核心素養(yǎng)測評(30分鐘32.5分)十七選擇性必修第一冊Unit1PeopleofAchievementⅠ.閱讀理解(共8小題;每小題2.5分,滿分20分)A(2024·威海模擬)MassimoBottura,athree-Michelin-Starredchef,hasextendedhisculinary(烹飪的)empireglobally,However,hesaysthatthepeakofallofhisachievementsisMilan’sRefettorioAmbrosianoandthefollowing12globalbranches.AtRefettorioAmbrosiano,dinnerguestsaregreetedbyname.Theydineonfinechinaattablescreatedbythecountry’smostsought-afterfurnituredesigners.Thewtersarepolite,andthechefshavebeentrnedunderthefinestrestaurateursintheworld.Thesetmenuchangeseveryday,dependingonwhatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.Thismorning’sdeliverycontnsdryarugula(芝麻菜),chickenclosetoitssell-bydateandtoo-ugly-to-be-soldoranges.Bydinner,however,thesupermarketcastoffshavebeentransformedintoathree-coursemeal.The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwters,prsingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.ThebrightestgemsinBottura’sculinaryempirearenotrestaurantsatall.Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguestswhilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoodsthatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals.BotturafirstthoughtofRefettorioAmbrosianoasapop-upconceptforthe2015WorldExpoinMilan.Theorganizershadinvitedhimtocookforthegrandopening.Botturaproposedsomethingdifferent.Hewantedtoinvitetheworld’sbestchefstocookwithhimforthecity’shomeless,usingleftovers.Thatideasoongotsupportedandturnedintosomethingmorepermanent.“Today,theRefettorioisamovement,”Botturasays.“Itisamodelforfightingfoodwasteandisolationonthefrontlines.Anditstartsbylookingatanoldcarrotorapieceofhardbreadandcatchingsightofgold.”【語篇屬性】語篇類型記敘文主題語境人與社會(社會服務(wù)與人際溝通公益事業(yè)與志愿服務(wù))語篇內(nèi)容文章講述了MassimoBottura及其創(chuàng)立的RefettorioAmbrosiano,探討了該機(jī)構(gòu)如何通過利用剩余食材為弱勢群體提供高質(zhì)量餐飲服務(wù),同時解決食物浪費問題。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了Bottura的社會責(zé)任感和創(chuàng)新精神,以及Refettorio在社會和環(huán)境方面的積極影響語篇結(jié)構(gòu)Para.1Bottura’sachievementsandthespecialstatusofRefettorio.Para.2ThediningenvironmentandserviceatRefettorio.Para.3HowRefettoriotransformsdiscardedsupermarketingredientsintodeliciousdishes.Para.4ThecorephilosophyofRefettorio.Para.5ThebackgroundandoriginalintentionofthefoundingofRefettorio.Para.6ThecurrentstatusandsignificanceofRefettorio.【命題意圖】1.HowdoestheRefettorioAmbrosianodifferfromBottura’sotherrestaurants?題目要求識別并闡述RefettorioAmbrosiano與Bottura的其他餐廳的不同之處。本題旨在考查學(xué)生對文章細(xì)節(jié)的捕捉能力,特別是對比分析的能力2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheeventatRefettorioAmbrosiano?題目要求從選項中選出最能準(zhǔn)確描述在RefettorioAmbrosiano發(fā)生的事件的一項。本題考查學(xué)生對文章中描述的事件的理解程度和歸納總結(jié)能力3.WhatdoesBotturathinkoftheRefettorio?題目要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出Bottura對Refettorio的看法或評價。本題考查對態(tài)度和觀點的理解4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?題目要求選擇一個能夠準(zhǔn)確概括文章主題或核心內(nèi)容的標(biāo)題。本題考查學(xué)生對文章整體內(nèi)容的把握和概括能力1.HowdoestheRefettorioAmbrosianodifferfromBottura’sotherrestaurants?A.Thewtersarewell-trned.B.Thetablesarecustom-made.C.Theyarethree-Michelin-starred.D.Dlydeliverydecidesthesetmenu.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thesetmenuchangeseveryday,dependingonwhatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.”可知,RefettorioAmbrosiano餐廳與Bottura的其他餐廳的不同之處在于套餐是由每天的送貨來決定的。2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheeventatRefettorioAmbrosiano?A.Aneveninggatheringforlocalchefs.B.Acharitysaleofsupermarketcastoffs.C.Awealthymealfortheless-fortunate.D.Avolunteertrningforthehomeless.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwters,prsingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.”可知,為不幸的人準(zhǔn)備的豐盛大餐,能最好地描述在RefettorioAmbrosiano餐廳發(fā)生的事,故選C。3.WhatdoesBotturathinkoftheRefettorio?A.It’shisbestprofitablerestaurant.B.It’sagoodprojectforfoodsafety.C.It’sapop-upconcepttoextendhisbusiness.D.It’swin-winfortheenvironmentandsociety.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容和上文提到的Refettorio為難民、無家可歸者和失業(yè)者提供大餐可推知,Refettorio對環(huán)境和社會是雙贏的。4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LessWaste,MoreTasteB.ADinnerofDignityC.BestRestaurant,BestServiceD.ThePowerofFood【解析】選A。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其根據(jù)第一段中“However,hesaysthatthepeakofallofhisachievementsisMilan’sRefettorioAmbrosianoandthefollowing12globalbranches.”以及第三段的內(nèi)容和第四段中“Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealight...MichelinGuide-worthymeals.”可知,文章主要講述了米其林三星級廚師MassimoBottura創(chuàng)立了RefettorioAmbrosiano餐廳,用超市里丟棄的食物為一些難民、無家可歸者和失業(yè)者提供美味的大餐,這減少了食物浪費,故A項“更少的浪費,更多的美味”適合作文章標(biāo)題?！鹃喿x障礙】【生疏單詞】sought-after adj.很吃香的,廣受歡迎的sell-bydate 最遲銷售日期castoff n. 垃圾leftover n.剩余物;殘羹剩菜shinealighton 使……顯現(xiàn)出來;照亮【熟詞生義】“Michelin-Starred”通常指米其林星級餐廳,但在這里更側(cè)重于描述Bottura作為一位獲得多項殊榮的大廚的身份。“culinaryempire”字面意思是“烹飪帝國”,這里比喻Bottura在全球范圍內(nèi)的餐飲業(yè)影響力?！皊etmenu”通常指固定的菜單,但在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是每天根據(jù)送來的食材變化而變化的菜單?！皃op-upconcept”原意是“臨時概念店”,在這里指的是Bottura最初設(shè)想的RefettorioAmbrosiano作為一個臨時項目的想法?！鹃L難句分析】Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguestswhilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoodsthatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals.分析:第一個that引導(dǎo)定語從句thatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguests,先行詞是spaces。whilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoods是省略句,作狀語。thatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals是定語從句,先行詞是foods。翻譯:他認(rèn)為它們是照亮客人尊嚴(yán)的空間,同時將注意力集中在食物浪費問題上,把那些原本將被丟進(jìn)垃圾桶的食物變成符合米其林指南價值的飯。B(2025·浙江名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)GladysWest,themathematician,wasbornin1930inVirginiaandhadtohelpharvestcropsonherfamily’sfarm.Thehardworkstartedbeforedaybreakandlastedwellintotheblisteringheatoftheafternoon.Togetoutofthere,shewasgoingtogeteducation.Herparentstriedtosavesomemoneytosendhertocollege,butunexpectedbillskepthittingthefund.Thenateacherannouncedthatthestatewasgoingtogiveacollegescholarshiptothetwotopstudentsfromhergrade.Finally,Westgotthescholarship,allowinghertoattendVirginiaStateCollege(nowVirginiaStateUniversity),ahistoricallyblackuniversity.Westdecidedtomajorinmathematicsbecauseitwasawell-respectedsubject.Itwaslargelystudiedbymen,butshedidn’ttakemuchnoticeofitassheknewdeepinherheartthatnothingwasgettinginherway.Aftergraduating,shebecameateacher.Afewyearslater,shereturnedtotheuniversityandearnedamaster’sdegreeinmathematics.ThenshewasofferedajobatanavalbaseinDahlgren,Virginia.Thismadeheronlythesecondblackwomantobehiredtoworkasaprogrammeratthebase.Despiteherintellectualabilitiesandcareersuccess,Westfeltshewasinferior.Itwasthisfeeling,deeplyrootedandfeltbymanyAfricanAmericans,thatdrovehertoworkashardasshecould.Westdeterminedtocommitherselftoherwork,hopingthatbydoingittothebestofherability,shecouldgetrecognitionforherwork.Westdidjustthat.In1978,shebecameprojectmanagerfortheSeasatproject,thefirstsatellitethatcouldmonitortheoceans.SheprogrammedanIBM7030“Stretch”computer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetledmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.In1998,aged68,sheintendedtofocusonherPhDafterretirement.SheeventuallyfinishedhergraduationthesisandgnedherPhDinpublicadministrationandpolicyaffrsin2000attheageof70.

【文章大意】本文主要介紹了非裔美國數(shù)學(xué)家GladysWest的故事。她幼年家境貧困,上大學(xué)時主修數(shù)學(xué),畢業(yè)后擔(dān)任教師,后又成為海軍基地的程序員。由于工作努力,她成為項目經(jīng)理,70歲時獲得了博士學(xué)位。5.WhatwasthedecisivefactortoenableGladysWesttogototheuniversity?A.Herteacher’sdingher.B.Herparents’payingtheexpenses.C.Herfamilybackground.D.Thescholarshipfromthegovernment.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的內(nèi)容可知,政府將給她那個年級的兩名優(yōu)等生提供大學(xué)獎學(xué)金。最后,她獲得了獎學(xué)金,進(jìn)入了大學(xué)。據(jù)此可知,政府提供的獎學(xué)金是她能讀大學(xué)的決定性因素,故D項正確。6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Westgotallherdegreesafterretirement.B.MendominatedthemathsfieldinWest’sdays.C.Blackwomenscientists’talentwasfullyappreciated.D.Whenshebegantowork,Westfeltshewassuperiortoothers.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。由第三段的“Itwaslargelystudiedbymen”可知,在那個年代,數(shù)學(xué)主要是由男性研究的;據(jù)此可以推知,在West那個年代,男性在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域占主導(dǎo)地位,故選B項。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inParagraph5mean?A.Abasicpart. B.Adetledmap.C.Abuildingmaterial. D.Amajorobstacle.【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。由語境可知,畫線短語所在句表示“這個詳細(xì)的地球形狀數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS軌道的基礎(chǔ)”,故畫線短語的意思應(yīng)為“基礎(chǔ)組成部分,構(gòu)成要素”,所以A項切題。8.WhatkindofpersonwasGladysWest?A.Helpfulandserious.B.Honestandhardworking.C.Ambitiousandcommitted.D.Considerateanddevoted.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。由第一段描述可知,GladysWest自小在家從事艱苦勞動,為了離開家,她決定上學(xué);由第三段內(nèi)容可知,她決定學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),雖然該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)男性居多,但她深知沒有什么可以阻擋她。據(jù)此可以推知,她是一個有抱負(fù)的人。由第四段的“Itwasthisfeeling...workashardasshecould”可知,她是一個對工作盡心盡力的人。綜上可知,C項正確。Ⅱ.七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)(2024·聊城模擬)NewacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyattheChineseAcademyofSciences.9Theymedtomakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentofthenation’sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationandpromotingtheroleoffemalescientists.

AcademicianHuangmadethreecommitmentstohimselftocontributehisenergytoscientificresearch;toapplyhisachievementsinthefields;andtoprovidemoreopportunitiesforyoungpeople.“10Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,wecanfosteradiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates,”hesd.

AcademicianJianZhiminadvisedyoungstudentsthatpersistenceshouldbethemostvaluablespiritonthepathofscientificresearch.“11Thisdeterminationandperseveranceareessentialinscientificresearch,”hesd.

Outofthe59newlyelectedacademiciansthisyear,fiveofthemarefemalescientists.AcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespectingtheroleofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.12

13Forexample,shesdfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationandtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takingintoconsiderationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.

A.Theyaremoreresilient(有適應(yīng)力的),whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.B.Inrecentyears,JinhasnoticedtheincreasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.C.Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.D.Shehasbothmaleandfemalestudents,whoareirreplaceabletoeachother.E.The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.F.IhopethehonorIreceivedcaninspiremorefemalestodevelopaninterestinphysics.G.Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingistopersistwithoriginalintention.9.【解析】選E。根據(jù)前文“Newacademicians”“thecertificateawardingceremony”和后文的“They”這一人稱代詞可知,空處應(yīng)是一個過渡句,從而銜接前后。E選項“The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.”承前啟后,且與后文“med”形成順承關(guān)系。故選E。