八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)練習(xí)一、詞匯與短語(yǔ)運(yùn)用（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理八年級(jí)上冊(cè)詞匯圍繞“旅行經(jīng)歷”“人物比較”“未來(lái)生活”等主題展開(kāi)，需重點(diǎn)掌握動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配（如`goonvacation`、`feellikedoing`、`decidetodo`）、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（如`difference`→`different`→`differently`）、易混詞辨析（如`toomany/toomuch/muchtoo`、`somewhere/anywhere`）。（二）針對(duì)性練習(xí)1.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(1)She______(feel)like______(eat)somefruitafterdinner.(2)The______(different)betweenthetwocarsisverybig.(3)Hehas______(little)moneythanme,butheishappier.2.短語(yǔ)辨析填空從`goonvacation`、`takephotos`、`tryto`、`becauseof`中選短語(yǔ)填空（注意形式變化）：(1)We______tothemountainslastsummer.(2)Hedidn'tgotoschool______hisillness.(3)Please______thesebeautifulflowers.(4)I______finishmyhomeworkbefore9o'clock.（三）答案與解析1.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)`felt;eating`（`feellikedoingsth.`表“想要做某事”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；(2)`difference`（定冠詞`the`后接名詞，`different`的名詞形式為`difference`）；(3)`less`（`than`提示用比較級(jí)，`little`的比較級(jí)為`less`）。2.短語(yǔ)辨析：(1)`wentonvacation`（“去度假”，結(jié)合`lastsummer`用過(guò)去式）；(2)`becauseof`（后接名詞短語(yǔ)表原因，區(qū)別于`because`接句子）；(3)`takephotosof`（“給……拍照”，祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形）；(4)`tryto`（“盡力做某事”，后接動(dòng)詞原形）。二、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精練（一）一般過(guò)去時(shí)（Unit1）知識(shí)點(diǎn)：描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)，時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞如`yesterday`、`lastweek`、`twodaysago`；結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式”（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加`ed`，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需記憶：`go→went`、`do→did`、`have→had`等）。練習(xí)題：1.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(1)I______(go)tothebeachwithmyfamilylastweekend.(2)She______(notdo)herhomeworkyesterdayevening.(3)______you______(see)amovielastnight?2.翻譯句子：(1)我昨天早上吃了一個(gè)雞蛋。(2)他們上周沒(méi)有去爬山。答案與解析：1.動(dòng)詞填空：(1)`went`（`go`的過(guò)去式為`went`）；(2)`didn'tdo`（一般過(guò)去時(shí)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：`didn't+動(dòng)詞原形`）；(3)`Did;see`（一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句：`Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形`）。2.翻譯：(1)`Iateaneggyesterdaymorning.`（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，`eat`的過(guò)去式為`ate`）；(2)`Theydidn'tgoclimbinglastweek.`（“去爬山”為`goclimbing`，否定結(jié)構(gòu)加`didn't`）。（二）形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)（Unit3/4）知識(shí)點(diǎn)：規(guī)則變化：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞（如`tall`）比較級(jí)加`er`、最高級(jí)加`est`；多音節(jié)詞（如`interesting`）比較級(jí)加`more`、最高級(jí)加`most`。不規(guī)則變化：`good/well→better→best`、`bad→worse→worst`、`many/much→more→most`。用法：比較級(jí)用于兩者比較（`A+be+比較級(jí)+than+B`）；最高級(jí)用于三者及以上比較（`A+be+the+最高級(jí)+in/of+范圍`）。練習(xí)題：1.寫(xiě)出下列詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：(1)`tall`→______→______(2)`interesting`→______→______(3)`bad`→______→______2.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(1)Tomis______(tall)thanhisbrother.(2)Thisis______(good)movieIhaveeverseen.(3)Sheruns______(fast)thanme,butIjump______(high)thanher.(4)Theweathertodayisnotas______(hot)asitwasyesterday.答案與解析：1.詞形變化：(1)`taller;tallest`（單音節(jié)詞規(guī)則變化）；(2)`moreinteresting;mostinteresting`（多音節(jié)詞加`more/most`）；(3)`worse;worst`（不規(guī)則變化）。2.填空：(1)`taller`（`than`提示用比較級(jí)）；(2)`thebest`（`everseen`提示最高級(jí)，需加`the`）；(3)`faster;higher`（`than`提示比較級(jí)，`fast/high`為單音節(jié)詞）；(4)`hot`（`as...as`中間用原級(jí)）。（三）條件狀語(yǔ)從句（Unit10）知識(shí)點(diǎn)：`if`引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”：主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)（`will+動(dòng)詞原形`），從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（描述假設(shè)的條件）。練習(xí)題：1.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(2)They______(have)apartyifthey______(be)freenextweek.2.翻譯句子：如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)取得好成績(jī)。答案與解析：1.動(dòng)詞填空：(2)`willhave;are`（同上，`they`為復(fù)數(shù)，`be`動(dòng)詞用`are`）。2.翻譯：`Ifyoustudyhard,youwillgetgoodgrades.`（“努力學(xué)習(xí)”為`studyhard`，“取得好成績(jī)”為`getgoodgrades`）。三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換與翻譯（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理需掌握特殊疑問(wèn)句（對(duì)地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因等提問(wèn)）、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（如`Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?`）、漢譯英技巧（注意時(shí)態(tài)、固定搭配）。（二）針對(duì)性練習(xí)1.特殊疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)（劃線部分用`[]`標(biāo)出）(1)Iwentto[Beijing]onvacation.→____________you______onvacation?(2)Shedidherhomework[fortwohours]yesterday.→____________didshedoherhomeworkyesterday?(3)Heislateforschool[becausehegetsuplate].→____________helateforschool?2.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)IthinkEnglishismoreinterestingthanmath.→I______thinkmathis______interesting______English.(2)Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.→Theboxis______heavy______Ican'tcarryit.3.漢譯英：(1)你覺(jué)得這部電影怎么樣？(2)他跑得和我一樣快。(3)如果明天不下雨，我們就去野餐。（三）答案與解析1.特殊疑問(wèn)句：(1)`Wheredid;go`（對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)用`where`，一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；(2)`Howlong`（對(duì)時(shí)間段提問(wèn)用`howlong`）；(3)`Whyis`（對(duì)原因提問(wèn)用`why`，主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）。2.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)`don't;as/so;as`（否定轉(zhuǎn)移，原句表“英語(yǔ)比數(shù)學(xué)有趣”，同義為“我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不如英語(yǔ)有趣”）；(2)`so;that`（`too...to...`轉(zhuǎn)換為`so...that...not...`，表“如此……以至于……”）。3.漢譯英：(1)`Whatdoyouthinkofthismovie?/Howdoyoulikethismovie?`（兩種表達(dá)方式）；(2)`Herunsasfastasme.`（`as...as`中間用原級(jí)）；(3)`Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnic.`（“主將從現(xiàn)”，否定句在從句加`doesn't`）。四、閱讀理解與寫(xiě)作拓展（一）閱讀理解技巧細(xì)節(jié)題：找關(guān)鍵詞（如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件）定位原文；推理題：結(jié)合上下文推斷隱含意思；主旨題：抓首段/尾段的主題句。（二）閱讀理解示例閱讀短文，回答問(wèn)題：Lastsummer,IwenttoQingdaowithmyparents.Wewenttherebytrain.Qingdaoisabeautifulcitynearthesea.Wevisitedthebeachandswaminthesea.Wealsoatelotsofdeliciousseafood.Myfavoritefoodwasthefriedfish.Westayedthereforfivedays.IhadagreattimeandIhopetogothereagain.1.Wheredidthewritergolastsummer?2.Howdidtheygothere?3.WhatdidtheydoinQingdao?4.Howlongdidtheystaythere?（三）答案與解析1.`ThewriterwenttoQingdaolastsummer.`（細(xì)節(jié)題，定位“Lastsummer,IwenttoQingdao...”）；2.`Theywenttherebytrain.`（細(xì)節(jié)題，定位“Wewenttherebytrain.”）；3.`Theyvisitedthebeach,swamintheseaandatelotsofdeliciousseafood.`（細(xì)節(jié)題，整合“visitedthebeach...atelotsof...”）；4.`Theystayedthereforfivedays.`（細(xì)節(jié)題，定位“Westayedthereforfivedays.”）。（四）寫(xiě)作拓展（旅行經(jīng)歷）題目：AHappyTrip要求：用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，描述一次旅行（含時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、交通、活動(dòng)、感受），80詞左右。范文參考：AHappyTripLastsummervacation,IwenttoSanyawithmyfamily.Wetraveledtherebyplane.Sanyaisabeautifulcitywithblueseaandwhitebeaches.Wespentmostofthetimeonthebeach.Iswamintheseaandbuiltsandcastleswithmysister.Wealsotastedmanykindsoffruits,likecoconutsandmangoes.Thep