2025~2026學(xué)年上海市彭浦中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試卷一、語(yǔ)法填空(★★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LabubudollsInrecentmonths,everywhereIgo,there’sbeenoneaccessoryoneveryone’slipsandbags.1Iwantedtograbonemyself,thetruthis,theyarehardertobuythanyouthink.2viralproductsofthepast(suchastheStanleycraze),theyselloutinsecondsjusttopopuponresalesitesforfivetimestheoriginalpricetag.Nowlet’sgetintothehistoryofthesepopularLabubudolls.They3(originate)inHongKongin2015,atimewhendesignertoyswerebeginningtocaptureglobalattention.4(know)aselves(小精靈)setthemapartfromtheirpopularpredecessors(HelloKittyandotherplushcharacters).TheycametofruitioninaNordic-inspiredpicturebookthatartistKasingLungcreated.Aftertheinitialreleaseofthebook,thepopulartoycompanyPopMartcreatedthefirstcollectiblecollectionforsalein2019,andsincethen,saleshavesoaredasnewcollectionsarereleased.TheLabubucreaturesareapartofatribeperceivedas“TheMonsters,”andothermembersofthegroupincludeZimomo,Mokokoandmore.Fromcollectiontocollection,eachcanbeseenwearingvariousoutfits,differentfacialfeaturesandfunnyaccessories.Butdon’tletthenaughtysmilemakeyouthinkLabubuareevil.Lungsaystheyarewell-naturedlittlecreatureswhohavenothingbutgoodintentionsand5theysometimesinevitablyendupinadifficulty.Now,6makesLabubusopopular,besidestheobviouscutecharm,isthattheyarecollectiblesandhardtoget,soitaddstotheexcitementofthehunt.Theyalsocomeinblindboxessothehuntbecomes7(hard)ifyouhaveaparticularcolororMonsterinmind.Becauseofmysteryoftheblindboxes,therevealcanbeasurprisewhichiswhymanyfansrecordtheirfirstimpressionoftheircreature8(capture)themoment.Thisexcitementtranscendsagegroupsandcommunities,witheveryonefrompopstarstomiddleschoolstudents9(wear)thebagcharms.Itcreatesasenseofjoyandamoment10youcansay,“Yes,IsucceededandfoundaLabubu.”(★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ScientificPersonalitiesSinceancientGreece,peoplehaveusedzodiacsigns(星座)tojudgeaperson’scharactertraits.Eventoday,itseemsthatpeoplearestillfascinatedwithtrying11(figure)outpeople’spersonalitytypesbasedonscience.AccordingtoTheWashingtonPost,anewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureHumanBehavioronSept1712tellussomethingmoreaboutwhoweare.Itidentifiedfourpersonalitytypes:reserved,rolemodels,averageandself-centered.Inthisstudy,about1.5millionparticipantsfromtheUSandtheUKwereaskedtorate13numberofwrittenstatements.Thesestatementswereallrelatedtothefivemainpersonalitytraitseveryone14(believe)topossess:extroversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,emotionalstabilityandopenness.Researchers,withtheaidofcomputersoftware,foundthatself-centeredpeoplescoredhigheronextroversion,butlowerthanaverageontheotherfourtraits.“Thesearepeopleyoudon’twanttohangoutwith,”co-authorWilliamRevelle,professorofpsychology,toldtheDailyMail.Membersofthereservedgroupwerelacking15opennessandextroversion,butweremoreagreeableandconscientious.Thesepeopleareusuallyunwillingtotrynewthings,butarekindandcooperative,accordingtothestudy.People16(define)asrolemodelsscoredwellinmosttraits,butwereweakinemotionalstability.“Thesearepeoplewhoaredependableandopentonewideas,”LuísAmaral,co-directoroftheNorthwesternInstituteonComplexSystemsintheUS,toldNewsweek.“Thesearegoodpeopletobeinchargeofthings.Infact,lifeiseasierifyouhavemoredealingswithrolemodels.”17thesethreepersonalitytypes,atotallynewtypewasfound:average.Thistype,accordingtoScienceDaily,getaveragescoresinalltraits.Femalesaremorelikelythanmalestofallintothistype.Thestudyalsoshowsthatthereisconnectionbetweenpersonalitytype,genderandage,reportedTheWashingtonPost.Forexample,rolemodelsareusuallyseniors,18thetraitsoftheself-centeredtypemainlyfallinteenagemales.However,“certainfacets(方面)arechanging,”AmaraltoldUSAToday.“19peoplematureandgrow,theirpersonalityalsomaturesandgrows.Ithinkthereisapositivemessagethatpeoplematureandtheymoveto20(desirable)characteristics.”二、選詞填空(★★★★)Directions:Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachcanonlybeusedonce.

A.targetedB.limitC.subjectD.insightfulE.justifyF.projected

G.chieflyH.accessibleI.admittedlyJ.purchaseK.prizedWelivetodayindebtedtoMcCardell,Cashin,andotherwomenwhofreedAmericanfashionfromthe21ofParisiandesign.Thesedesignersestablishedthemoderndresscode,lettingplaysuitsandotheractiveoutfitssuitcasualclothing,allowingpantstoenterthewardrobe,andpromotingrationalismandutility(實(shí)用性)indress,incontrasttodressingforanoccasion.FashioninAmericawaslogicaland22onlytothewillofthewomenwhoworeit.Americanfashionaddressedademocracy,whereastraditionalParis-basedfashionwasconventionalandimposedonwomen,willingornot.Inanearliertime,23,AmericanfashionhadfollowedtheleadofParis,orevenpirated(竊用)specificFrenchdesigns.However,designersportswearwasnotmodeledonthatofEurope;itwasgenuinelyinventedanddevelopedinAmerica.Thedesignobjectiveandthebusinesscommitmentwere24atsportswear,andthedistinctivetraitswereproblem-solvingingenuity(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性)andrealisticlifestyleapplications.Easeofcarewasmostimportant:summerdressesandoutfits,inparticular,were25cotton,readilycapableofbeingwashedandpressedathome.Clothesweresimple,practical,and26,asthemodernwomandependedonnopersonalmaidtodressher.Americandesigners27thefreedomofwomenwhoworetheclothing.Manyhavearguedthatthewomendesignersofthattime28theirownclothingvaluesintoanewstyle.Ofcourse,muchofthisargumentinthe1930s-40swasadvancedbecausetherewaslittleornoexperienceindesigningclothesonthebasisofutility.Butcouldutilityalone29thenewideasoftheAmericandesigners?Fashionisoftenregardedasapursuitofbeauty,andsomecherishedfashion’srelationshiptothefinearts.WhatthedesignersoftheAmericansportswearprovedwasthatfashionisadesignart,answeringtothedemandingneedsofservice.Ofcoursethesepractical,30designershavedeterminedthecourseoflatetwentieth-centuryfashion.Theywerethepioneersofgenderequity,intheiruseful,adaptableclothing,whichwasbothmadeforthemassesandcapableofself-expression.三、完形填空(★★★★)ThePsychologyofDiscountingWhenretailerswanttopersuadecustomerstobuyaparticularproduct,theytypicallyofferitatadiscount.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedintheJournalofMarketing,however,theyare________atrick.Ateamofresearchers,ledbyAkshayRaooftheUniversityofMinnesota’sCarlsonSchoolofManagement,________consumers’attitudestodiscounting.Shoppers,theyfound,muchprefergettingsomethingextrafreetogettingsomethingcheaper.Themainreasonisthatmostpeoplearepooratfractions(分?jǐn)?shù)).Consumersoftenstruggletorealize,________,thata50%increaseinquantityisthesameasa33%discountinprice,andtheyoverwhelmingly________theformerisabetteroption.Inanexperiment,theresearcherssold73%morehandcreamwhenitwasofferedinabonus________thanwhenitcarriedanequivalentdiscount(evenafterallotherfactors,suchasadesiretostockpilewerecontrolledfor).Thismathematicalblindspotremainsevenwhenthedealclearly________thediscountedproduct.Inanotherexperiment,thistimeonhisundergraduates,Mr.Raoofferedtwo________onloosecoffeebeans:33%extrafreeor33%offtheprice.Thediscountisbyfarthebetterproposition,butthesupposedlycleverstudentsviewedthemas________.Studieshaveshownotherwaysinwhichretailerscanmakeuseofconsumers’mathematical________.Oneistoconfusethemwith________discounting.Peoplearemorelikelytoseea(n)________inaproductthathasbeenreducedby20%,andthenbyanadditional25%,thanonethathasbeensubjecttoanequivalent,one-off,40%reduction.Marketingtypescandrawlessonsbeyondjust________,saysMrRao.Whenadvertisinganewcar’sefficiency,forexample,itismore________totalkaboutthenumberofextramilespergallonitdoes,ratherthantheequivalentpercentage________infuelconsumption.Theremaybeabundantlessonsforopinionatedconsumerstolearnfrom.Even________shoppersareeasilyfoxed.Sendingeveryonebacktoschoolformathsrefresher-coursesseemsoutofthequestion.Butmorenoticeablydisplayedunitpricesinshopsandadvertisementswouldbeagreathelp.31.A．missingB．learningC．playingD．trying32.A．communicatedwithB．lookedatC．reliedonD．engagedin33.A．bycontrastB．a(chǎn)fterallC．forexampleD．a(chǎn)susual34.A．indicateB．a(chǎn)ssumeC．opposeD．confess35.A．requestB．campaignC．packD．conduct36.A．blowsB．favoursC．enforcesD．initiates37.A．dealsB．discountC．situationsD．decisions38.A．profoundB．distantC．distinctD．equivalent39.A．inaccessibilityB．failureC．illiteracyD．dependence40.A．substantialB．doubleC．specialD．a(chǎn)ccurate41.A．innovationB．priceC．bargainD．quality42.A．commercializingB．pricingC．a(chǎn)dvertisingD．retailing43.A．fundamentalB．a(chǎn)ggressiveC．logicalD．convincing44.A．fallB．usageC．volumeD．increase45.A．thoroughbredB．well-educatedC．so-calledD．good-tempered四、閱讀理解(★★★)Theysayacathasninelives,andIthinkthatpossiblesinceIamnowlivingmythirdlifeandI’mnotevenacat.MyfatherdiedwhenIwas15,andwehadahardstruggletomakealiving.Andmymother,whowasseriouslyillinherlastyears,diedwhilestillinher60s.Mysistermarriedsoonafter,andIfollowedherexamplewithintheyear.Myfirstlifewasadream:happy,healthy,withagreatjobandabeautifulhome.Butthenaprogressivemotornervediseaseendedit,affectingmyrightarmandleg,andthenmyleftside.Mysecondlifehadbegun.Despitemyillness,Idrovetoworkwithspecialequipment.Istayedoptimisticthankstothe14stepsfrommygaragetothekitchen.Thosestepsweremyyardstick—adailychallenge.IfeltthatifIcouldnolongermanagethose14steps,Iwouldfinallyadmitdefeatanddie.OnadarkAugustnightin1971,mythirdlifebegan.Drivinghomethroughastorm,mysteeringwheelsuddenlyjerkedandIheardatireblowout.Forme,changingatirewasutterlyimpossible.IstartedtheengineandslowlydroveontheflattireuntilIfoundahousewithlightedwindows.Ipulledintothedrivewayandhonkedthehornforhelp.Thedooropenedandalittlegirlstoodthere.Whensheknewwhathappenedtome,shewentintothehouseandamomentlatercameout,followedbyamanwhocalledacheerfulgreeting.Isattherecomfortablyanddry,andfeltabitsorryforthemanandthelittlegirlworkingsohardinthestorm.Aboutanhourlater,theman’svoicewasheard,“Thisisabadnightforcartrouble,butyou’reallsetnow.”“Thanks,”Isaid.“HowmuchdoIoweyou?”Heshookhishead,“Nothing.Cynthiatoldmeyouwereacripple(跛者).Gladtobeofhelp.Iknowyou’ddothesameforme.There’snocharge,friend.”Iheldoutafive-dollarbill,“No!Iliketopaymyway.”Hemadenoefforttotakeitandthelittlegirlsteppedclosertothewindowandsaidquietly,“Grandpacan’tseeit.”46.“Acathasninelives”heremeans______.

A．a(chǎn)catcanliveninetimeslongerthananyotheranimalB．a(chǎn)catcandieninthC．a(chǎn)luckymancannotdieeasilyD．thewriterwillliveninetimes47.Whatdoyouthinkofthemanwhohelpedchangethetire?

A．Warm-heartedbutpitiable.B．Warm-heartedandhappy.C．Ablindoldmanthathasnothingtodoeveryday.D．Apooroldmanthatisalwaysreadytohelpothers.48.Howwillthestorybeended?

A．Thewriterpaidthelittlegirlbuttheoldmandidnotaccept.B．Thewriterdroveawaywithtearsrunningdownhischeek.C．Thewriterstayedthere,withoutknowingwhattodoandhowtodo.D．Inthenextfewfrozensecondsthewriterfelttheshameandastonishmenthehadneverfeltbefore.49.Thebesttitleforthispassageperhapswillbe______.

A．TheOldManandHisDaughter.B．HeartLeapingUp.C．NeverLoseHeart.D．GoodWillBeRewardedGood.(★★)

To:ackard@

From:sandyp@

Subject:Confidential:ManagerialAdvice

Date:Feb.16,2022HiDan,I’mwritingtoaskifyoucouldgivemeadvice.Pleasenotethatthismustallbekeptsecret.IamemailingyoubecauseIknowthatyouareatrustedfriend,andyouhavehadexperienceinthisarea.I’vebeenobligedtoreducemydepartment’sbudgetwithinthemonth,too.I’mnotlookingforwardtothisandamnotsurewheretobeginsinceIhopethatIwon’thavetocreateanylayoffs.Longstoryshort,Iwouldreallyappreciatemeetingwithyouatsomepointtoseeifyoucanofferupanyadviceorsuggestions.Thanksinadvance.Regards,SandyTo:sandyp@

From:ackard@

Subject:Re:Confidential:ManagerialAdvice

Date:Feb.17,2022HiSandy,I’mgladthatyouthoughtofmeassomeonetogoto.Idefinitelydon’tmindbeingyoursoundingboard,andIcanmeetwithyouanytimestartingnextMonday.Irealizethatyoumaywanttostartthinkingofsomeideassoonerthanlater.Mybiggestpieceofadvicetoyouistomakesureyoufeelyourwayamongyourstafftogetanimpressionofhowpeoplearecurrentlycopingwithourcompany’seconomicsituation.Talktothemandfindoutwhat’simportanttothem.Ofcourse,doitcasuallysothatnoone’sguardisup.Emailorcallmetoletmeknowwhenyouwanttomeet.Dan50.WhatisSandyresponsiblefor?

A．FiringbademployeesB．CuttingcostsandexpensesC．FiguringoutthenewcomputerprogramD．Combiningthetwodivisionsofthecompany51.WhatsuggestiondoesDangiveSandy?

A．Startquestioningallworkersunderher.B．Actcarefullyandfindoutemployees’thoughts.C．Giveoutaquestionnaire(問(wèn)卷)foreveryonetofillout.D．Requireextraovertimefromstaffmembers.52.Thephrase“soundingboard”inthebodyofthesecondemail,isclosestinmeaningto:

A．listenerB．examinerC．designerD．informer(★★★★)Asartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman—anAIproducedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthatanswersconsumers’questionsonline—peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettlingsituationofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuchproductslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency(透明度)andcooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionstocooperatewithorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeepcooperating—butthereisalwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm,atthepartner’sexpense.TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm(算法)that,whenposingasaperson,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnerstocooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilitytocooperate(withoutbeingapushover)andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief.“Sadly,wefailedatthisgoal,”saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityinAbuDhabiandaseniorauthoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachineIntelligence.“Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.”Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.(Ineachmode,therobotplayed50roundsagainstatleast150individuals.)Inanadditionalexperiment,playersweretold,“Datasuggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreattherobotasifitwereahuman.”Ithadnoeffect.VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmeaUniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersforexploringthetransparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper’sparticularsetup.Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobedeceivedaboutarobot’sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-by-interactionbasis,orelsethe“deception”obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionforoccasionaldeception,evenifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries(道德困境).Dignumsayshumansshouldhavetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomerservicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”53.Theword“trade-off”isclosestinmeaningto__________.

A．balancingB．combiningC．distinctionD．a(chǎn)greement54.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?

A．Highlypositive.B．Casual.C．Stronglyopposed.D．Distrustful.55.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?

A．Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers’assumption.B．Theywilldrawpeople’sattentiontorobots’problems.C．Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.D．Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.56.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?

A．TalalRahwan’sresearchfindingscan’tapplytothereal-worldsituations.B．Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.C．Peopleneedn’tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.D．Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.(★★★★)TopCollegeGraduatesGetPaidMore,butdoTheyPerformBetter?Isatopuniversityagoodpredictorofjobperformance?Ourresearchshowsyes-butonlytoanextent.Wetrackedtheperformanceof28,339graduatesfrom294universities,rangingfromthetop10tothetop20,000.57Importantly,wedidn’tjustmeasureoutputquality,butalsoawiderangeofhardandsoftskillsliketeamwork,leadership,andemotionalintelligence.Ourfindingsoffercomforttorecruiters.Afteraccountingforage,gender,andyearofstudy,wefoundgraduatesfromtopuniversitiesperformedonlyslightlybetter,andonlyincertainareas.58Thefirstwasselection:higher-rankeduniversitiesusuallycanchoosefromalargerpoolofapplicants,whichleadstosteepercompetitionandahigherqualityoftheincomingclass.Corroboratingtheselectivityhypothesis,ourdatademonstratedthatstudentsathigher-rankeduniversitiesindeedscorehigherongeneralcognitiveabilitytests,havemoreinternationalexperience