2025在職研究生同等學(xué)力申碩英語真題歷年試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestoption(A,B,C,orD)thatcorrespondstothecorrectanswer.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateamongexpertsandthepublicalike.Proponentshighlightitspotentialtoautomatetedioustasks,enhanceproductivityacrossvariousindustries,andevenaidinmedicaldiagnosisbyanalyzingvastamountsofdata.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIsystemsseamlesslyintegrateintodailylife,frommanaginghomeappliancestoprovidingpersonalizededucation.However,criticsraisevalidconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofhumanjobs,theethicalimplicationsofautomateddecision-making,andtheriskoftechnologymisuse.ThepossibilityofAIdevelopinguncontrollablebiases,inadvertentlyreinforcingsocietalinequalities,isalsoasignificantworry.Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequirescarefulconsideration,robustregulation,andongoingdialoguetoensureAIbenefitssocietyasawholewithoutcausingundueharm.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThespecificapplicationsofAIinmedicaldiagnosis.B.Thepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofartificialintelligence.C.Thepublic'sfearoflosingcontrolovertechnology.D.TheroleofregulationinthedevelopmentofAI.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneconcernraisedbycritics?A.AIwillmakehomeappliancestooexpensive.B.AIsystemsmightnotbeabletoperformcomplextasks.C.AIcouldleadtojoblossesandethicaldilemmas.D.AIdevelopmentismovingtooslowly.3.Theword"sparked"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:A.IgnoredB.SupportedC.InitiatedD.Ignored4.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryformanagingAI?A.EncouragingmorepeopletosupportAI.B.IncreasingfundingforAIresearch.C.Engagingincarefulplanningandregulation.D.ReducingthenumberofAIsystemsdeveloped.Passage2Urbanizationistransforminglandscapesgloballyatanunprecedentedpace.Theshiftfromruraltourbanlivingbringsnumerouschanges,bothpositiveandnegative,tocommunitiesandindividuals.Ontheonehand,citiesoffermoreopportunitiesforemployment,education,andculturalengagement.Theyserveashubsforinnovation,providingaccesstodiversepopulationsandresourcesthatcandriveeconomicgrowth.Theconcentrationofpeopleandbusinessesinurbanareasoftenfostersadynamicenvironmentwherenewideascanemergeandflourish.Ontheotherhand,rapidurbanizationcanstraininfrastructure,leadingtoissuesliketrafficcongestion,housingshortages,andinadequatepublicservices.Environmentalconcernsalsoarise,includingincreasedpollution,higherenergyconsumption,andthelossofgreenspaces.Managingthesechallengesrequiressustainableurbanplanningthatprioritizeslivability,environmentalprotection,andequitableaccesstoresourcesforallresidents.5.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?A.Thenegativeimpactofpollutioninurbanareas.B.Theeconomicbenefitscitiesbringtoruralpopulations.C.Thecomplexeffectsofurbanizationonsocietyandtheenvironment.D.Thehistoricaldevelopmentofmajorcitiesworldwide.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapositiveaspectofurbanization?A.Italwaysleadstoanincreaseinemployment.B.Citiesarelessenvironmentallyimpactfulthanruralareas.C.Urbanareasprovidemoreopportunitiesandculturaldiversity.D.Infrastructuredevelopmentalwayskeepspacewithpopulationgrowth.7.Thephrase"ontheonehand...ontheotherhand"isusedtoindicate:A.Acontrastbetweentwodifferentideas.B.Asummaryofthemainpointsdiscussed.C.Anexplanationofthecausesofurbanization.D.Adescriptionofthefutureofcities.8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyisnecessaryforsuccessfulurbandevelopment?A.Stoppingthemovementofpeoplefromruralareas.B.Focusingonlyoneconomicgrowth.C.Implementingsustainableplanningpractices.D.Limitingthenumberofnewbuildingsconstructed.Passage3Theconceptoflifelonglearninghasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasthejobmarketbecomesincreasinglycompetitiveandtechnologyrapidlyevolves.Itreferstothecontinuousacquisitionofnewknowledge,skills,andcompetenciesthroughoutanindividual'slife,notlimitedtoformaleducationsettingslikeschoolsoruniversities.Proponentsarguethatinaworldwhereskillscanbecomeobsoletequickly,lifelonglearningisessentialforpersonaladaptability,careeradvancement,andsocialinclusion.Itempowersindividualstostayrelevant,pursuenewinterests,andadapttochangingsocietalneeds.Formalprograms,onlinecourses,workshops,reading,andpracticalexperiencesareallconsideredvalidpathwaysforlifelonglearning.Whilethebenefitsareclear,challengessuchasaccessibility,cost,andtheneedformotivationexist.However,thegrowingavailabilityofdigitalresourcesandtherecognitionofitsimportancebyemployersandpolicymakersarefosteringamorelearning-orientedcultureglobally.9.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofchoosingtherightuniversityforfuturesuccess.B.Thenecessityofconstantlyupdatingjobskillsinthemodernera.C.Thevariousmethodspeoplecanuseforself-improvement.D.Thedecliningvalueofformaleducationcomparedtoonlinelearning.10.Accordingtothepassage,whyislifelonglearningconsideredimportant?A.Itguaranteesahighersalary.B.Ithelpsindividualsadapttoadynamicworldandadvancetheircareers.C.Itreducestheneedforformaleducation.D.Itprimarilybenefitsemployersbyprovidingalargertalentpool.11.Theword"competitive"inthefirstsentenceisbestunderstoodas:A.ExpensiveB.ChallengingC.FunD.Easy12.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureoflearning?A.Formaleducationwillcompletelyreplaceotherlearningmethods.B.Technologyandaglobalperspectivewillincreasinglysupportcontinuouslearning.C.Onlyasmallpercentageofthepopulationwillengageinlifelonglearning.D.Employerswillnolongerrequireemployeestolearnnewthings.Passage4Climatechangepresentsoneofthemostformidablechallengeshumanityfacesthiscentury.Itscausesareprimarilyrootedinhumanactivities,particularlytheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,oil,andnaturalgas,whichreleaselargeamountsofgreenhousegases(GHGs)intotheatmosphere.Thesegases,includingcarbondioxideandmethane,trapheatfromthesun,leadingtoagradualincreaseinglobalaveragetemperatures—aphenomenonknownasglobalwarming.Theconsequencesofthiswarmingarefar-reachingandincreasinglyevident.Risingsealevelsthreatencoastalcommunitiesandecosystems,extremeweathereventssuchasheatwaves,droughts,andheavyrainfallbecomemorefrequentandintense,andentireecosystemsstruggletoadapt.Agriculturefacessignificantdisruption,waterresourcesbecomescarcer,andthedisplacementofpopulationsduetoenvironmentalfactorsposessocialandhumanitarianchallenges.AddressingclimatechangerequiresaconcertedglobaleffortinvolvingsignificantreductionsinGHGemissions,thetransitiontorenewableenergysources,enhancedenergyefficiency,andtheadoptionofmoresustainablepracticesacrossallsectorsofsociety.13.Whatisthemaincauseofclimatechangementionedinthepassage?A.Naturalvariationsinsolarradiation.B.ThenaturalreleaseofgasesfromtheEarth'scrust.C.Humanactivitiesreleasinggreenhousegases.D.Theaccumulationofdustintheatmosphere.14.Whatisadirectresultoftheincreasedgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere?A.Adecreaseinglobalweatherpatterns.B.ThecoolingoftheEarth'ssurface.C.Thetrappingofheatandanincreaseinglobaltemperatures.D.AreductionintheamountofsunlightreachingtheEarth.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneconsequenceofclimatechange?A.Anincreaseintheavailabilityoffreshwater.B.Morestableandpredictableweatherpatterns.C.Thedisplacementofpeopleandthreatstoagriculture.D.Thegrowthofcoastalhabitatsduetorisingsealevels.16.Theword"formidable"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:A.SmallB.SurprisingC.SeriousanddifficulttodealwithD.Temporary第二部分詞匯與語法Directions:Choosethebestwordorphrase(A,B,C,orD)tocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.17.Despitenumerousobstacles,theteam______managedtocompletetheprojectontime.A.successfullyB.successivelyC.successivelyD.successful18.Thenewpolicyaimsto______incomeinequalityandprovidebettersocialsupportfordisadvantagedgroups.A.decreaseB.decreasingC.decreasedD.todecrease19.IfI______you,Iwouldreconsidermydecisionandtalktoyourmanagerdirectly.A.amB.beC.wereD.being20.Onlybypracticingregularlycanyouhopeto______yourlanguageskillstoahighlevel.A.improveB.improvingC.improvedD.beimproved21.Thecommitteefounditdifficulttoreacha______onthebestcourseofaction.A.conclusionB.conclusiveC.concludeD.conclusing22.Itisgenerallyagreedthatregularphysicalactivityisessentialfor______health.A.bodyB.healthyC.healthD.thehealth23.Despitehis______efforts,hewasunabletorepairthedamagedequipment.A.diligentB.diligentlyC.diligenceD.diligentness24.Thebookprovidesaninsightful______intothecausesandeffectsofclimatechange.A.analysisB.analyzingC.analyzeD.analyzed25.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher______satisfiedwiththequalityofthepresentation.A.areB.isC.wasD.were26.Mysister______gonetothelibrary;sheshouldbebackbytomorrow.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.havegone27.Themanageraskedmetoprepareadetailedreport______theprogressoftheproject.A.regardingB.aboutC.forD.on28.Thisisthe______mountainIhaveeverclimbed;theviewfromthetopisbreathtaking.A.highB.higherC.highestD.morehigher29.Unlessyou______morecareful,youwillmakethesamemistakeagain.A.willbeB.areC.beD.willhavebeen30.Sheisinterestedin______aboutancientcivilizationsandtheircontributionstomodernsociety.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learned第三部分翻譯Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，在線教育已成為許多人提升技能和知識的重要途徑。它打破了傳統(tǒng)教育在時間和空間上的限制，讓學(xué)習(xí)者可以隨時隨地接入豐富的學(xué)習(xí)資源。從專業(yè)課程到興趣培養(yǎng)，在線教育平臺提供了多樣化的選擇。然而，它也帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)，比如如何保證學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量、如何維持學(xué)習(xí)者的動力和專注度，以及如何彌合數(shù)字鴻溝，讓更多人平等地享受在線教育帶來的便利。因此，推動在線教育的健康發(fā)展，需要平臺、教育者和學(xué)習(xí)者共同努力，不斷創(chuàng)新和優(yōu)化。第四部分寫作Directions:Writeanessayofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingtopic.Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldinvestmoremoneyinpublictransportationsystemsthaninroadsforprivatevehicles.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisview?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解1.B解析思路：文章首句指出AI引發(fā)了爭論，接著分別闡述了支持者（好處）和批評者（壞處）的觀點。第二段明確提到“potentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofartificialintelligence”，且全文圍繞此展開，故B選項“artificialintelligence的潛在好處和壞處”最能概括主旨。2.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，批評者擔(dān)心的問題包括“potentialdisplacementofhumanjobs”（可能取代人類工作）和“ethicalimplicationsofautomateddecision-making”（自動化決策的倫理問題），以及“riskoftechnologymisuse”（技術(shù)誤用的風(fēng)險）。選項C“AI可能導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和倫理困境”涵蓋了其中兩個主要擔(dān)憂，與原文信息一致。3.C解析思路：“sparked”意為引發(fā)，激起。選項A“ignored”（忽視）、B“supported”（支持）和D“initiated”（發(fā)起）的含義與“sparked”（引發(fā)）不完全吻合。C選項“initiated”（引發(fā)）在語義上最接近，表示AI的爭論被引發(fā)出來。4.C解析思路：文章最后一段指出，在復(fù)雜局面下，需要“carefulconsideration,robustregulation,andongoingdialogue”（仔細(xì)考慮、強有力的監(jiān)管和持續(xù)的對話）來確保AI的益處并避免危害。選項C“進行仔細(xì)的計劃和監(jiān)管”是對此的直接概括。5.C解析思路：文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，先提出城市化帶來了變化（包括正面和負(fù)面），然后分別論述了正反兩方面的影響（機遇與挑戰(zhàn)）。核心內(nèi)容是城市化帶來的復(fù)雜后果，選項C“城市化對社會和環(huán)境帶來的復(fù)雜影響”最符合主旨。6.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ontheonehand,citiesoffermoreopportunitiesforemployment,education,andculturalengagement”以及“concentrationofpeopleandbusinesses...fostersadynamicenvironmentwherenewideascanemergeandflourish”，城市提供了更多就業(yè)、教育、文化機會，并且有多元化和創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境，即文化多樣性。選項C“城市提供了更多機會和多元文化”概括了這些積極方面。7.A解析思路：該短語用于對比兩種不同的情況或觀點?！癘ntheonehand”提到了城市的好處（如機會、文化多樣性），“ontheotherhand”則提到了壞處（如基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施壓力、環(huán)境問題）。因此，它表示的是一種對比關(guān)系。8.C解析思路：文章最后一句明確指出，成功城市化需要“sustainableurbanplanningthatprioritizeslivability,environmentalprotection,andequitableaccesstoresources”（優(yōu)先考慮宜居性、環(huán)境保護和資源公平獲取的可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃）。選項C“實施可持續(xù)規(guī)劃實踐”是對此的直接轉(zhuǎn)述。9.B解析思路：文章核心是討論在快速變化的時代，個人需要通過“continuousacquisitionofnewknowledge,skills,andcompetencies”（不斷獲取新知識、技能和競爭力）來適應(yīng)，這直接關(guān)聯(lián)到現(xiàn)代就業(yè)市場的競爭性。選項B“在當(dāng)今時代不斷更新工作技能的必要性”最能體現(xiàn)文章主旨。10.B解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第二句，支持者認(rèn)為終身學(xué)習(xí)對于個人“personaladaptability,careeradvancement,andsocialinclusion”（個人適應(yīng)性、職業(yè)進步和社會融入）至關(guān)重要。選項B“它幫助個人適應(yīng)一個動態(tài)世界并提升他們的職業(yè)生涯”是對此原因的準(zhǔn)確概括。11.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“jobmarketbecomesincreasinglycompetitiveandtechnologyrapidlyevolves”，競爭激烈意味著挑戰(zhàn)大、難度高。選項B“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的”符合此語境。12.B解析思路：文章最后一句提到，“growingavailabilityofdigitalresourcesandtherecognitionofitsimportancebyemployersandpolicymakersarefosteringamorelearning-orientedcultureglobally”（數(shù)字資源的日益豐富以及雇主和政策制定者對其重要性的認(rèn)識正在促進全球?qū)W習(xí)導(dǎo)向文化的形成）。這暗示了技術(shù)將越來越多地支持終身學(xué)習(xí)。13.C解析思路：文章第一段明確指出，“Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateamongexpertsandthepublicalike.Proponentshighlightitspotential...However,criticsraisevalidconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofhumanjobs,theethicalimplicationsofautomateddecision-making,andtheriskoftechnologymisuse.ThepossibilityofAIdevelopinguncontrollablebiases...isalsoasignificantworry.”其中多次提及“humanactivities”和“greenhousegasesreleasedbyhumanactivities”是氣候變化的起因。14.C解析思路：根據(jù)第一段，“ThepossibilityofAIdevelopinguncontrollablebiases,inadvertentlyreinforcingsocietalinequalities,andtheriskoftechnologymisuseisalsoasignificantworry.”其中“inadvertentlyreinforcingsocietalinequalities”意味著無意中加劇了社會不平等。15.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，“Risingsealevelsthreatencoastalcommunitiesandecosystems,extremeweatherevents...becomemorefrequentandintense,andentireecosystemsstruggletoadapt.Agriculturefacessignificantdisruption,waterresourcesbecomescarcer,andthedisplacementofpopulationsduetoenvironmentalfactorsposessocialandhumanitarianchallenges.”這些都是氣候變化的直接后果。選項C“由于環(huán)境因素導(dǎo)致的人口流離失所和農(nóng)業(yè)面臨嚴(yán)重干擾”涵蓋了文中提到的影響。16.C解析思路：“Formidable”意為巨大的、令人敬畏的、艱巨的。結(jié)合第一句“Theconceptoflifelonglearninghasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasthejobmarketbecomesincreasinglycompetitiveandtechnologyrapidlyevolves.”以及全文討論的挑戰(zhàn)，可知作者認(rèn)為終身學(xué)習(xí)是一個重要且困難的問題。選項C“嚴(yán)重且難以應(yīng)對的”最符合此語境。第二部分詞匯與語法17.A解析思路：句子主語是“theteam”，謂語是“managed”，表示團隊的行為?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€副詞來修飾“managed”。選項A“successfully”（成功地）符合語法和語義，意為團隊成功地完成了項目。18.A解析思路：空格后是名詞短語“incomeinequality”，空格處需要填入一個動詞來修飾名詞。此處需要一個及物動詞的原形，與“aimsto”搭配，表示政策的目標(biāo)是做某事。選項A“decrease”（減少）符合搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。19.C解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為"IfI+[虛擬語氣條件句],Iwould+[主句]”。在if從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)時，動詞用“were”形式。故“were”是正確形式。20.A解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“Onlyby+狀語,主句”。當(dāng)狀語位于句首表示否定或限制時，主句需使用倒裝。去掉“by”后，主句應(yīng)為“youcanhopetoimprove”?？崭裉幮枰獎釉~原形“improve”來構(gòu)成此意。21.A解析思路：空格處需要填入一個名詞作賓語，與動詞“reach”搭配?！皉eachaconclusion”是固定搭配，意為“達成結(jié)論”。選項A“conclusion”（結(jié)論）符合語法和語義。22.C解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“itisgenerallyagreedthat...isessentialfor...”。介詞“for”后需要名詞形式。選項C“health”（健康）是名詞，意為身體健康的總體狀態(tài)。23.A解析思路：空格處需要填入一個形容詞作定語修飾名詞“efforts”。選項A“diligent”（勤奮的）符合語法和語義，意為“勤奮的努力”。24.A解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“Thebookprovidesaninsightful+名詞into...”。選項A“analysis”（分析）是名詞，與“into”搭配，意為“對...的分析”。其他選項形式錯誤或搭配不當(dāng)。25.B解析思路：主語是“Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher”，這是一個并列主語，其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)與靠近的主語保持一致?？拷闹髡Z是“teacher”，是單數(shù)，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式“is”。選項B“is”符合主謂一致原則。26.C解析思路：根據(jù)句意，“Mysister”已經(jīng)去了圖書館，且動作已經(jīng)完成，且可能不會回來。應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時。“hasgone”表示已經(jīng)去了某地，可能還在那里或即將回來；而“hasbeen”表示去過某地，強調(diào)經(jīng)歷。此處表示她已經(jīng)離開，用“hasgone”更合適。27.A解析思路：動詞“askedmetoprepare”表明要求準(zhǔn)備一份關(guān)于...的報告?！皉egarding”意為“關(guān)于，關(guān)于”，常用于正式語境，后面跟名詞或名詞短語，符合此處語境。28.C解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“Thisisthe+形容詞最高級+mountainIhaveeverclimbed”。比較級“higher”和最高級“highest”之間是遞進關(guān)系，這里強調(diào)是“最高”的山。選項C“highest”（最高的）符合句意和語法。29.C解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“Unlessyou+[動詞原形],youwill...”?！癠nless”引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主語是“you”，謂語動詞用原形。選項C“be”（小心）是動詞原形，符合語法。30.B解析思路：句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“Sheisinterestedin+[動名詞]about...”。動詞“isinterestedin”后通常跟名詞或動名詞。選項B“l(fā)earning”（學(xué)習(xí)）是動名詞，符合此處結(jié)構(gòu)。第三部分翻譯隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，在線教育已成為許多人提升技能和知識的重要途徑。它打破了傳統(tǒng)教育在時間和空間上的限制，讓學(xué)習(xí)者可以隨時隨地接入豐富的學(xué)習(xí)資源。從專業(yè)課程到興趣培養(yǎng)，在線教育平臺提供了多樣化的選擇。然而，它也帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)，比如如何保證學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量、如何維持學(xué)習(xí)者的動力和專注度，以及如何彌合數(shù)字鴻溝，讓更多人平等地享受在線教育帶來的便利。因此，推動在線教育的健康發(fā)展，需要平臺、教育者和學(xué)習(xí)者共同努力，不斷創(chuàng)新和優(yōu)化。第四部分寫作(以下為寫作范文示例，僅供參考，非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案)Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldinvestmoremoneyinpublictransportationsystemsthaninroadsforprivatevehicles.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisview?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Incontemporarysociety,theallocationofgovernmentfundsbetweenpublictransportationandroadinfrastructureforprivatevehicleshasbecomeasubjectofintensedebate.Whilebotharecrucialforurbanmobility,Ifirmlyagreethatprioritizinginvestmentinpublictransportationsystemsismorebeneficialinthelongrunforsustainabledevelopment,environmentalprotection,andsocialequity.Firstly,investinginpublictransportationencouragessustainableurbanlivingandcombatsenvironmentalpollution.Theconstructionandimprovementofsubways,buses,andlightrailsystemssignificantlyreducetherelianceonprivatecars.Consequently,thisleadstolowergreenhousegasemissions,reducedairpollution,andlesstrafficcongestion.Forinstance,citieslikeCopenhagenandAmsterdam,whichhaveheavilyinvestedincyclinginfrastructureandefficientpublictransit,enjoycleanerairandlowercarbonfootp