2025年CFA一級Ethics道德準則考試指南考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第Ⅰ部分1.Aninvestmentprofessionalisconsideringrecommendingacomplexstructuredproducttoaclient.Theproductoffersahighpotentialreturnbutalsocarriessignificantrisksthattheclientmaynotfullyunderstand.Theinvestmentprofessionalhasbeenpaidasubstantialupfrontfeebytheproduct'smanufacturer.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheinvestmentprofessional?a.Disclosetheupfrontfeetotheclientandrecommendtheproductiftheclient'sportfolioalignswithitsobjectives.b.Recommendtheproductonlyiftheclientexplicitlyrequestsitafterbeingfullyinformedoftherisks.c.Declinetorecommendtheproductbecausetheupfrontfeecreatesapotentialconflictofinterestthatcannotbemanaged.d.Disclosethepotentialconflictofinterestarisingfromtheupfrontfeeandrecommendtheproductonlyafterobtainingtheclient'sconsent.2.Aportfoliomanagerisevaluatingtwopotentialinvestmentideas.IdeaAhasahigherexpectedreturnbutalsohigherrisk,whileIdeaBhasalowerexpectedreturnandlowerrisk.Theportfoliomanager'sperformancebonusisheavilyweightedtowardstheportfolio'sabsolutereturn.WhichofthefollowingactionsdemonstratesthehighestdegreeofadherencetotheStandardofProfessionalCompetence?a.FocusingprimarilyonIdeaAtomaximizethepotentialforahighabsolutereturnandthusalargerbonus.b.Rejectingbothideasbecausetheydonotalignwiththeportfoliomanager'spersonalinvestmentpreferences.c.SelectingIdeaBtoensuretheportfolioperformsconsistentlyandavoidssignificantlosses,therebymaintainingclienttrust.d.Integratingbothideasintotheportfolioinamannerthatbalancesriskandreturnaccordingtotheportfolio'sstatedobjectivesandtheclient'srisktolerance.3.Ananalystataresearchfirmhasdevelopedaproprietaryearningsforecastingmodel.Themodelhashistoricallybeenaccuratebutrecentlyhasproducedsignificanterrors.Theanalystisunderpressurefromsalesandmarketingtoissuepositivereportstosupportanewstockoffering.WhichofthefollowingactionsismostconsistentwiththeStandardofIndependenceandObjectivity?a.Forcingthemodeltogeneratepositiveforecastsbyadjustingitsparameters,evenifitmeansignoringcontradictorydata.b.Issuingapositivereportwhilesimultaneouslyincludingadetaileddisclaimeraboutthemodel'srecentperformanceissues.c.Refusingtoissueanyreportuntilthemodel'saccuracycanbefullyrestored,potentiallydelayingthestockoffering.d.Presentingthefindingsfromthemodelalongwithanindependentassessmentofthecompany'sfundamentalstooffsetpotentialbiases.4.Aportfoliomanagerisconsideringaddinganewsecuritytoaclient'sportfolio.Thesecurityoffersauniqueinvestmentopportunity,butthemanagerlearnsthatthecompanybehindthesecurityisinvolvedinalegaldisputethatcouldnegativelyimpactitsfutureperformance.Themanagerisawarethatthisinformationisnotyetpublic.WhichofthefollowingactionsismostconsistentwiththeCodeandStandards?a.Immediatelybuyingthesecurityfortheclient'sportfoliotoprofitfromtheanticipatedpositivemarketreactiononcetheinformationbecomespublic.b.Disclosingthepotentialrisktotheclientandwaitingfortheclient'sinstructionbeforetakinganyaction.c.Performingthoroughduediligencetoassessthelikelihoodandpotentialimpactofthelegaldisputebeforedecidingwhethertoproceed.d.Decliningtoconsiderthesecurityaltogetherbecauseofthepotentiallegalriskinvolved.5.Aseniorportfoliomanageratafirmisplanningtoleavethecompanytojoinacompetitor.Beforeleaving,themanagerplanstoliquidatethepositionsintheportfoliounderhismanagementaccordingtothefirm'sprocedures.Themanager'swifeworksatthecompetitorandisawareofthemanager'splans.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriateforthemanagertomanagethepotentialconflictofinterest?a.Informinghiswifeaboutthespecificportfoliopositionsheintendstoliquidate.b.Ensuringthattheliquidationprocessisexecutedthroughathird-partycustodianwithoutanyinputfromhim.c.Disclosingthepotentialconflictofinteresttohissupervisorandtheclient,andseekingtheirapprovalfortheliquidationplan.d.Liquidatingthepositionsgraduallyoveranextendedperiodtominimizetheimpactontheportfolio'sperformance.第Ⅱ部分6.Afinancialadvisorispaidabasesalaryplusaperformancebonusbasedonthetotalassetsundermanagement(AUM).Theadvisorrecommendsaseriesofcomplexinvestmentstoaclient,whichgeneratehighfeesandincreasetheAUMsignificantly.However,theclient'sactualinvestmentperformanceundertheserecommendationshasunderperformedrelevantbenchmarks.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheadvisortoaddressthepotentialconflictofinterestarisingfromthecompensationstructure?a.Justifyingtheunderperformancebyhighlightingthecomplexityoftheinvestmentsandthechallengingmarketconditions.b.FocusingontheincreaseinAUMandthecorrespondingfeeincomewhendiscussingtheadvisor'sperformancewiththefirm.c.Disclosingthecompensationstructuretotheclientandexplaininghowitmayinfluencetherecommendationsmade.d.Reducingtheclient'sportfolioexposuretothecomplexinvestmentsandshiftingtowardssimpler,benchmark-beatingstrategies.7.Aninvestmentanalystisconductingresearchonacompanyforwhichheholdsasmall,long-heldposition.Theanalystdiscoversmaterialnegativeinformationaboutthecompanythatcouldsignificantlyimpactitsstockprice.WhichofthefollowingactionsismostconsistentwiththeStandardofDiligenceandReasonableBasis?a.Delayingthepublicationoftheresearchreportuntilthenegativeinformationbecomespublicknowledgethroughotherchannels.b.Wateringdownthenegativefindingsintheresearchreporttoavoidcausingsignificantvolatilityinthestockprice.c.Immediatelyissuingarevisedresearchreporthighlightingthematerialnegativeinformationandthepotentialimpactonthestock.d.Sellinghispersonalpositioninthecompanybeforeissuingtheresearchreporttoavoidanypersonalconflict.8.Aportfoliomanagerisofferedasecondjobbyaformeremployer,wherehewouldberesponsibleformanagingasignificantamountofassets.Theportfoliomanager'scurrentemployerhasnoknowledgeofthisoffer.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheportfoliomanagertomanagethepotentialconflictofinterest?a.Acceptingthejobofferandensuringthatthenewemployerisawareofhisexistingclientsandassetsundermanagement.b.Informinghiscurrentemployeraboutthejobofferandseekingtheirpermissionbeforemakingadecision.c.Decliningthejoboffertoavoidanypotentialconflictofinterestwithhiscurrentemployer.d.Acceptingthejobofferbutreducinghishoursathiscurrentfirmtobalancebothresponsibilities.9.Afinancialadvisorispreparingareportforaclientthatincludesinformationfromvarioussources,includingproprietaryresearchfromtheadvisor'sfirmandpubliclyavailabledata.Theadvisorinadvertentlyincludesanoutdatedfigureinthereportthatslightlyunderstatestheclient'sportfolioperformance.Theerrorisdiscoveredbeforethereportisdeliveredtotheclient.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheadvisor?a.Notdisclosingtheerrorbecauseitisaminordiscrepancyandunlikelytosignificantlyimpacttheclient'sdecision-making.b.Correctingtheerrorinthereportanddeliveringittotheclientasplanned.c.Disclosingtheerrortotheclientandexplainingthatitwasanoversight,butemphasizingthattheoverallperformanceremainsstrong.d.Issuingaseparateclarificationnotetotheclientabouttheerror,withoutformallycorrectingthereport.10.Twoportfoliomanagersatafirmarediscussingtheirinvestmentstrategies.ManagerAsuggeststhattheybothtakepositionsinthesameemergingmarketstock,asithasshownstrongperformanceinrecentmonthsandtheybelieveitwillcontinuetodowell.ManagerBisconcernedthatthismightcreateaconflictofinterestifotherclientsholdsimilarviewsandthefirmisexposedtoexcessiveconcentrationinthatmarket.WhichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriateforManagerBtoaddresstheconcern?a.IgnoringManagerA'ssuggestionandproceedingwiththeinvestmentindependently.b.Suggestingthattheybothinvestinthestockbutstructurethepositionsinawaythatlimitsthefirm'sexposuretotheemergingmarket.c.Discussingthepotentialconcentrationriskwiththefirm'scompliancedepartmentandseekingguidanceontheappropriatenessoftheinvestment.d.ConvincingManagerAthattheinvestmentopportunityistoogoodtopassupandthatthepotentialriskisnegligible.第Ⅲ部分11.Aninvestmentprofessionalisattendingaconferencewhereaspeakerisreceivingsignificantattentionforanewinvestmentstrategy.Theprofessionalisresponsibleforprovidingindependentresearchandrecommendationstoclients.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheinvestmentprofessionaltomaintainindependenceandavoidundueinfluence?a.Conductingthoroughindependentresearchonthenewstrategyandforminganobjectiveopinionbasedontheavailableevidence.b.Immediatelyadoptingthenewstrategyinclientportfolioswithoutsufficientindependentanalysis,duetothespeaker'sreputation.c.Sharingthedetailsoftheconferencewithclientsandencouragingthemtoformtheirownopinionsbasedontheinformationpresented.d.Ignoringthenewstrategyentirelybecauseitcontradictstheinvestmentprofessional'slong-heldbeliefs.12.Aclientofaninvestmentadvisorisconsideringasignificantinvestmentinastart-upcompany.Theadvisorisawarethatthestart-up'sbusinessmodelishighlyspeculativeandcarriesahighriskoffailure.Theadvisoralsoknowsthatthestart-up'sfounderisapersonalfriendoftheadvisor.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheadvisortomanagethepotentialconflictofinterest?a.Recommendingtheinvestmenttotheclientanddisclosingtheirpersonalrelationshipwiththefounderbutdownplayingtherisks.b.Recommendingtheinvestmenttotheclientbutobtainingdisinterestedadvicefromanotheradvisorbeforefinalizingtherecommendation.c.Decliningtoprovideanyrecommendationontheinvestmenttoavoidanypotentialconflictofinterest.d.Disclosingthepotentialconflictofinteresttotheclient,explainingthespeculativenatureoftheinvestment,andrecommendingthattheclientseekindependentadvicebeforeproceeding.13.Ananalystataresearchfirmispreparingaresearchreportonacompany.Thecompany'smanagementhasprovidedtheanalystwithextensivenon-publicinformation,whichisfavorabletothecompany.Theanalystisawarethatthisinformationisnotyetpublicandcouldbematerialtothecompany'sstockprice.WhichofthefollowingactionsismostconsistentwiththeStandardofIndependenceandObjectivity?a.Usingthenon-publicinformationtowriteapositiveresearchreportandsimultaneouslypreparingaseparatereporthighlightingthepotentialbiasesintheinformationprovided.b.Requestingmoretimefromthecompanytoreviewtheinformationbeforeissuingthereport,citingtheneedtomaintainobjectivity.c.Issuingapositiveresearchreportbasedsolelyonthenon-publicinformationprovidedbythecompany.d.Refusingtoissueanyreportuntilthecompanyprovidespublicinformationthatsupportsthepositiveoutlook.14.Aportfoliomanagerisresponsibleformanagingaclient'sportfoliothatincludesasignificantholdinginacompany.Thecompanyisplanningtoacquireanothercompany,andtheportfoliomanagerhasreceivedanofferfromthetargetcompanythatissubstantiallyhigherthanthecurrentmarketpriceofthestock.Theportfoliomanagerisconsideringbuyingmoreofthetargetcompany'sstockintheopenmarkettoincreasethevalueoftheclient'sholding.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheportfoliomanagertomanagethepotentialconflictofinterest?a.Buyingmoreofthetargetcompany'sstockintheopenmarketwithoutdisclosingthisactiontotheclient.b.Disclosingthepotentialconflictofinteresttotheclientandseekingtheirconsentbeforetakinganyaction.c.Decliningtobuymoreofthetargetcompany'sstocktoavoidanypotentialconflictofinterest.d.Discussingtheacquisitionwiththeclientandexplainingthepotentialbenefitsandrisks,butnotdisclosingthepersonalopportunity.15.Afinancialadvisorispreparingafinancialplanforaclient.Theadvisorrecommendsaseriesoffinancialproducts,includinginsurancepoliciesandinvestmentfunds,whichgenerateasignificantcommission.Theclientisnotfullyawareofthecommissionstructure.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheadvisortoensuretransparencyandavoidmisleadingtheclient?a.Disclosingthecommissionstructureinaseparatedocumentthattheclientisnotrequiredtoreadbeforesigningtheagreement.b.Explainingthecommissionstructuretotheclientinaclearandconcisemannerduringtheinitialmeetingandobtainingtheclient'sunderstanding.c.Focusingonthefeaturesandbenefitsoftherecommendedproductswithoutmentioningthecommissionstructure.d.Offeringtoprovidetheclientwithacopyoftheproducts'prospectuses,whichincludeinformationaboutthefeesandcharges.第Ⅳ部分16.Aninvestmentprofessionalisworkingonaresearchprojectthatinvolvesanalyzingacompany'sfinancialstatements.Theprofessionalnoticesthatthecompany'saccountingpolicieshaverecentlychangedinawaythatmayimproveitsreportedearningsbutalsomaskssomeunderlyingweaknessesinitsfinancialhealth.WhichofthefollowingactionsismostconsistentwiththeStandardofDiligenceandReasonableBasis?a.Ignoringthechangeinaccountingpoliciesbecausethecompany'soverallfinancialperformanceappearsstrong.b.Notingthechangeinaccountingpoliciesintheresearchreportbutconcludingthatithasnomaterialimpactonthecompany'sfinancialposition.c.Investigatingthereasonsbehindthechangeinaccountingpoliciesandassessingitspotentialimpactonthecompany'sfinancialperformancebeforeissuingtheresearchreport.d.Issuingaresearchreportthathighlightsthepositiveimpactofthenewaccountingpoliciesonthecompany'searnings,withoutdiscussingthepotentialdrawbacks.17.Aportfoliomanagerisconsideringincludinganewsecurityinaclient'sportfolio.Thesecurityisissuedbyacompanythatisinvolvedinalegaldispute.Themanagerisawarethatthelegaldisputecouldnegativelyimpactthecompany'sfutureperformance,butthemanager'sfirmhasalong-standingrelationshipwiththecompanyandreceivessignificantbusinessfromit.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheportfoliomanagertomanagethepotentialconflictofinterest?a.Includingthesecurityintheportfolioanddisclosingthepotentialrisktotheclient,butrelyingonthefirm'spositiverelationshipwiththecompanyasajustificationfortheinvestment.b.Decliningtoincludethesecurityintheportfoliotoavoidanypotentialconflictofinterestwiththefirm.c.Disclosingthepotentialconflictofinteresttotheclientandobtainingtheirconsentbeforeincludingthesecurityintheportfolio.d.Includingthesecurityintheportfoliobutlimitingtheexposuretomitigatethepotentialrisk.18.Afinancialadvisorisrecommendingaseriesofinvestmentproductstoaclient.Theadvisorispaidacommissionforeachproductsold,andtheproductsvarysignificantlyintermsofrisk,return,andfees.Theadvisorrecommendsproductsthatofferhighreturnsbutalsocarryhighrisksandfees,whileavoidingdiscussingtherisksandfeesindetailwiththeclient.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheadvisortoensurethattherecommendationsareinthebestinterestoftheclient?a.Obtainingtheclient'sconsenttoproceedwiththerecommendedproductsafterdisclosingthecommissionstructure.b.Focusingonthepotentialhighreturnsoftheproductsanddownplayingtherisksandfees.c.Recommendingonlythoseproductsthatalignwiththeclient'sstatedinvestmentobjectivesandrisktolerance,regardlessofthecommissionstructure.d.Providingadetailedexplanationoftherisks,fees,andpotentialreturnsoftherecommendedproducts,includingtheimpactofthecommissionstructureontherecommendations.19.Aninvestmentanalystispreparingaresearchreportonacompany.Thereportisbasedonpubliclyavailableinformation,buttheanalystalsoincludessomeinformationthatwasobtainedfromathird-partydataprovider.Theanalystisunawarethatthethird-partydataproviderhasafinancialinterestinthecompanybeinganalyzed.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheanalysttomaintainindependenceandobjectivity?a.Continuingtousetheinformationfromthethird-partydataproviderintheresearchreportwithoutmakinganyadjustments.b.Notingthepotentialbiasintheinformationprovidedbythethird-partydataproviderintheresearchreportanddiscardingtheinformation.c.Requestingadditionalinformationfromthethird-partydataprovidertoverifytheaccuracyoftheinformationandmitigatethepotentialbias.d.Disclosingtherelationshipbetweenthethird-partydataproviderandthecompanybeinganalyzedintheresearchreportandusingtheinformationwithcaution.20.Aportfoliomanagerisresponsibleformanagingaclient'sportfoliothatincludesasignificantholdinginacompany.Theportfoliomanager'sbrotherworksforacompetitorofthecompanyandisawareofthelargeholdingintheportfolio.Theportfoliomanagerisconsideringsellingtheholdingtoreducethefirm'sexposuretothecompany.Whichofthefollowingactionsismostappropriatefortheportfoliomanagertomanagethepotentialconflictofinterest?a.Sellingtheholdinggraduallyovertimetoavoidcausinganysignificantmarketimpact.b.Disclosingthepotentialconflictofinteresttotheclientandseekingtheirconsentbeforesellingtheholding.c.Decliningtoselltheholdingtoavoidanypotentialconflictofinterestwiththebrother.d.Sellingtheholdingimmediatelytoavoidanypotentiallegalissues,withoutdisclosingtheactiontotheclient.試卷答案1.d解析思路：該題目考察利益沖突的管理。選項a、b、c均未充分披露和管理利益沖突。選項d最符合道德準則，要求在披露潛在沖突后獲得客戶的同意，體現(xiàn)了透明度和客戶利益優(yōu)先的原則。2.d解析思路：該題目考察專業(yè)勝任能力（StandardIII(A)）。選項a、b、c均未