廣東省2026屆普通高中畢業(yè)班第二次調(diào)研考試英語2025.12本試卷共8頁，滿分120分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡寫上考生姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號等相關(guān)信息。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)；如需改動(dòng)的，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔，考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AIfyou'reconcernedaboutthecostofgasandtheenvironmentalimpactofgas-poweredcars,anddon'twanttoworryaboutthechargingchallengesassociatedwiththepureelectricvehicle(EV),it'stimetotakeacloserlookatahybrid(混合的)electricvehicle(HEV)。Whilesalespeoplemightsimplyadviseyouto“plugindailyandusegasforlongertrips,”understandingtheunderlyingmechanicsiskeytodeterminingifanHEVtrulyfitsyourneeds.Essentially,anHEVoffersyouthebestofgascarsandEVs.AnHEVhastwosourcesofpower:aninternalcombustion(燃燒)engine(ICE)andatleastoneelectricmotor.TherearetwomaintypesofHEV:parallel(并聯(lián)式)hybridandserieshybrid.Theparallelhybrid(PHEV)aimstokeepthecoredesignsoftheconventionalgas-poweredvehicleswhileloweringtheoperationcostsandimprovingenvironmentalperformance.Reducedtoitsbasics,itssystemusesICEandelectricmotorstopowerthewheels——eithertogetherorindependently.Thisstructureperformsreliablyonlong-distancejourneysandcomplexroadconditions,wherethecombustionengineoperatesefficiently.Inthecaseofserieshybrid(SHEV),thevehiclerunsonlyonelectricity,whichisfromthebattery.Whenthebatteryisexhausted,theICEswitcheson——nottodrivethewheelsdirectly,buttopowerthegeneratorandchargethebattery.Thissetupofferssmootherandquieterdrivingoperationwhichissimilartopureelectricvehicles.It'sgenerallymoreeco-friendly,andfurtherreducesthecostofuse.Intoday'smarket,conventionalgascarsaregoingsignificantlycheaper,whilestylishpureelectricvehicleshavebecomesymbolsofmodernstatus.TheHEV,strikingapracticalbalancebetweenthesetwoextremes,certainlydeservesacloserlook.英語第1頁(共8頁)PropertiesParallelHybridSerieshybridUrbanEfficiencyLowerHigherHighwayEfficiencyHigherLowerFuelConsumptionHigherLowerPowerPerformanceHigherLowerSalesPriceLowerHigher21.WhatisanadvantageofHEVscomparedwithothertypesofvehicles?A.They'resimplerindesign. B.They'recheapertopurchase.CThey'remoreeco-friendly. D.They'remorepracticaltouse.22.WhatdoestheICEinaserieshybridcardirectlyworkon?A.Replacingthegenerator. B.Drivingthewheels.C.Startingtheelectricmotor. D.Chargingthebattery.23.InwhichaspectarePHEVsgenerallybetterthanSHEVs?A.Mountainroaddriving. B.In-citytransportation.C.Wastegasesproduction. D.Vehiclerunningcosts.BThesunhangsheavyovercentralIraqinthelateafternoon,paintingtheruinsofBabyloninheatandlight.Dustrisesfromthegroundinsoftclouds,creatingascenethatseemsolderthantimeitself.Inthismomentthecityfeelsbothemptyandtimeless,itssilencebrokenonlybythevisitorswhohavecometostandinthefootprintsofkings.Once,BabylonwasthejewelofMesopotamia,thecitythatgaveitsnametoentireeras——theOld,Middle,andNewBabylonianperiods.Itwasherewheregrandtemplesandpalaceswerebuilt,andwherepoetsandhistoriansimaginedoneoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld:theHangingGardens.AncientGreekandRomanwritersdescribedthemasagreenparadise(天堂),wateredbyartfulpumpsthatliftedwaterfromtheEuphratesRiver.Accordingtotales,Nebuchadnezzar,thenKingofBabylon,hadthembuiltforhisqueenwholongedfortheforestedmountainsofherhomeland.ForsomeIraqiarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家),thegardensaremorethanfairytales.SomebelievethegardenswerelocatednearthecityofHillah,aboutatwo-hourdrivesouthofthecapitalBaghdad,whileotherspointtoNineveh,hundredsofmilestothenorth.Fortravelers,however,thedebatehardlymatters.Standingamongtheruins,ittakesagoodimaginationtothinkofthegardensthatleftnomarkstofollow.Inrecenttimes,conservationworkhasbeencarriedouttorestorepartsofBabylon.Withthemanychallengesthesitefaces,itisoftenindividualsratherthaninstitutionsthatkeepBabylon'sstoriesalive.Wemeta22-year-oldtourguideHashem,whowasenthusiasticaboutintroducingIraqihistorytoforeigners.HegraduatedfromtheUniversityofBabylonwithadegreeinbiomedicalengineering,andafterthatheturnedtotourism,wherehisknowledgeandcommandofEnglishcameinhandy.Beyonditsbrokenwalls,Babyloncontinuestocastitsspell.Visitorscomeandexpressadmiration,wonderinghowtheHangingGardensoncerosefromthedesertplain.Theruinsmaybegonesomeday,butthetaleswillliveon.英語第2頁(共8頁)24.WhydoesthewriterdescribetheruinsofBabyloninparagraph1?A.Toexplainthereasonsforitsdestruction.B.Tohighlightitsheavyboringatmosphere.C.Tocreateacontrastwithitssplendidpast.D.Toexpressadmirationforitsgreathistory.25.WhatdoarchaeologistsdisagreeaboutregardingtheHangingGardens?A.Itslocation. B.Itsorigin.C.Itsdesigner. D.Itsinfluence.26.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingHashem'sstory?A.Therestorationworkprovidesjobopportunities.B.Ordinarypeoplecontributetopreservinghistory.C.Tourismissuccessfulinareaswitharichculture.D.Thecountryisinneedofenergeticyoungpeople.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"castitsspell"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Remaininruins. B.Disappearovertime.C.Holdgreatcharm. D.Makepeoplepuzzled.CSo,you'vefinishedthatdullbook.Yousatthroughthemovieyoupaidfor,superbored.Stoodinalongqueueforthatmilktea.Paidmuchfortheluxuryhandbag——expensivenonsense.Whatdothesehaveincommon?They'reallexamplesofwhateconomistscall"sunkcosts(沉沒成本)”:thepriceyou'vealreadypaid——intime,money,effort,suffering,foranitemoranexperience——holdsyoutothem.It'saphenomenonweallrecognize.Itaffectsourbehaviorinwaysthatcanbeunreasonable.Butwedoit.Toavoidthesituation,economiststellustomakedecisionsbasedmainlyonfuturevalue,notpastinvestment.Iftheongoingcostoutweighstheexpectedbenefit,oneshouldcuttheirlossesandwalkaway.Ithurts,yes,butthiscold,clearlogicprotectsusfromgoingbroke.Yet,lifeisrarelysoneatlycalculated.Thispurelyeconomicviewraisesdifficultquestions:Doesthevalueofanexperiencelieonlyinitsoutcome,oralsointheprocess?Ajoyfuljourneywithanordinarygoalandapainfuloneaimedatasplendidachievement,whichoneismoreworthwhile?Whenitcomestoeducation,thesunkcoststheorydoesn'tseemapplicable.Parentsandteacherspourimmeasurableamountofinvestment——love,time,hope,money——intothegrowthofachild.Willthechildturnoutthewaytheyexpect?Noguarantee.Ifweviewthisthroughastrictcost-benefitangle,muchofeducationcanbewrittenoffasa“sunkcost.”Educationisobviouslydifferentfromthecommercialworld.Achild'sgrowthcannotbeplannedlikeabusinessstrategy;itunfoldslikeauniqueandunpredictablestory.Wecan'tdreamhisdreamsorlivehislife;wecanonlybuildthestage,andlighthispath.Ineducationwehavetoholdontothisfaith:everythingwedoforachildisworthwhile.Everyactofloveislikeofferinglightandwatertoaseed;whilewecan'tseeitsrootsgrowunderground,weknowit.Thatchildwillblossom(開花)someday.Notallthathascostissunk.28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Boringbutbeneficial. B.Interestingbutworthless.C.Joyfulandworthwhile.D.Senselessandregrettable.第3頁(共8頁)29.Whatdoeconomistsadviseustodotoavoidsunkcosts?A.Focusontheoutcome. B.Ignorethefuturelosses.C.Calculatethepastcost. D.Pursuethehiddengains.30.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardstheinvestmentineducation?A.Indifferent. B.Favorable.C.Balanced. D.Critical.31.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Topromoteaprinciple. B.Tocorrectamisbehavior.C.Tochallengeaconcept. D.Topresentaphenomenon.DThreescientistsmadegroundbreakingdiscoveriesontheworkingmechanismoftheimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)).Theyidentified“regulatoryTcells,”whichfunctionastheimmunesystem'ssecurityguards,preventingimmunecellsfromattackingthebody'sowntissuesandcausingsevereautoimmunediseases.Theimmunesystem'sprimaryroleistodist?ngu?shforeignmicrobes(細(xì)菌)fromthebody'sowncellsandthenattackthem.However,microbescandevelopsimilaritiestohumancells.Ifthispretencesucceeds,itcanleadtoaformofbiological“friendlyfire,”wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody'sowncells.ItwaslongbelievedthattheimmunesystemwasmainlyprotectedbyTcellsthatcanrecognizeandkillmicrobes.However,somepuzzlingauto?mmunereactionspointedtotheexistenceofanother,morecomplexregulator.ImmunologistShimonisamongthescientistswhoconductedfurtherresearch.In1995,hediscoveredinmicethatthereisaparticulargroupofimmunecells,whichhenamed“regulatoryTcells,”workingasthebody'ssecurityguardsthatstopimmunecellsfromattackingself-tissues.Meanwhileintheearly2000s,bio-technologistsBrunkowandRamsdellinvestigatedwhyaspecifictypeofmousewasparticularlysensitivetoautoimmunediseases.Theirexperimentstookmanyyears.Whilemappingamouse'sgenome(基因組)todaytakesonlydays,backthenitwaslikelookingforaneedleinahugepileofstraw.TheyfinallyfoundthesourceoftroublewasavariationofthegenenamedFoxp3,andfurtherdiscoveredthatasimilarerrorinahuman’sgenecausesIPEXsyndrome,aseriousautoimmunedisease.Afterwards,Shimonlinkedtheirresearchtohisown,provingthatFoxp3aidsinthecreationandtheoperationofregulatoryTcells,ensuringthattheimmunesystemisstrongenoughtofightoffmicrobesandatthesametimecontrolledenoughnottoinjurethebody.Theirfoundationaldiscoverieshavepavedthewayforpotentialnewtreatmentsforautoimmuneconditions,aswellasmoreeffectivecancertreatmentsandreducedcomplicationsafterorgantransplants.32.Whatistheresultof“friendlyfire”?A.Killingofforeignmicrobes. B.Wrongattackonhumancells.C.Immunecells’development. D.Microbes’successfuldisguise.33.WhydidShimonconductthemiceresearch?A.Towinanaward. B.Tosolveapuzzle.C.Totreatadisease. D.Todefendabelief.英語第4頁(共8頁)34.What'sthepurposeofmentioning"aneedleinahugepileofstraw"inparagraph4?A.Tointroducethelonghistoryofmedicalscience.B.Toemphasizetheimportantroleofthelabmice.C.Tostressthedifficultyofdoingtheexperiments.D.Toshowtherarenessofanautoimmunedisease.35.Whatistherootreasonofautoimmunediseasesaccordingtothediscoveries?A.AnerrorhappenstotheFoxp3gene.B.RegulatoryTcellsaredistinguished.C.Theimmunesystemisunderattack.D.Microbesforceintothehumanbody.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Horace,thefamousRomanpoetwholivedfrom65BCto8BC,oncesaid,"Thepoet'saimistocombinethedelightfulandtheuseful."Apoetwilltakeinsightsintoourworldcoveredinfogandcutthroughthatfogtorevealthetruthbeneathintheirpoetry.36Poetryisrichinwisdomandknowledge,yetitisoftenremarkablybriefinform.We'relivinginaworldwhereeverythingbecomessofast-pacedthatit'shardtofocusonanythingforlong.37Itallowsustostartandfinishsomethingofvaluewithinlife'ssmallwindowsoftime——whetherwe'rewaitingforthebuswithourchild,orseekingameaningfulthoughttoshareatthedinnertable.Itcanbespokenoverouraudience,orusedtostartadeeperdiscussion.Similartothewayinwhichpoetryrevealshidden,yetfamiliartruths,itcanalsorevealhiddenyetfamiliarbeauty.Whenapoetusesbeautifullanguagetodescribeelementsofbeautywithinourworld,wemayfeelshocked.38Onlythenwillwerealizethatwehaveneverfullyappreciatedthethingsaroundus.Webegintolearntheartoftreasuringwhatwehave.39Bythoughtfullyengagingwithpoetry,westepintotheperspectivesofothers.Intheprocess,wewillsharpenourawareness,deepenourempathy(同理心),andactivelyexpandouremotionalintelligence.Topassdownthepowerofpoetrytothenextgeneration,it'sbesttodevelopaloveandappreciationforitinourchildrenfromanearlyage.40Thispracticeoffersanopportunitytocreateabondingexperienceandlastingmemories.A.Ashortpoemisagiftforus.B.Poemscaninspireusinanumberofways.C.Inthisway,poetryhelpsusunderstandtheworldbetter.D.Poetryfuelsourcuriosityandunlocksfurtherexploration.E.Itinvolvesspendingplentyoftimereadingpoemstogether.F.Poetrygivesvoicetooursharedhumanemotionsandexperiences.G.Suddenlywebecomeawareofthebeautysocloseyetunseenbefore.英語 第5頁 (共8頁)第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LastOctober,myfamilytookacampingtriptoLakeHoustonwildernessPark.Itwasanearly41afternoon,andthewarmsuncastagolden42overthewholepark.Wemadeourwayalongthepath,feelingthegentlewindthroughthetreesandlisteningtothecrackingsoundofdried43beneathourfeet.Asdarkfell,theairgrew44.We'djustfinishedsettingupourtentwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.Myparentsjumpedupandhurriedto45thingswithaplasticcloth,buttome,the46rainmeantfun.Weduckedintothetentandwrappedourselvesinwarmblankets.Withraindropsfallingonthetent,we47snacks,storiesandlaughterintheheartofnature.Then,outofnowhere,weheardheavy48approaching,alarminglyclose.Beforewecouldreact,thetent49aroundus,trappingusinamess.We50:Wasitawildman?Aforestmonster?Heartracing,we51ourselvesoutfromunderthetent,onlytoseesomecattlehurryingaway—theyhad52overourtentropesintheway.Aswestoodthere,catchingourbreath,wenoticedthe53hadstoppedcompletely.Thenightskyhad54intoadeepblue,decoratedwithcountlessstarsandasilverymoon.Aftertakingamomenttosetthetentbackup,welitacampfireandstartedbarbecueinginthebrightmoonlight.Itwastrulya(n)55andmemorablenight!41.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter42.A.light B.shadow C.fire D.thread43.A.fruits B.stones C.insects D.leaves44.A.thin B.cool C.calm D.fine45.A.hold B.cover C.repair D.gather46.A.unwelcome B.unrecorded C.unending D.unexpected47.A.ate B.shared C.made D.passed48.A.footsteps B.heartbeats C.thunderstorms D.gunshots49.A.circled B.flew C.collapsed D.shook50.A.hesitated B.cheered C.panicked D.debated51.A.drove B.threw C.pulled D.picked52.A.jumped B.dropped C.rolled D.tripped53.A.rain B.cattle C.laughter D.show54.A.got B.rushed C.sank D.cleared55.A.adventurous B.instructive C.romantic D.familiar英語第6頁(共8頁)第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！癝pongecity”isarevolutionaryapproachtourbandesign.Theconcept,first56(propose)byChineselandscapearchitectKongjianYu,usesnaturalwatersystemsinurbansites57(reduce)thepossibilityofflooding,watershortagesandtheurbanheatislandeffect,anditisnowbeingpractisedallovertheworld.HavinggrownupinruralChina,Yudevelopedanawarenessofthe58(season)movementofnaturalwaterwaysandtheroleofvegetationinregulatingtheirflow.WitnessingtheeffectivenessofChineseirrigation(灌溉)networkshelpedhimdevelopthespongecityphilosophy,59eventuallybecamepartofChina'surbanismpolicyin2014.He60(award)the2023OberlanderPrizeforhisworkaddressingclimate-change-worsenedurbanflooding.The“sponginess,”oracity'sabilitytoabsorbrainwater,is61keymeasuretofightclimatechange.Acity'ssponginessisaffectedbythebalancebetweenblue(ponds,lakes),green(grass,trees)62grey(buildings,hardsurfaces)infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).spongecitiesworkintunewithnaturetoquicklyabsorbheavyrainfallandlaterreleasetheextrawaterintoriversandwatersystemsslowly,63(avoid)theriskofarapidriseinwaterlevels.Therearesomegoodexamplesof“spongycities,”andAucklandinNewZealand64(top)thelist.It'smainlyduetothegreenandblueinfrastructurethatcovershalfofitsurbanarea.Others,65ChongqingandWuhaninChina,havekickedoffspongecitypilotprogramsinresponsetogrowingclimatethreats.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，近期你去博物館時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多低齡兒童參與觀展。請給英國筆友Chris寫一封郵件討論這一現(xiàn)象，內(nèi)容包括：1.你的觀察；2.你的看法。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearChris,Howarethingsgoing?I'mwritingtodiscusswithyouaphenomenoninthemuseum.Yourssincerely,LiHua英語第7頁(共8頁)第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。I'verecentlybecomeinterestedinmountainclimbing.It'smainlyduetomyfriendTim,anexperiencedhiker.Initially,Isawhikingaspointless——exhaustingmusclesundertheburningsun,carryingheavyloads,withnoeasywayback.Whyendure（忍受）that?Lastmonth,Timconvincedmetojoinhiminclimbingasmallhill.Tomysurprise,theviewfromthetopwasbreathtaking.Iwitnessedanamazingsunsetoverthesea.Thathumblepeakofferedunexpectedjoy,awakeningadesireformore——cloudseas,sunrises,andbird's-eyeviews.Afterafewmoremountainclimbingattempts,Ideclared,“IwillchallengetheHero'sRoute”!Itwasademanding20-kilometertrail(小徑)acrossseveralhighpeaks,atestof“heroes.”ButTimtriedtocoolmedown.“It'snoteasy,”hewarned.“Itrequirestraining,notjustenthusiasm.”ButIbelieved“Nothingisimpossibleinfrontofawillingheart,”sothefollowingweekendIsetoffalonewithouttellingTim.Idecidedtogivehimabigsurprise.Atthefootofthemountain,Isawsomegroupsofclimberswithwalkie-talkies.Ilaughed——realheroesjourneyalone.Thefirstpeakwasrewarding,withcoolwindsandglimpsesofthesea.ButasIpushedonward,thetrailturnedwildandrugged.Steeprocksforcedmetocrawlonallfours.Theskydarkened,threateningrain.Tirednesssetin,andtheotherclimbershadallovertakenme,leavingmecompletelyalone.Thetrailseemedendless.RainsoonpouredandIwaswetthrough.Therocksbecameslippery,makingeverystepastruggle.Tomakemattersworse,myphonehadnosignal.Desperationmountedinme.Around5:30PM,therewerestilltwopeaksahead.Exhaustedandhavingbarelyprogressed,IfoundaweaksignalonmyphoneandhurriedlycalledTim.Hewasshocked,butaftercheckingmylocation,hecalmlygavemeinstructions.“Stopgoingahead.You'vejustpassedasidetraildowntoavillage.Itismarkedwithablueribbon(絲帶).Finditandtakethepath——I'llmeetyoumidway.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。ButnowIhesitated,becausetakingthesidetrailmeantfailure.Climbingdownthepathtothevillageatnightwasstillverychallenging.英語第8頁(共8頁)廣東省2026屆普通高中畢業(yè)班第二次調(diào)研考試英語參考答案第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)21-23DDA 24-27CABC 28-31DABC 32-35BBCA第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)36-40CAGFE第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)41-45CADBB 46-50DBACC 51-55CDADA第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)56.proposed 57.toreduce 58.seasonal 59which 60.wasawarded61.a 62.and 63.avoiding 64.tops 65.like/including第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)Possibleversion1:DearChris,Howareyoudoing?I'mwritingtodiscusswithyouaphenomenoninthemuseum.RecentlyI'vefoundtheexhibitionhallsfilledwithmoreandmoreveryyoungchildren.Theyhangaroundexhibitswithgreatcuriosity,frequentlyraisingquestionstotheadultswhoaccompanythemandreceivingpatientanddetailedanswers.LastweekendIevensawsomelittlechildrenpaintingthere——theytransformedthemuseumintoanartclassroom.Ireallyappreciatehowthemuseumhasbecomeavividextensionoftraditionalschooling.Itisaperfectplacetoseeandexperiencethebeautyofart,historyandscience,andchildren'sdesireoflearningcanbeinspiredataveryyoungageandinaverynaturalway.IsthiscommoninmuseumsinEngland?I'dlovetohearyourthoughts.Bestwishes,Yourssincerely,LiHuaPossibleversion2:Howareyoudoing?I'mwritingtodiscusswithyouaphenomenoninthemuseum.RecentlyI'vefoundtheexhibitionhallsfilledwithmoreandmoreveryyoungchildren.Themuseumhasbecomenoticeablynoisy,withloudvoicesandevencrying.Parentsareoftenreadingorexplainingexhibitdescriptions,frequentlyurgingtheirchildrentolistencarefully.Somekidsseemuninterestedandpreferrunningaround,whichdisturbsothervisitors.Inmyview,whileit'sgoodtoimmersechildreninartandcultureearly,parentsshouldensuretheybehaveappropriately.Otherwise,theexperiencelosesitsvalue.HowdomuseumsintheUK英語參考答案第1頁(共7頁)addressthisissue?I'dliketohearyourthoughts.Bestwishes,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)Onepossibleversion:ButnowIhesitated,becausetakingthesidetrailmeantfailure.Ihadcomesofar,andtoturnbacknowfeltlikeadmittingIwasn'tstrongenough,thatIwasn'tthe"hero"Ihadsetouttobe.Butasastormwascomingcloseandmybodygrewweaker,Irealizedthetrailwasnolongerjustachallengeofendurance;ithadbecomeatestoflife.AtlastIacceptedthatI'dbetterquittheHero'sRoutethistime.Iturnedback,searchedcarefullyfortheblueribbonandreluctantlyfolloweditdown.Climbingdownthepathtothevillageatnightwasstillverychallenging.Ihadlosttrackoftime,thedarknessclosinginonme.JustasIwaslosingallhope,Isawabeamoflightahead.ItwasTim.Hisappearanceatthatmomentalmostmademecry.Whenwefinallymadeitdowntothevillage,Iapologizedformyrecklessbehavior."You'restillahero."Timsaidwithawarmsmile,"becauseaheroknowswhentostayonandwhentogiveup."ButIknewIwasnot.Atrueheroknowstorespect,andtoactwisely.Thatwasalessonthemountainstaughtme.英語參考答案第2頁(共7頁)【答案解析】第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了混合動(dòng)力汽車(HEV)及其兩種主要類型————并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力(PHEV)和串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力(SHEV)的工作原理與性能特點(diǎn)，旨在幫助讀者根據(jù)自身需求進(jìn)行選擇。21.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“HEVoffersyouthebestofgascarsandEVs”及最后一段“strikingapracticalbalancebetweenthesetwoextremes”可知,HEV的核心優(yōu)勢在于它結(jié)合了汽油車和電動(dòng)車的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，取得了“實(shí)用的平衡”。選項(xiàng)A文中沒有提及，文中只能找到汽油車價(jià)格下降，故排除選項(xiàng)B，至于環(huán)保，HEV還是比不上純電車。故選D。22.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段對SHEV的描述“theICEswitcheson——nottodrivethewheelsdirectly,buttopowerthegeneratorandchargethebattery”可知,ICE的直接作用是驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)并為電池充電。選項(xiàng)B是PHEV的工作方式。故選D23.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問PHEV在哪個(gè)方面優(yōu)于SHEV。根據(jù)第三段，PHEV的系統(tǒng)“performsreliablyonlong-distancejourneysandcomplexroadconditions”,并且表格顯示其在“PowerPerformance”上更高。因此，在應(yīng)對像“山路駕駛”這類復(fù)雜路況時(shí),PHEV表現(xiàn)更佳。選項(xiàng)B(市內(nèi)交通)和D(運(yùn)行成本)是SHEV的優(yōu)勢；選項(xiàng)C(廢氣排放)也非PHEV強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。故選A。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇游記。作者描繪了伊拉克巴比倫古跡的現(xiàn)況，回顧了其作為古代文明中心的輝煌歷史，特別是關(guān)于“空中花園”的傳說，并介紹了當(dāng)?shù)厝藶閭鞒袣v史所做的努力，展現(xiàn)了古跡經(jīng)久不衰的魅力24.C【解析】推理判斷題。作者在第一段描繪了巴比倫廢墟在烈日與塵土中的空曠與古老，營造出一種時(shí)光流逝的滄桑感。緊接著在第二段開頭使用“Once(曾幾何時(shí))”引出了巴比倫作為美索不達(dá)米亞明珠的輝煌過去。這種從“當(dāng)前荒蕪”到“昔日繁華”的強(qiáng)烈對比，正是作者的寫作意圖。選項(xiàng)A(解釋其毀滅的原因)在文中未提及；選項(xiàng)B(突出其沉悶的氣氛)過于片面，未涉及與下文的聯(lián)系；選項(xiàng)D(表達(dá)對其偉大歷史的欽佩)是第二段的內(nèi)容，而非第一段描寫的目的。故選C。25.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“SomebelievethegardenswerelocatednearthecityofHillah…whileotherspointtoNineveh,hundredsofmilestothenorth.(一些人認(rèn)為花園位于希拉市附近……而其他人則指向北方數(shù)百英里外的尼尼微。)”可知，考古學(xué)家們對于空中花園的具體地理位置存在分歧。故選A。26.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Withthemanychallengesthesitefaces,itisoftenindividualsratherthaninstitutionsthatkeepBabylon'sstoriesalive.”可知，作者通過Hashem的故事說明，在官方保護(hù)面臨困難時(shí)，正是像Hashem這樣的普通人通過自身行動(dòng)延續(xù)著歷史記憶。雖然Hashem是導(dǎo)游，但選項(xiàng)C“Tourismissuccessfulinareaswitharichculture”偏離了文章強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人奉獻(xiàn)的核心，而選項(xiàng)B“Ordinarypeoplecontributetopreservinghistory”準(zhǔn)確抓住了文意。故選B。27.C【解析】詞義猜測題。劃線短語“castitsspell”位于文章最后一段的開頭。該段下文提到“Visitorscomeandexpressadmiration”,并總結(jié)說“廢墟或許會(huì)消失,butthetaleswillliveon”。這些內(nèi)容都表明，巴比倫雖然已成廢墟，但它的吸引力仍然強(qiáng)大，即“散發(fā)著魅力”或英語參考答案第3頁(共7頁)“令人著迷”。故選C。C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的“沉沒成本”概念出發(fā)，探討了這一理論在生活決策尤其是教育領(lǐng)域的適用局限性，最終提出教育投資具有獨(dú)特價(jià)值，并非真正的沉沒成本。28.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段對幾個(gè)例子的描述“dullbook”“superbored”“expensivenonsense”等用詞可知，作者認(rèn)為這些消費(fèi)行為是“無意義且令人后悔的”。選項(xiàng)A(無聊但有益)、B(有趣但無價(jià)值)、C(快樂且值得)均與原文情感色彩不符。故選D。29.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家建議“makedecisionsbasedmainlyonfuturevalue”和“Iftheongoingcostoutweighstheexpectedbenefit,oneshould…walkaway”可知，核心建議是關(guān)注未來結(jié)果與收益。選項(xiàng)B(忽略未來損失)與建議相反；選項(xiàng)C(計(jì)算過去成本)正是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家反對的；選項(xiàng)D(追求隱藏收益)文中未提及。故選A。30.B【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后兩段作者對教育投資的論述“everythingwedoforachildisworthwhile”“Thatchildwillblossomsomeday”等充滿信念的表述可知，作者對教育投資持積極支持(Favorable)的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A(莫不關(guān)心的)、C(平衡的)、D(批判的)均與文章基調(diào)不符。故選B。31.C【解析】寫作目的題。文章首先介紹了“沉沒成本”概念及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的建議，但核心在于后半部分通過教育領(lǐng)域的例證，論證了該理論在生活某些方面的不適用性，旨在挑戰(zhàn)一個(gè)固有概念(沉沒成本理論的普適性)。選項(xiàng)A(推廣一個(gè)原則)、B(糾正一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤行為)和D(解釋一個(gè)現(xiàn)象)均未能準(zhǔn)確概括作者深層的寫作意圖。故選C。D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章介紹了三位科學(xué)家在免疫系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制上的突破性發(fā)現(xiàn)，重點(diǎn)闡述了“調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞”的功能、Foxp3基因的作用及其在自身免疫疾病治療中的重要意義。32.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody'sowncells”可知,“友好火力”的結(jié)果是免疫系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤地攻擊了人體自身細(xì)胞。選項(xiàng)A(殺死外來細(xì)菌)是免疫系統(tǒng)的正常功能，并非“友好火力”的結(jié)果；選項(xiàng)C(免疫細(xì)胞的發(fā)育)和D(細(xì)菌的成功偽裝)是導(dǎo)致該現(xiàn)象的原因，而非結(jié)果。故選B。33.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段，在Shimon研究之前，一些令人困惑的自身免疫反應(yīng)暗示了存在更復(fù)雜的調(diào)節(jié)器，這推動(dòng)了他進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究。因此，他進(jìn)行小鼠研究的目的是為了解決這個(gè)困惑。選項(xiàng)A(為了獲獎(jiǎng))、C(為了治療疾病)和D(為了捍衛(wèi)一個(gè)信念)在文中均無依據(jù)。故選B。34.C【解析】寫作目的題。第四段中，作者將當(dāng)時(shí)定位小鼠基因組的難度比作“大海撈針”，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)Brunkow和Ramsdell進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)所面臨的巨大困難。選項(xiàng)A(介紹醫(yī)學(xué)的悠久歷史)、B(強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠的重要作用)和D(表明自身免疫疾病的罕見性)均非此比喻在文中所要表達(dá)的核心意圖。故選C。35.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TheyfinallyfoundthesourceoftroublewasavariationofthegenenamedFoxp3”,“asimilarerrorinahuman'sgene”也會(huì)導(dǎo)致人患上免疫疾病，以及第五段Shimon將Foxp3基因與調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞的功能聯(lián)系起來，可以推斷，F(xiàn)oxp3基因出錯(cuò)是導(dǎo)致免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能失效、進(jìn)而引發(fā)自身免疫疾病的根本原因。選項(xiàng)B(調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞被區(qū)分出來)是科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，而非病因；選項(xiàng)C(免疫系統(tǒng)受到攻擊)和D(細(xì)菌侵入人體)均不英語參考答案第4頁(共7頁)是文中所述的自身免疫疾病的根源。故選A。第二節(jié)【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞詩歌的價(jià)值展開論述，從揭示真理、呈現(xiàn)美感、提升情商以及代際傳承等多個(gè)層面，闡釋了詩歌在快節(jié)奏現(xiàn)代生活中的獨(dú)特意義。36.C【解析】該空承上啟下。上文引用賀拉斯的名言并闡述詩人能“cutthroughthatfogtorevealthetruthbeneath”,選項(xiàng)C中的“Inthisway”完美承接上文“揭示真理”這一功能，并總結(jié)指出其作用是“understandtheworldbetter”,對應(yīng)前文中詩人能“takeinsightsintoourworld”。故選C。37.A【解析】該空需要對下文進(jìn)行概括。下文具體描述了在等公交、晚餐分享等“l(fā)ife'ssmallwindowsoftime”里，詩歌可以開始并完成一件有價(jià)值的事。選項(xiàng)A“Ashortpoemisagiftforus”是對這一情景的精準(zhǔn)比喻和概括，與之形成呼應(yīng)，也對應(yīng)此段的段首句中提到的詩歌精短的特點(diǎn)，“itisoftenremarkablybriefinform”。故選A。38.G【解析】該空與上文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。上文提到詩人用美言描繪世間美，我們可能會(huì)感到震撼。選項(xiàng)G以“Suddenly”開頭，生動(dòng)地描繪了震撼后的結(jié)果————“‘webecomeawareofthebeautysocloseyetunseenbefore”,這與下文的“‘wehaveneverfullyappreciatedthethingsaroundus’”形成自然的邏輯銜接。故選G。39.F【解析】該空為段落主旨句。下文的核心是“通過詩歌,westepintotheperspectivesofothers,提升同理心和情商”。選項(xiàng)F指出“Poetr