中考英語語法短語專項練習(xí)題中考英語的考查中，短語的理解與運(yùn)用能力直接影響閱讀理解的流暢度、完形填空的準(zhǔn)確率，以及書面表達(dá)的豐富性。從動詞短語的靈活搭配，到介詞短語的語境指向，再到固定搭配的精準(zhǔn)記憶，短語知識貫穿語法與語用的核心環(huán)節(jié)。本文通過分層梳理高頻短語類型，結(jié)合典型例題與針對性練習(xí)，幫助考生系統(tǒng)突破短語難關(guān)，在考場上實現(xiàn)“理解—運(yùn)用—辨析”的能力躍升。一、動詞短語專項突破考點(diǎn)聚焦：中考?？紕釉~短語多涉及“一詞多義”“同義辨析”“語境適配”，核心動詞（如`look`、`take`、`put`、`give`等）的短語搭配需結(jié)合語義與場景判斷。（一）典型例題例1：Theteacheraskedusto______thenewwordsinthedictionarybeforeclass.A.lookafterB.lookupC.lookforD.lookout解析：本題考查`look`短語的語義辨析。`lookafter`（照顧）、`lookup`（查閱；向上看）、`lookfor`（尋找）、`lookout`（當(dāng)心）。結(jié)合“dictionary（詞典）”的語境，“查閱單詞”應(yīng)選`lookup`，答案為B。易錯點(diǎn)：學(xué)生易混淆`lookup`（查閱）與`lookfor`（尋找），需關(guān)注賓語屬性（“單詞、信息”等抽象內(nèi)容用`lookup`；“人/物”等具體對象用`lookfor`）。例2：Whentherainstopped,theworkers______buildingtheroad.A.wentonB.putonC.triedonD.goton解析：`goondoingsth.`（繼續(xù)做同一件事）；`puton`（穿上；上演）；`tryon`（試穿）；`geton`（上車；進(jìn)展）。結(jié)合“rainstopped（雨停）”和“buildingtheroad（修路）”的邏輯，應(yīng)是“繼續(xù)修路”，選A?？键c(diǎn)延伸：`goontodo`（接著做另一件事）需與`goondoing`區(qū)分，如：*Afterfinishingmathhomework,hewentontodoEnglishhomework.*（做完數(shù)學(xué)做英語，兩件事）。（二）針對性練習(xí)（10題）1.Don’t______thechancetostudyabroad—you’llregretit.A.giveupB.giveinC.giveoutD.giveaway2.Theoldphoto______mymemoryofmyhometown.A.calledupB.calledonC.calledinD.calledout3.She______anewdressandwenttotheparty.A.putonB.putupC.putawayD.putoff4.Weshould______ourtime______usefulthings.A.spend;onB.take;onC.cost;inD.pay;for5.Theplane______at10:00a.m.Let’shurry.A.takesoffB.takesawayC.takesupD.takesdown6.He______smokingbecauseit’sbadforhealth.A.gaveupB.gaveinC.gaveoutD.gaveaway7.Please______thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A.turnoffB.turnonC.turnupD.turndown8.Themovieissointerestingthatweall______watchingit.A.goonB.putoffC.lookforwardtoD.getusedto9.She______herglassesandbegantoreadtheletter.A.pickedupB.pickedoutC.pickedoffD.pickedon10.Weshould______theenvironmentbyreducingplasticuse.A.lookafterB.lookupC.lookforD.lookout二、介詞短語專項突破考點(diǎn)聚焦：介詞短語?？疾椤翱臻g/時間/邏輯關(guān)系”，如`in/on/at`的短語，以及`with`、`without`、`by`等介詞的搭配，需結(jié)合語境判斷語義指向（如表方位、伴隨、方式等）。（一）典型例題例1：______thehelpofmyteacher,Isolvedtheproblemeasily.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On解析：`withthehelpof...`（在……幫助下）是固定搭配，答案為C。易錯點(diǎn)：學(xué)生易誤用`under`，需牢記“借助幫助”的固定表達(dá)為`withhelp`。例2：Weusuallyhaveabreak______10:00______themorning.A.at;inB.in;atC.on;inD.at;on解析：具體時刻前用`at`（10:00），泛指“上午”用`inthemorning`，答案為A?？键c(diǎn)延伸：`on`用于具體某天的上午/下午，如`onarainymorning`（在一個下雨的早晨）。（二）針對性練習(xí)（10題）1.Thebookwaswritten______thefamouswriter______1998.A.by;inB.by;onC.with;inD.with;on2.Allthestudentsaresitting______theirdesks,waitingfortheexamtobegin.A.inB.atC.onD.by3.Thecatissleeping______thetable.A.underB.aboveC.overD.on4.Wewenttothemuseum______bus.A.byB.onC.inD.with5.______winter,weoftengoskiing.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For6.Thepictureishanging______thewall.A.inB.onC.atD.to7.Hefinishedthework______theendofthemonth.A.inB.atC.onD.for8.Sheisstanding______thedoor,waitingforherfriend.A.byB.inC.onD.at9.Theboyisplaying______histoys.A.withB.byC.inD.on10.______theageof12,shestartedtoplaythepiano.A.AtB.OnC.InD.For三、固定搭配與習(xí)慣短語專項突破考點(diǎn)聚焦：中考?？肌皠釉~+名詞”“形容詞+介詞”“名詞+介詞”等固定搭配（如`beinterestedin`、`payattentionto`、`takepartin`等），需精準(zhǔn)記憶搭配結(jié)構(gòu)與語義。（一）典型例題例1：Weshould______ourdailylife______ourhobbies.例2：Thelittlegirlis______beautiful______hermother.A.as;asB.so;asC.as;soD.so;so解析：`as...as...`（和……一樣，肯定句）；`so...as...`（用于否定句）。本句為肯定句，選A。易錯點(diǎn)：學(xué)生易混淆`so...as...`的使用場景，需注意句式（肯定用`as...as`，否定用`notso...as`）。（二）針對性練習(xí)（10題）1.Myparentsalwaystellmeto______myhealth.A.takecareB.takecareofC.lookatD.lookfor2.Themovieis______interesting______weallwanttowatchitagain.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to3.Weshould______thetrafficruleswhenwecrosstheroad.A.followB.breakC.makeD.change4.Sheis______playingthepiano.A.goodatB.goodforC.goodwithD.goodto5.Theteacheraskedusto______attentiontoourpronunciation.A.payB.takeC.giveD.make6.Heis______young______gotoschoolalone.A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.enough;to7.We______partinthesportsmeetinglastweek.A.tookB.madeC.playedD.did8.Thebookis______difficult______Ican’tunderstandit.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to9.Sheis______hersisterinmanyways.A.similartoB.differentfromC.sameasD.familiarwith10.Weshould______ourbesttohelpothers.A.tryB.doC.takeD.make四、綜合提升訓(xùn)練（20題）（注：題目涵蓋動詞短語、介詞短語、固定搭配，難度貼近中考真題，需結(jié)合語境與短語辨析能力作答。）1.Whenyoumeetnewwords,youcan______them______inthee-dictionary.A.look;upB.look;forC.look;afterD.look;out2.______theageof12,shestartedtoplaythepiano.A.AtB.OnC.InD.For3.Don’t______thechancetostudyabroad—you’llregretit.A.giveupB.giveinC.giveoutD.giveaway4.Thebookwaswritten______thefamouswriter______1998.A.by;inB.by;onC.with;inD.with;on5.Weshould______ourtime______usefulthings.A.spend;onB.take;onC.cost;inD.pay;for6.Theplane______at10:00a.m.Let’shurry.A.takesoffB.takesawayC.takesupD.takesdown7.He______smokingbecauseit’sbadforhealth.A.gaveupB.gaveinC.gaveoutD.gaveaway8.Please______thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A.turnoffB.turnonC.turnupD.turndown9.Themovieissointerestingthatweall______watchingit.A.goonB.putoffC.lookforwardtoD.getusedto10.She______herglassesandbegantoreadtheletter.A.pickedupB.pickedoutC.pickedoffD.pickedon11.Weshould______theenvironmentbyreducingplasticuse.A.lookafterB.lookupC.lookforD.lookout12.Allthestudentsaresitting______theirdesks,waitingfortheexamtobegin.A.inB.atC.onD.by13.Thecatissleeping______thetable.A.underB.aboveC.overD.on14.Wewenttothemuseum______bus.A.byB.onC.inD.with15.______winter,weoftengoskiing.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For16.Thepictureishanging______thewall.A.inB.onC.atD.to17.Hefinishedthework______theendofthemonth.A.inB.atC.onD.for18.Sheisstanding______thedoor,waitingforherfriend.A.byB.inC.onD.at19.Theboyisplaying______histoys.A.withB.byC.inD.on20.Weshould______ourbesttohelpothers.A.tryB.doC.takeD.make五、答案與解析（一）動詞短語練習(xí)答案1.A（`giveup`意為“放棄”，結(jié)合“regret（后悔）”可知是“別放棄機(jī)會”）；2.A（`callup`意為“喚起（記憶）”，`callon`“拜訪/號召”、`callin`“召集”、`callout`“呼喊”均不符合“記憶”的語境）；3.A（`puton`“穿上”，結(jié)合“newdress（新裙子）”和“party（派對）”的邏輯）；4.A（`spendtimeonsth.`“在某事上花費(fèi)時間”，`take`常與`it`搭配、`cost`主語為物、`payfor`“為……付款”）；5.A（`takeoff`“起飛”，結(jié)合“plane（飛機(jī)）”和“hurry（趕快）”的語境）；6.A（`giveup`“放棄”，結(jié)合“badforhealth（有害健康）”可知是“戒煙”）；7.A（`turnoff`“關(guān)閉”，結(jié)合“l(fā)eavetheroom（離開房間）”的邏輯）；8.C（`lookforwardto`“期待”，`goon`“繼續(xù)”、`putoff`“推遲”、`getusedto`“習(xí)慣”均不符合“電影有趣想再看”的語境）；9.A（`pickedup`“拿起”，結(jié)合“glasses（眼鏡）”和“readtheletter（讀信）”的邏輯）；10.A（`lookafter`“照顧”，結(jié)合“environment（環(huán)境）”的語境）。（二）介詞短語練習(xí)答案1.A（`bysb.`表“由某人（創(chuàng)作）”，`in+年份`表“在……年”）；2.B（`atone’sdesk`“在書桌旁”，固定搭配）；3.A（`underthetable`“在桌子下”，`above`“在……上方（不接觸）”、`over`“在……正上方”、`on`“在……上（接觸）”均不符合“睡覺”的場景）；4.A（`bybus`“乘公交”，固定搭配）；5.A（`inwinter`“在冬天”，泛指季節(jié)用`in`）；6.B（`onthewall`“在墻上（表面）”，`inthewall`指“嵌入墻內(nèi)”）；7