高考英語(yǔ)四大類科普話題核心詞匯表（含真題例句+復(fù)習(xí)策略）（一）前沿科技與人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)n.人工智能

AIalgorithmscandetectearlysignsofAlzheimer'sdiseasebyanalyzingvoicechanges.（2024新全國(guó)I卷）高頻專有名詞，需掌握縮寫(xiě)及應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

brain-computerinterface(BCI)n.腦機(jī)接口

TheBCItechnologyenablesparalyzedpatientstocommunicateandmoveagain.（2022北京卷）科技類術(shù)語(yǔ)，結(jié)合“brain+computer”聯(lián)想記憶

algorithmn.算法

Criticsarguethatalgorithmbiasmayleadtounfairdecisionsinjobrecruitment.搭配：algorithmbias（算法偏見(jiàn)）、AIalgorithm（人工智能算法）

dataprivacyn.數(shù)據(jù)隱私

WiththedevelopmentofAI,protectingdataprivacyhasbecomeamajorconcern.固定搭配，高頻出現(xiàn)于科技倫理話題

neuralmechanismn.神經(jīng)機(jī)制

Researchersarestudyingtheneuralmechanismofmemoryformationandretrieval.學(xué)術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)，“neural”（神經(jīng)的）為核心詞根

virtualreality(VR)n.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)

VRtechnologyiswidelyusedineducationandmedicaltrainingforimmersiveexperiences.縮寫(xiě)需熟記，搭配“immersiveexperiences”（沉浸式體驗(yàn)）

demonstratev.證明；展示

TheexperimentdemonstratesthatAIcanmatchexperienceddoctorsinmedical

diagnosis.科普文高頻動(dòng)詞，表“研究證明”

hypothesizev.假設(shè)

Scientistshypothesizethatquantumcomputingwillrevolutionizedataprocessing.對(duì)應(yīng)名詞“hypothesis”，實(shí)驗(yàn)類文章常用

（二）生態(tài)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展microplasticsn.微塑料Chineseresearchershaveproposedasolutiontoremovemicroplasticsfromwaterbyboilingandfiltering.（2025全國(guó)I卷）真題高頻詞，結(jié)合“micro（微小）+plastics”記憶

carbonsinkn.碳匯Mangrovesandseagrassbedsareimportantbluecarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxide.（2023全國(guó)乙卷）“bluecarbonsink”（藍(lán)色碳匯）為專有表達(dá)

biodiversityn.生物多樣性Protectingbiodiversityiscrucialformaintainingthebalanceofecosystems.搭配：protectbiodiversity（保護(hù)生物多樣性）

renewableenergyn.可再生能源

Solarandwindpowerarethemostwidelyusedrenewableenergysources.對(duì)應(yīng)“fossilfuels”（化石燃料），對(duì)比記憶

ecologicalcorridorn.生態(tài)走廊

Theecologicalcorridorhelpsrarespeciesmovefreelybetweenprotectedareas.結(jié)合“ecological（生態(tài)的）+corridor（走廊）”理解

sustainabledevelopmentn.可持續(xù)發(fā)展

Reducingfoodwasteisanimportantpartofsustainabledevelopment.固定搭配，環(huán)保話題核心概念

alleviatev.緩解；減輕

Plantingmoretreescanalleviateairpollutionandurbanwarming.（2021浙江卷）同義替換：reduce,ease，環(huán)境問(wèn)題解決方案類文章常用

degradev.降解；惡化

Plasticwastedegradesveryslowlyandcauseslong-termenvironmentaldamage.反義詞“biodegradable”（可生物降解的），成對(duì)記憶

（三）心理健康與社會(huì)科學(xué)cognitivebiasn.認(rèn)知偏見(jiàn)

Confirmationbiasmakespeopleonlyacceptinformationthatsupportstheirownviews.細(xì)分話題核心詞，“confirmationbias”（證實(shí)性偏見(jiàn)）為高頻子項(xiàng)

curiosityn.好奇心

Curiosityenhanceslearningandmemorybymotivatingpeopletoexplorenewthings.（2024全國(guó)甲卷）真題原詞，搭配“enhancelearningandmemory”

stresshormonen.壓力荷爾蒙

Forestbathingcanreducestresshormonelevelsandimprovementalhealth.（2023新高考I卷）科普類術(shù)語(yǔ)，結(jié)合生活場(chǎng)景理解

procrastinationn.拖延癥

Thearticleexplainsthepsychologicalcausesofprocrastinationandpracticalsolutions.（2022全國(guó)乙卷）高頻生活類科普詞，學(xué)生易理解

growthmindsetn.成長(zhǎng)型思維

Havingagrowthmindsethelpspeopleovercomedifficultiesinlearning.教育類科普核心概念，需掌握內(nèi)涵

mindfulnessmeditationn.正念冥想Mindfulnessmeditationisaneffectivewaytomanageanxietyandstress.固定搭配，情緒管理話題常用

altruismn.利他主義

Studiesshowthataltruisticbehaviorcanbringasenseofsatisfactiontoindividuals.對(duì)應(yīng)“prosocialbehavior”（親社會(huì)行為），同義替換

implicationn.影響；含義Theresearchhasimportantimplicationsforimprovingteachingmethods.抽象名詞，表“研究結(jié)論的意義”

（四）生命科學(xué)與健康生活intermittentfastingn.間歇性禁食

Researchhasshownthatintermittentfastinghasmultiplehealthbenefits,suchasimprovingmetabolism.（2023北京卷）真題原詞，健康類熱點(diǎn)話題

gutmicrobiotan.腸道菌群

Thegutmicrobiotaplaysanimportantroleinhumanhealthandemotionalregulation.學(xué)術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)，“microbiota”（微生物群）為核心詞

immunefunctionn.免疫功能

Lackofsleepcanweakenimmunefunctionandmakepeoplemorelikelytogetsick.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）搭配：weaken/improveimmunefunction

CRISPRn.基因編輯技術(shù)

CRISPRisapowerfulgene-editingtoolthathasrevolutionizedbiologicalresearch.專有縮寫(xiě)，生命科學(xué)前沿術(shù)語(yǔ)

epigeneticsn.表觀遺傳學(xué)Epigeneticsstudieshowenvironmentalfactorsaffectgeneexpression.

高階學(xué)術(shù)詞，了解核心定義即可

metabolismn.新陳代謝Abalanceddietandregularexercisecanimprovemetabolism.

健康類文章基礎(chǔ)詞匯，搭配“improve/boostmetabolism”

sedentarylifestylen.久坐不動(dòng)的生活方式

Asedentarylifestyleisassociatedwithvariouschronicdiseases.

反面搭配“regularexercise”（規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)）

nutrientn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)素

Freshvegetablesandfruitsprovideessentialnutrientsforthehumanbody.

搭配：essentialnutrients（必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)素）

二、2021-2025科普類真題語(yǔ)篇整合（附結(jié)構(gòu)拆解+題型解析）（一）語(yǔ)篇1：生態(tài)環(huán)境類（2025全國(guó)I卷閱讀D篇）原文節(jié)選①M(fèi)icroplastics,tinypiecesofplasticlessthan5millimetersindiameter,havebecomeaglobalenvironmentalproblem,pollutingoceans,rivers,andevendrinkingwater.②Arecentstudyfoundthatmicroplasticscanbedetectedin80%ofdrinkingwatersamplesworldwide,raisingconcernsabouthumanhealth.③Toaddressthisissue,researchersfromaChineseuniversityhavedevelopedasimpleandeffectivemethod:boilingwaterandthenfilteringitwithacommoncoffeefilter.④Theexperimentshowedthatthismethodcanremoveupto90%ofmicroplasticsinwater.⑤However,expertsremindthatthismethodisonlysuitablefordrinkingwaterandcannotsolvetherootproblemofplasticpollution.⑥Reducingplasticuseatthesourceisstillthemostfundamentalsolution.結(jié)構(gòu)拆解（教學(xué)用）1.現(xiàn)象引入（①②）：提出微塑料污染的全球性問(wèn)題及對(duì)飲用水的影響。2.解決方案（③④）：介紹中國(guó)科研人員的“水煮+咖啡過(guò)濾”方法及效果。3.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明（⑤⑥）：指出方法的局限性，強(qiáng)調(diào)源頭減塑的重要性。題型解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題WhatisthemethoddevelopedbyChineseresearchers?定位第③句，提取“boilingwater+filteringwithcoffeefilter”訓(xùn)練“關(guān)鍵詞定位”能力，關(guān)注具體措施

推理判斷題Whatcanweinferfromparagraph⑤?從“onlysuitablefordrinkingwater”推出“方法有局限性”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折詞“however”后的信息

主旨大意題Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?核心圍繞“微塑料污染及解決方案”，避免局限于單一方法提醒學(xué)生兼顧“問(wèn)題+解決方案+補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明”

（二）語(yǔ)篇2：前沿科技類（2024新全國(guó)I卷閱讀C篇）原文節(jié)選①Alzheimer'sdisease,aprogressivebraindisorder,isdifficulttodiagnoseinitsearlystages.②However,anewstudypublishedinNatureCommunicationssuggeststhatAIcanhelpchangethissituation.③ResearcherstrainedanAIalgorithmtoanalyzevoicesamplesfrompatientswithAlzheimer'sandhealthypeople.④Thealgorithmfocusedonsubtlechangesinspeech,suchaspauses,tone,andwordchoice.⑤TheresultsshowedthattheAIcoulddistinguishbetweenthetwogroupswithanaccuracyrateof85%.⑥Expertsbelievethatthistechnologyhasgreatpotentialforearlydiagnosis,especiallyinareaswithlimitedmedicalresources.⑦ButtheyalsowarnthattheAIsystemneedsmorediversedatatoimproveitsreliability.結(jié)構(gòu)拆解（教學(xué)用）1.問(wèn)題提出（①）：阿爾茨海默癥早期診斷困難。2.技術(shù)介紹（②③④）：AI通過(guò)分析語(yǔ)音樣本進(jìn)行診斷的原理。3.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果（⑤）：AI診斷準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)85%。4.前景與挑戰(zhàn)（⑥⑦）：肯定應(yīng)用潛力，指出數(shù)據(jù)多樣性的不足。題型解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題WhatdoestheAIalgorithmfocusonwhenanalyzingvoicesamples?定位第④句，提取“pauses,tone,wordchoice”訓(xùn)練“同義替換”能力（subtlechanges=smalldifferences）

態(tài)度判斷題Whatistheexperts'attitudetowardstheAItechnology?從“greatpotential”和“needsmorediversedata”推出“謹(jǐn)慎樂(lè)觀”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生綜合正反觀點(diǎn)，避免片面判斷

詞義猜測(cè)題Whatdoestheunderlinedword"progressive"mean?結(jié)合“difficulttodiagnoseinearlystages”推導(dǎo)“進(jìn)行性的（逐漸惡化的）”教會(huì)學(xué)生利用上下文邏輯猜測(cè)詞義

（三）語(yǔ)篇3：心理健康類（2023新高考I卷七選五）原文節(jié)選①Inmodernsociety,peopleareincreasinglystressedduetowork,study,andlifepressures.②Howtoreducestresseffectivelyhasbecomeahottopic.③Forestbathing,orspendingtimewalkinginforests,hasbeenproventobeasimpleandeffectiveway.④________.⑤Whenpeopleareinforests,theyareexposedtofreshair,greenplants,andnaturalsounds.⑥Theseelementscancalmthenervoussystemandlowerthelevelofcortisol,astresshormone.⑦_(dá)_______.⑧AstudyconductedinJapanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka20-minutewalkinaforesthadsignificantlylowercortisollevelsthanthosewhowalkedinanurbanarea.⑨______