationwide.ThisnotonlybringsopportunitiestoFujian'stourismindustry,butalsopresentsnewchallenges.Itistheresponsibilityandnecessaryqualityofeachtourguide'stranslatortoaccuratelyconveytheinformationofvarioustouristattractionsandtheculturalconnotationtoforeigntourists,sothattheycanknowabouttheregionalculture.Asisknowntoall,FujianProvincehasalonghistory.Besides,thenumberoftouristattractionsisnumerous,andthequalityisexcellent.First,thecoveragerateoftheforestsinFujianProvincehasreached65.95%,withanareaof12millionhectares,rankingfirstinChinafor40consecutiveyears,sothatFujianprovincehasthereputationof"naturaloxygenbar".AsoneoftheprimaryforestareasinsouthernChina,FujianProvincehasexcellentecologicalandnaturalenvironment.Second,thereare95A-levelscenicspotsand104A-levelscenicspotsinFujianProvince(5A-levelscenicspotmeansthebestleveloftouristattractions);11national-levelkeyscenicspots,8Chineseexcellenttouristcities,and4Chinesehistoricalandculturalcities.Third,Fujian'stourismresourcesareofhighqualityandcontaindeepconnotations.Ithasmarineculture,folkhouseculture(suchasTulouCulture,SanfangQixiangCulture,etc.),theHakkaredcultureandcelebrityculture,andFujianlocalcultureisdeeplyinfluencedbytheintegrationofCentralPlainsculture,TaiwanesecultureandoverseasChineseculture,formingaveryspecialcomprehensiveculturalpattern.（ZhangGuangying,2016:28）Sincethe1990s,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,thepolitical,economicandculturaltiesofvariouscountrieshavebecomecloserthanever.Theculturesofvariouscountrieshavecontinuedtomerge,promotingtheprogressofworldcivilization.Atthesametime,thecompetitionbetweencountrieshasbecomeincreasinglyfierce.tourism,asanessentialpartofeconomy,iscertainlyinvolvedinit.ExpandingChina'sculturalinfluenceandimprovingthecountry'soverallnationalstrengthhavebecometheinevitablewaytoactivelyadapttoeconomicglobalization.Yetwiththearrivalofforeigntourists,aseriesofproblemshavealsoemerged.Touristattractions’constructionnotonlyrequiresrichnaturallandscapes,butalsorequiresFujiantoactoninternationalconvention,suchasthequalityoftourismservices,tourisminfrastructureandmanagementoftouristattractions.TheproblemathandisthattherearestillmanyareasinFujiantourismmarketthatneedtobebuiltandimproved.Forforeigntourists,tourcommentariesprovidetouristinformationandservices.Languageisthecarrierandresponseofculture.MillionsofChinese-specificwordsarerootedinthesoilofChinesecultureforthousandsofyearsandhavedeephistoricalandhumanorigins.ItisdifficultforreadersinEnglish-speakingcountriestounderstandtheculturalconnotationofChinese-specificvocabulary.Thisrequirestranslatorstofullyexpressthecultureofculturally-bearingwordswhentranslatingthem.（MinXuan,ZhangLiqun,2017:151）Tourcommentariesareakindofspecialtext,andthehistoricalandculturalinterpretationsoftouristattractionsareexplainedbytheguides,sothattouristscanunderstandtheattractionsandrecognizethemduringthetour.ThepurposeofknowingaboutscenicspotcultureistofurtherpromoteChinesecultureandpromoteChinese-foreignexchanges.Therefore,thequalityoftranslationoftourcommentariesintouristspotsissignificant,whichaffectsthetourexperienceofforeigntouriststoacertainextent,andevenfurtheraffectscross-culturalcommunication.Asamedium,tourcommentaries’mainfunctionshouldbeinformativefunctionandthepersuasivefunction.Inthecommunicationcontextoftraveling,therearetwoparties,thetourguideandthetourist,formingamorespecialrelationshipandaseriesofuniquecontextcharacteristics.Inthiscontext,thetwopartiesarenottalkingtoeachother,whiletheguidesendsinformationandthetouristsreceiveinformation.Inthisspecialcontextitshouldbesaidthatbothexpressionandacceptanceoccupyaveryimportantposition.However,inthefinalanalysis,theexpressionofaguidedependsontheresponseoftherecipient,ortheresponseofthetouristinfluencestheexpressionoftheguide.Theperfecttourcommentaries,ifnotbeunderstoodandaccepted,canonlybeabunchofemptywords.(WangDongmei,2008:80)Fromtheanalysisabove,itcabeseenthatthetranslationoftourcommentarieshasaverycloserelationshipwiththetourists.Thisrequiresguidestoconsiderthespecificcircumstancesofdifferentrecipients,andchoosethelanguageexpressionsthatarethemostunderstandableandacceptabletotouristsaccordingtothespecificbackgroundofthecultural,psychological,andsocialaspectsofthetourists,andtranslateflexibly.Inviewofthis,basedonthefunctionalequivalencetheoryoftranslation,thisarticletakessometouristattractionsinFujianProvinceasanexample,andstudiestheChinese-Englishtranslationtechniquesoftourcommentaries,inhopethatthesetranslationscanfullyexpressthesourcelanguage'ssemanticsandculturalconnotation,aswellasitisinlinewithEnglishlanguageexpressionhabits,therebypromotingthedevelopmentofforeigntourisminFujianandenhancingthebrandandimageofinternationaltouristdestinations.2.FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandItsFeasibilityinTranslationofTourCommentaries2.1DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryIntheearly1960s，afamousAmericanlinguistandtranslatorEugeneA.Nidafirstputforwardthe"Functionalequivalencetheory".Afterwardsheproposedtheconceptofdynamicequivalenceinhisbook《ExplorationintheScienceofTranslation》accordingtoinformationtheory,communicationtheoryandsociolinguistics.Nidadeveloped"dynamicequivalence"into"functionalequivalence"topreventreadersfrommisunderstanding"dynamicequivalence",andtohighlighttheimportanceofequivalenceof"functions",Itisnoteworthythattheso-calledfunctionalequivalenceisnotaone-to-onecorrespondencewiththeoriginaltext,butafunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguages.Theinformationconveyedthroughtranslationcontainssurfacevocabularyinformationanddeepculturalinformation,mainlyincludinglexicalequivalence,syntacticequivalence,discourseequivalence,andstylisticequivalence.Inshort,duringthetranslationprocess,thetranslatorshouldpayattentiontothereceiveroftheinformationandtheeffectivenessoftheinformationtransferandstriveforthetranslationtocorrespondtotheoriginalintermsoflinguisticfunctionratherthanlinguisticform,thatis,"meaningisthemostimportant,followedbyform".(GouJie,2017:46)2.2FourKindsofEquivalence2.2.1LexicalequivalenceLexicalequivalencereferstothemeaningofawordliesinitsusageinlanguage.(FengJian,2018:74)AlmosteveryEnglishwordhasmorethanonemeaning.Forexample,“Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth”isliterallytranslatedas“她含著金湯匙出生”.Whileinpracticalterms“asilverspoon”istranslatedas“金湯匙”,althoughsilverheremeanssilvery,thephraseshouldbetranslatedas“agoldspoon”inaccordancewithChineseculturalhabits.ThesameistrueforChinesetoEnglish.Forexample,the"三通"onthesecondpageofthebookistranslatedto"threedirectlinks"reflectsthis."通"hasmanymeaningsinChinese,mostofwhichareusedasverbs,butthetranslatorchoosesthenounformof"direct"becauseoftheculturalbackgroundknowledgebehindit."三通"referstodirectmail,trade,andnavigationbetweenthetwosidesoftheTaiwanStrait.Sowhenwetranslate,weshouldnotonlyfindoutthemeaningofeachwordinthearticle,butalsofindoutitspartofspeech.Moreimportantly,weshouldcombinethecontextbeforeandafter,andthetranslatedaccordingly.2.2.2syntacticequivalenceLexicalequivalenceonlyinvolveswords,butsyntacticequivalenceinvolvessentences.Takethesingularandpluralasanexample,whenwetranslateChineseintoEnglish,someChinesemaynotexpressthepluralclearly,atthispoint,thetranslatorneedstoanalyzewhetherthepluralformshouldbeusedinEnglishtext.(FengJian,2018:74)Page138inthebookintroducesthehistoryofQuanzhouMaritimeMuseum.Anancientpoemwasquoted——"纏頭赤足多蕃商，大舶高檣多海賓",whichtranslatesas"whenoceangoingjunksflockedtheQuanzhouHarborandthelocalsrubbedshoulderswithforeignmerchantsinthestreets."Inthisinstancewecanseethattranslatorusethepluralforminthetranslatedtextwithconsideration.ThedifferencesinsyntacticstructurebetweenChineseandEnglishalsobringobstaclestotranslators.Chineseattributeisbeforethemodifiedword,whileEnglishhasalotofattributepostposition.WhentranslatingChineseintoEnglish,weshouldpayattentiontowhetherthetranslationconformstothelisteners'expressionhabits.Moreover,thereisnorelativepronouninChinese,whichmeansthattheorderandcombinationofattributiveclausesshouldbeconsideredinEnglishChinesetranslation.SoChinesesentencesaregenerallyshorterthanEnglish.2.2.3passageequivalenceLexicalequivalencepreviouslyintroducedmeansthatwhenwetranslateaword,wemustpayattentiontothemeaningpresentedinconnectionwiththecontext,notjustthemeaningoftheworditself.andchapterequivalenceisaspecificenhancementoflexicalequivalence.Similarly，whenwetranslateaparagraph,wemustseethemeaningandfunctionofthelanguageinaspecificcontext.Soitisnecessaryforthetranslatortohaveaprofoundunderstandingofthecontextwhentranslating.2.2.4textualequivalenceTherearethreeaspectstotextualequivalence:(1)contextualcontext(2)situationcontext(3)culturalcontext.Contextiswhatiswrittenbeforeandafterthetext.Theculturalcontextistheoriginalauthor'sownThebackgroundoftheculturalera.Therefore,inthetranslationprocess,weshouldmakesoundreasoning.(FengJian,2018:74)Differentstylisticlanguageshavedifferentcharacteristics.Sotranslatorsshouldtranslateaccordingtospecificsituationandlanguagecharacteristics.Forexample,thestylisticstyleofnarrativeandnarrativeisverydifferent.Ifyouwanttotranslateacaptionbuttranslateitintoanarrative,thenthistranslationisafailure.Moreover,whentranslatingthetourcommentaries,youshouldpayattentiontosomespecialstyles,includingpoetry,couplets,etc.,whicharethemostprominentandcharacteristicofChina.Forexample,thestyleofargumentationandnarrationistotallydifferent.Itwouldbeverydisappointingifwetranslateanargumentationintoanarrative.Moreover,whentranslatingtheguidewords,youshouldpayattentiontosomespecialstyles,includingpoetry,couplets,etc.,whicharethemostprominentandcharacteristicofChina.Whenitcomestothetranslationofpoetry,translatorsshouldtakenoteofitslanguagestructure,rhymecharacteristicsandculturalconnotation.It'sfarfromenoughiftheyjusttranslatetheliteralmeaningofpoetry.(FengJian,2018:75)Inthe151stpagesofthebook,apoemwrittenbyTaoYuanming,theEasternJinDynastyfamouspoetiscited:“結(jié)廬在人境，而無車馬喧；問君何能爾，心遠(yuǎn)地自偏；采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥相與還。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。”Itistranslatedas“WithintheworldofmenImakemyhome,Yetdinofhorseandcarriagethereisnone;Youaskmehowthisquietisachieved；Withthoughtsremotetheplaceappearsalone.WhilepickingastersbeneaththeEasternfence.MygazeupontheSouthernmountainrests;Themountainviewsaregoodbydayornight,Thebirdcomeflyinghomewardtotheirnests,Atruthinthisreflectionliesconcealed,ButIforgethowitmayberevealed.”Becausethestyleoftheoriginaltextispoetry,sothetranslatoralsotranslatedaccordingtothepatternofEnglishpoetry,notonlytorhyme,butalsototranslatethespiritualconnotationoftheoriginalpoem,thewordsaccuratewords,sothatforeigntouristswhodonotunderstandChinesecanalsounderstandthebeautyoftheoriginalpoemmoving,itisagoodtranslation.AfterNidaandhistranslationtheorywereintroducedintoChinainthe1970s,itscoreconcept,equivalence,wasquicklyacceptedbymanyscholarsinthetranslationfield.Translationtheorywithparityasitsmaincorewasalsowidelyusedintranslationpractice.(WangBo,HaoXingyue,2018:16)Hepointedoutthat"translationistoreproducethesourcelanguageinformationfromsemantictostylisticinthemostappropriate,naturalandequivalentlanguage".2.3FunctionalEquivalenceTheory’sFeasibilityinTranslationofTourCommentariesNidaintroducedthetheoreticalscienceofequivalenceintotranslationstudies,andfurtherdefinedtranslationas"reproducingtheinformationofthesourcelanguagewiththeclosestandmostnaturalequivalentinthetargetlanguage,firstofall,meaningequivalence,andthenstyleequivalence".Nidaregardsthetransmissionofsourcelanguageinformationasthefirststepintranslation,andconveysthecontentofthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguagereaders,thatis,"theinterpretationoflanguageinformationorsemanticinformationenjoyspriorityintranslation".ThereisalargedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterncultures,whichisreflectedintheirlinguisticforms.Therefore,translatorsneedtoseekfunctionalequivalentsinthetwoculture,passthesourcetextinformationtotargetreaders,andspreadtheconnotationofculturally-bearingwords.Nida'sfunctionalequivalencetheoryhighlightsthereactionofsourceandtargetreaderstotextualinformation,thetransmissionofinformationinlanguagetexts,andseekstranslationequivalencelanguagebetweenlanguagesandcultures.Besides,sometimestranslatorshavetoreorganizetheoriginaltextformandsemanticstructureinanappropriateway.Functionalequivalencetheoryhasalwaysfollowedtheprincipleofequivalence,whichisoneofNida'stranslationtheories-readers'reflectiontheory.BritishtranslatorTytleronceproposedthreeprinciplesoftranslationwhichalsocontainsreaders'reflectiontheory：1.Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptotheideasoftheoriginalwork.2.Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.3.Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.Hebelievesthatexcellenttranslationisthecompletetranslationoftheoriginallanguage'sexcellenceintothetranslatedlanguage,sothatreaderscanappreciatethisbeautyasmuchastheoriginalreaders.MaoDun,afamouswriterinChina,oncesaid:"Wecanuseadifferentculturallanguagetoexpressthebeautyoftheartintheoriginalcontentoftheoriginalcontenttothereaders.Whenthereadersreadit,theycancommunicatewiththeoriginalreaders.Withthesamefeelings,orevenaspiritualblendwiththeauthor,thistranslationcanbecomeanequivalenttranslation."(GouJie,2017:46)Therefore,whentranslatingtourcommentaries,firstofall,takeChinesecultureasthecore,andretainasmanyoriginalChineseculturalelementsaspossible,insteadofcateringtoforeigntouristsblindlyandforciblyalienating.Cross-culturaltranslationisnotonlyaconversionoflinguisticformorthetransmissionofculture,itisawayofexpressingtheculturalcontentofthesourcelanguageinalanguageformthatiseasyforthelistenertounderstand.Translationequivalenceisinterlingualequivalence.Translatorsshouldseek"culturalequivalence"intranslation,reproducingthemeansofexpressionofthesourcelanguage,andmakingagreatcontributiontothetransmissionofthesourcelanguagecultureandtheexpansionofChineseculturalinfluence.Secondly,thefocusshouldbeputonthetranslationtext,whichmeansthatthetranslatormuststandonthelistenerduringtranslation.Inordertoallowforeigntouriststoenjoysightseeingandcommentaryinabriskatmosphere,thecharacteristicsoftheguideworditselfanditstranslationshouldbejustinlinewiththeprincipleofdynamicequivalenceinthefunctionalequivalencetheory.Itisoftheoreticalandpracticalsignificancetostudythetranslationoftourtourcommentariesfromatheoreticalperspective.3.TranslationofTourCommentariesandTechniquesByanalyzingthebook《EnglishTourCommentariesinMajorTouristAttractionsinFujianProvince》,wecanseethatthetranslatorsmainlyusethefollowingtranslationtechniques:amplification,omission,parodyandparaphrase.Thewriterheretakessomeexamplestoinvestigatetheirrespectiveadvantages.3.1AmplificationAdditionaltranslationreferstotheadditionofexplanatoryorelaborativecontentbasedontheactualneedsoftheoriginalinformation,suchaswriting,interpreting,andcommentingmethods,tohelpforeigntouristsbetterunderstandtheculturalconnotationoftourtourcommentaries.SomeChinesewordsthatareallowedtoomittedinEnglishdonotexistorarenotallowed,orthetextualinformationimplicitinChineseisincomprehensibletothereaderofthetargetlanguage.Therefore,theomissionsinChineseatthistimeneedtobecompletedinthecorrespondingtranslation,ortheinformationhiddeninthesourcetextisaddedtothetranslationtomeettheinformationneedsofEnglish-speakingtourists.Theadditionaltranslationchangesonlythewayofinformationtransmission,butdoesnotincreasethesemanticcontentoftheoriginalinformation.Thepurposeistomakethetranslatedinformationmoreexpressiveandaccurate.(LiXiaoxu,2017:103)E.g:春秋戰(zhàn)國時期，福建分屬楚、越管轄，境內(nèi)聚居著古越民族。Translation：LaterintheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriodswhenFujianwasgovernedbytheYueState(fromtheeighthtothefifthcenturyBC)andtheChuState(fromthefifthtothethirdcenturyBC),thisregionbecamethehometotheancientYuenationality.AsaChinese,mostpeoplehavelearnedhistoryandhavesomeknowledgeofthetwocountriesmentionedintheoriginaltext,butforforeigntouristsitisamessandunheardof.Thedifferencesbetweenlanguagesreflectmanyaspects,suchasculturalbackground,logicalthinking,syntacticstructure,etc.Thisdifferenceisespeciallyreflectedinthelanguagesofdifferentlanguagefamilies.Translationsthatareabsolutelyequivalenttotheoriginalaretooidealistic.Itisalmostimpossibletodothisinreallife.Atthistime,itisnecessarytoaddappropriatesupplementaryexplanationsinthetranslationforabriefintroduction.Ifitistoodetailed,tellingthishistoryfrombeginningtoend,itwillnotcatchthepoint,resultingintoomuchredundancy.3.2OmissionReducedtranslationreferstothereductionofinformationthatthetranslatorthinksthereaderdoesnotneed,makingthetranslationmoreconciseandeasytounderstand.InChinese,parallelism,four-characterwordsareoftenusedtoindicatetherhythmoremphasisofthelanguage,butifweusesuchtechniquesinEnglishthetextwouldberathertedious.Nida'sprincipleofreductionis:Iftherepetitionpartisjustsomethingthatcausesmisunderstanding,anddeletingsomeformelementscanbetterachievethecorrespondence,thenwecanomititdirectly.(LiXiaoxu,2017:103)E.g:林進(jìn)嶼島上，到處是火山噴發(fā)形成的石頭，千奇百怪，形態(tài)各異，鬼斧神工，惟妙惟肖。Translation：OnLinjinIsland,volcanicbouldersinvarioussizesandshapesareeverywhere.Theymaylooklikeanythingifyouuseyourimagination.Inordertohighlightthestrangenessanduniquenessofthestone,theoriginaltextusesfourfour-characteridioms.However,ifeachidiomistranslatedverbatim,itwillbetoorigid.Becausethisparagraphisdescriptiveandtouristsdon'tneedtounderstandthesefouridiomsdeeply,soyouonlyneedtotranslateitscentralmeaning.3.3ParodyParodytranslationistoimitatetheexistingexpressionsinthetargetlanguage,suchasfamoussayings,proverbs,andslightlychangeittomaximizefunctionalequivalence.Inthisway,the"authentic"translationcannotonlymakeitcleartoforeigntourists,butitwillnotcauseambiguityItisalsoeasierforthemtoacceptandunderstand,andithaseffectivelyachievedtheeffectandpurposeofEnglishtranslationoftourtourcommentaries.(LiXiaoxu,2017:103)E.g.:你要是個“吃貨”的話，那么龍巖更是不得不游覽的啦！Translation:Ifyouareafoodie,Longyanisdefinitelythefirstplacethatyoushouldputonyourlisttovisit."吃貨"intheoriginaltextisaChinesewebvocabulary,meaningpeoplewholovefood,translatedas"foodie"isveryappropriate,inlinewiththelanguageandculturalhabitsofBritishandAmericantourists.3.4ParaphraseFreetranslationistochangetheformoftheoriginaltext,andtoretaintheinformationoftheoriginaltexttothegreatestextentbyadjustingthelanguageformofthetranslation.Duetodifferencesinculturalbackground,cognitiveperspectives,thinkingmethods,etc.,translatorsshouldadopttheparaphrasemethodsothatthetranslationcanbefaithfulandachievetheexpectedeffect.What’smore,suchmethodalsotakeintoconsiderationtheculturalcustoms,thinkingmodesandlanguageexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguagereaders.Atthesametime,theEnglishtranslationoftourcommentariesshouldalsoreflecthumanecare,tobereceivedandunderstoodbythereader.(LiXiaoxu,2017:103)E.g.:因而有“衣冠南渡，八姓入閩”之說。Translation:Asasayinggoes:CivilizationspreadedtotheSouthasmigrantsfromeightfamiliessettledinFujian.Theword"衣冠"intheoriginaltextisaChinese-specificvocabulary."衣"referstoclothes,and"冠"referstoahat.Ithasmultiplemeanings:itrefersgenerallytoclothingandwear,ceremonialrobe,literatiandofficialdom(infeudalChina)andcivilizedetiquette.The"衣冠南渡"mentionedintheoriginaltextreferstocivilizedetiquette.Iftheliteraltranslationof"clothesandhat"istoobiased,thenthetranslatorneedstohaveabroaderknowledge,translatedas""civilization"isexactandconcise.4.ConclusionItisthediscrepancyinculturalbackgroundandwayofthinkingbetweenChineseandtheWesternersthathavebroughtaboutahugegapinculturalunderstanding.TherearelotsofwordswithChinesecharacteristicsthatcarrythecultureoftheChinesenationandtheprofoundhistoricalconnotationamongtourcommentaries.Andthosewordshavealwaysbeenverydifficulttotranslateaccurately.Therefore,Iwouldliketoapplythetheoryoffunctionalequivalencetoanalyzethetranslationtechniquesandguidingsignificanceoftourcom