/專題03冠詞,代詞和介詞目錄目錄學考要求速覽必備知識梳理高頻考點精講進階分級練考點一不定冠詞的用法a＋輔音音素；an＋元音音素Inauniversity，aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkedalongaone-wayroadwithausefultool.Thisisausualthing.在一所大學里，一個歐洲人和一個一只眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。表示“一個”，與數(shù)詞one相同Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬非一日建成。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。表示某個不確定的人和物，相當于acertain、some，常意為“某一個，一個叫……的人”Inasense,bothwereright.在某種意義上，兩者都對。AMr.Whiteisaskingforyouonthephone.一個叫懷特的人打電話找你。表示“相同”，相當于thesameTheyarenearlyofaheight.他們幾乎一樣高。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚。表示“每一”，相當于per,用于表示時間、重量、長度等單位前800dollarsaton,threetimesaday,fouryuanadozen,90milesanhour,twiceaweek,60poundsakilometer用于固定詞組中awasteof浪費……；allofasudden突然地；asarule通常。IthitmeallofasuddenthatIhadforgottenherbirthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日給忘了。a＋most表示“很，非?！盬espentamostagreeabledaytogether.我們一起度過了非常愉快的一天?！癮(n)＋名詞”作表語，表職業(yè)Greyisasurgeon.格雷是一名外科醫(yī)生。Shebecamea(＝turned)violinistaftershegrewup.長大后，她成了一名小提琴家。用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種/一份/一陣/一場/一番”等意思Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughdays.在那些艱苦的日子里，能夠買得起一杯飲料是一種安慰。用于首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前Thereisabookonthedesk.桌子上有一本書。I'mgoingtobuyacomputer.我要買一臺電腦。用于quite、rather、many、half、what、such之后Heisquiteaseriousperson.他是個相當嚴肅的人。Manyamothertriestoactouttheirunrealizeddreamsthroughtheirdaughters.許多母親試圖通過女兒實現(xiàn)她們未能實現(xiàn)的夢想。Shelivesjusthalfamileaway.她就住在半英里之外。Whatashametheycan'tcome.他們不能來了，真是遺憾。Itissuchanamazinglegend！多令人驚訝的傳奇！用于“so/as/too/how/however＋形容詞”之后Heissocapablealeaderthatweallsupporthim.他是一位很有能力的領導，我們都支持他。Howlovingandgraciousamothersheis!她是個多和藹可親的媽媽！Howeverhotadayitis,hewon'ttakeoffhishat.不管天氣多熱，他都不摘下帽子。用于抽象名詞前，表示具體的人和物asuccess成功的人或事；ashame帶來恥辱的人或事；apity可惜或遺憾的事；amust必需、必備的事；agoodeducation良好的教育；agreathelp巨大的幫助；anhonour一種榮幸；apleasure一種樂趣用在可數(shù)名詞前泛指一類人或物Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是一種有用的動物。Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver,shouldbeequallyrespected.任何人，無論是官員還是公交車司機，都應該得到同等的尊重。具有動作意義的名詞在與have，take，make等構成短語表示一種短暫性的動作時，前面要加不定冠詞。takealook看一看；haveatry試一試。Youhadbettergotothefactoryandhavealook.你最好到廠里去看一看。考點二定冠詞的用法用于表示整個屬類的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類事物Thewhaleisamammal.鯨魚是一種哺乳動物。Theheartpumpsbloodaroundthebody.心臟把血液輸送到全身。用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?你知道是誰發(fā)明了電話嗎？表示說話雙方都了解的、上文提到過的人和事，或者是在表示特定的人和事物前Don'tworryifyoucan'tcometotheparty.I'llsavesomecakeforyou.你要是來不了派對，也別擔心。我會給你留些蛋糕的。Lilyhasapetdog.Thedogislovely.莉莉有只寵物狗。這條狗很可愛。用于表示西洋樂器、文娛場所前playthepiano(theguitar,theviolin,theflute,thedrum)gotothetheater(theconcert,thecinema,theparty)★用漢語拼音表示的樂器前不用冠詞：playerhu,playpipa用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人theyoung,theliving,theevil,thewounded,thelost用在復數(shù)的姓氏前表示一家人或夫婦二人TheWhitessettleddowninCanadalastyear.去年懷特一家在加拿大定居。用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞最高級前，在形容詞和副詞特定的比較級前He'dalwaysbethefirsttooffertohelp.他總是第一個主動提出幫忙。It'sthemostmarvellouspieceofmusic.這是最美妙的一篇樂章。★Doyouknowwhichstoryisthemoreinterestingofthetwo？你知道這兩個故事哪個更有趣嗎？用于國家、黨派、機構、公共建筑物、報紙、雜志、朝代、江河湖海、山川群島的名詞前theUnitedKingdom,theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedNations,theWTO,theSummerPalace,TheNewYorkTimes,theTangDynasty,theYangtzeRiver,theRedSea,theTaiwanStraits,theSaharaDesert用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedbytheChinese2，000yearsago.指南針是兩千年以前中國人發(fā)明的。在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代inthe1870s19世紀70年代用于表示計量的名詞前bytheyard(thepound,thekilo,theton)★byvolume(按體積),byweight(按重量)用于表示方位、方向的名詞前intheeast(thewest,thenorth,thesouth)keeptotheright,turntotheleft,inthemiddle用于抓、打人體某個部位的名詞前，常見的此類動詞有take、catch、hold、seize、pull、hit、pat、lead、strike等等。常用的介詞有in、on、by等等take(catch,seize)sb.bythearm(thehair,thehand)pat(hit,strike)sb.intheface(theeye,thestomach)leadsb.bythenose用于某些固定的短語中attheageof,atthefootof,bytheendof,intheday,tellthetruth,atthebeginningof,atthetopof,bytheway,atthesametime,intheend,onthecontrary,tothepoint,theotherday,ontheradio考點三零冠詞的用法不可數(shù)名詞、復數(shù)名詞表泛指Teachersarebadlyneededintheremotedistricts.偏遠地區(qū)非常需要教師。稱呼語及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務的名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時，不加冠詞。Dr.PeterSpence，headmasteroftheschool，toldus，＂AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.＂這所學校的校長PeterSpence博士告訴我們，這里五分之一的學生將繼續(xù)到牛津或劍橋大學深造。月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲前；三餐、球類、慣用語前；學科、棋類名詞前Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring，summer，autumnandwinter.一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。no與such連用時應放在such之前，such后的名詞不用冠詞。Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.天下沒有免費的午餐?！疽谆焯崾尽?.在turn(變成)作表語的名詞前不用冠詞，但become后的可數(shù)名詞作表語時前要加冠詞。Hebecameadoctorwhilehisbrotherturnedteacher.他成了一名醫(yī)生而他弟弟當了教師。2.不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a.位于下列形容詞之后：such，what，many，half，Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as,so,too,how,however,enough修飾時，不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.c.quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當rather，quite前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quitealotd.在as，though引導的讓步狀語從句中，當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時，不定冠詞放形容詞后：Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時，不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。3.定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等詞之后，名詞之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學生都出去了?？键c四代詞的分類人稱代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you(你們),they賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you(你們),them物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名詞性物主代詞mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever關系代詞/連接代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代詞one,some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either相互代詞eachother,oneanother考點五幾組不定代詞的用法區(qū)別some和anysome可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議、請求等Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee？some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示“某個”，any表示“任何一個”Go,andsaysomepersonfromNewYorkdesirestoseeher.Anycolourwilldo.some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句Heofferedsomeusefuladvice.Doyouhaveanysuggestions?I'mnotmakinganypromises.each和everyeach強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上；而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上Each(ofus)hasourowncar.＝Weeachhaveourowncar.Everystudentiscapableofpassingtheexam./Everyoneofusiscapableofpassingtheexam.none和nonone作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)形式皆可；no等于notany，作定語—Howmuchbreadisthereinthekitchen?—None.Noneofthepassengerswas/wereinjured.Shehasnomoneycominginandnofunds.other、theother和anotherother泛指“另外的，別的”，常與其他詞連用，如：everyotherweek、theotherday、nootherway;theother特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為theothersHehasdoctor'sappointmentjustaboutevery__otherweek.Hecrashedintoacarcomingthe__otherway.Heraisedonearmandthenthe__other.Canyoustaybehindafterthe__othershavegoneandhelpmeclearup？another指“又一個，另一個”，無特定所指，復數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”Hegavethebellanotherpress.Anumberoffeaturesdiscriminatethisspeciesfromothers(＝otherspecies).either和neithereither指“兩者(中任何一方)都”；neither指“兩者(中任何一方)都不”Youcanparkoneithersideoftheroad.Neitherofushaseverskied.考點六one,theone,that,it代詞用法所替代的名詞的單復數(shù)one替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同類”人或事物的一個，表示泛指必須是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示復數(shù)時用onestheone替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同類”人或事物的一個，表示特指必須是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示復數(shù)用theonesthat替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同類”人或事物的一個，表示特指，其后常跟介詞短語作后置定語可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞表示復數(shù)時用thoseit替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同一”事物可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞表示復數(shù)用they考點七it的?？加梅ㄐ问匠Ｓ镁湫蚷t作形式主語①It+be+adj.+(forsb./ofsb.)todosth.②It+be+n.+(forsb./sth.)todosth.③Ittakes/tooksb.+一段時間+todosth.做某事花費某人多長時間。④Itisuseless/nouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事沒用。⑤Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜……⑥Itisnowonderthat...難怪……⑦Itisobvious/clear/evidentthat...顯然……⑧Itissaid/reported/believedthat...據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/人們相信……it作形式主語相關短語和句型①Makeit成功,做到②Takeiteasy.別緊張。③Don’tmentionit.不客氣。④assb.putsit正如某人所說⑤believeitornot信不信由你⑥takeitforgrantedthat...認為……是理所當然的⑦Whenitcomesto...當涉及/談及……(to為介詞)⑧Itis/was...that/who...強調(diào)句型考點八介詞表示方位的介詞across指從較為平坦的表面穿過。through指從立體的事物中間穿過。to指到某處,去某處。under在……下面,無接觸面。in在……里面。into到……里面。over在……正上方無接觸面；on在……上面有接觸面。around在/向……周圍。beneath在……下面有接觸面。beside在……旁邊。outof在……外面。from從……。beyond在/向……較遠的一邊,超出。表示時間的介詞on指在具體的某一天。in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀等大時間之前,或者指上/下午或晚上。at用在幾點鐘或night/noon之前。in也可用在表示一段時間的詞之前,表示“多久之后”。before在……之前。until直到……時候。during在……期間。for表示延續(xù)一段時間。over表示“在……期間”,表延續(xù)。表示工具、手段、方式的介詞by,on,over,with,in表示原因的介詞for表示原因,后面可以加名詞(詞組)或句子。at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后,后面加名詞(詞組)。with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陳述句,加名詞(短語)/名詞性從句。表示支持、反對的介詞For,against其他常用介詞besides,except,but,without,beyond,about考點九介詞短語介詞和動詞搭配callfor需要；要求 passby經(jīng)過payfor為……付款 figureout弄清楚applyfor申請 dreamof夢想searchfor尋找，搜索 referto提及；參考beginwith以……開始contributeto貢獻；有助于；促成playwith同……一起玩；玩弄 laughat嘲笑careabout關心；介意 focuson集中于feellike想要 charge...for...索費holdup舉起exchange...for...用……來交換……relyon依靠 gobackto追溯到介詞與名詞構成的搭配①at開頭的介詞短語ataloss不知所措 atthecostof以……的代價atpeace處于和平狀態(tài) attheriskof冒……的危險atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)atthemercyof在……支配下；由……擺布atthesametime同時②on開頭的介詞短語onexhibition/show在展出 onaccountof因為onfire著火 onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售，打折 onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假③by開頭的介詞短語byaccident偶然地 byhand手工bymistake錯誤地 bychance偶然bytheday按天算 bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地④in開頭的介詞短語incash用現(xiàn)金付款 inchargeof掌管……indepth在深度上 inreturn作為回報indetail詳細地 indanger(of)在危險中，垂危inheight在高度上 inspiteof盡管inlength在長度上 inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成 innotime立刻incaseof萬一；如果；假使innoway決不insupportof為支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpossessionof擁有，占有inmemoryof為了紀念……inadditionto另外inthemiddleof在……中間⑤of+n.表示特征(等于相應的形容詞)ofbenefit有益處的 ofsignificance有意義的ofhelp有幫助的 ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的 ofvalue有價值的⑥outof+n.表示狀態(tài)outofbalance失去平衡 outoforder發(fā)生故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣 outofsight看不見outofcontrol失去控制 outofthequestion不可能outofdate過期 outofwork失業(yè)⑦under+n.表示被動underattack遭到襲擊 undertreatment在治療中underpressure在壓力下 undercontrol處于控制之中⑧with+n.表示方式withdelight/joy高興地 withfear害怕地withdifficulty困難地 withpleasure樂意地withease輕而易舉地⑨beyond+n.表示“超出……，難以……”beyondcompare無與倫比beyonddescription難以描述beyondreach夠不到beyondexpression/words難以表達介詞和形容詞,過去分詞搭配(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout憂慮becuriousabout對……好奇(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat對……生氣begoodat擅長(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin專注于bedressedin穿著beengagedin忙于(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望befamousfor以……著名befitfor適合，勝任(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近beequalto等于befamiliarto對……來說熟悉(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意識到befondof喜歡(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于befamiliarwith對……熟悉bepatientwith對……有耐心考點一：不定冠詞例1.Ourteamtriedhardandas________result,wewonthegame.例2.Momoftentellsme________appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.A.a B.an C.不填 D.the例3.NowadaystheInternetplays________veryimportantroleinourdailylife.A.a B.an C.the D.\1.-MayIhave________lookatthenewskirtyouboughtyesterday?-Ofcourse.A.a B.an C.the D./2.Iamgoingtomake________specialhouseformypetpigthisweekend.A.an B.a C.the3.Amyonlyhadeggandsomemilkforbreakfasttoday.A.a B.an C.the D.不填4.LiHuahas________goodknowledgeofmanyforeignlanguages,andoneofthemisEnglishwhichis________languagespokenbymanypeopleintheworld.A.the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the5.HanHongis________kindsingerandshedoesalottohelpthepoor.A.a B.an C.the D./考點二：定冠詞例1.Iwas________onlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.例2.InnerMongoliaisoneof________mostbeautifulplacesin________China.A.the;the B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/例3.—Whatdoyouthinkof________Christmasparty?—Itwasgreat.A.a B.the C.不填 D.an1.Afterfinishingherhomework,Sherryplayed________pianoforhalfanhour.A.不填 B.an C.a D.the2.China’sChang’e4landedonthefarsideof________moonsuccessfully.A.the B.a C.an D.不填3.—Whois________girlinred?—SheisMr.Smith'sdaughter.A.an B.the C.a D.不填4.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistsandTuYouyouwasamong________firstresearcherschosen.5.Withtheexamaround________corner,we’reburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforit.考點三：零冠詞例1.Keepin________mindthatpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsastowhattheartistislike,sotheyshouldfeelfreetodiscuss.A.the B.an C.a D./例2.Ifyouwanttogetanywherein________chess,youhavetostudythevariousopenings.A.an B.the C./ D.a例3.At________night,wecanseethesplendidJourneyofLightsParade.A.a B.the C.an D./1.Thetwocultureshavealotin________common.A.a B./ C.the D.an2.Sheoftenplays________chessonweekends.A.an B.a C.the D./3.________Time/timeismoney.A.The B.An C./ D.A4.PhilipBeadleisateacher,speaker,and________educationaladviserintheUK.A.a B.an C.the D./5.—Whatwereyoudoingat2o'clockyesterdayafternoon?—Iwasplaying________football.A.a B.the C.an D./考點四：代詞分類例1.—Can________drive?—Yes,Ican.Iusuallydrivetowork.A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself例2.Hesoonrecovered(恢復)________(he)andstoppedcrying.例3.Ontheirarrival,theyfoundLuo’sparentseagerlywaitingfor________(they).1.Heamazed________allwithhiskindnessandhisbeautiful,gentle,caringspirit.A.our B.we C.us D.ours2.Mr.Wangisoverthere.Whynotgoandsayhelloto________?A.he B.him C.it D.its3.—Whosecameraisthis?Isit________?—No,it’snotmine.It’s________.A.you;him B.yours;him C.yours;his D.you;his4.Jackwantedtolearntoplaythepianoby________afteraliveconcert.A.him B.his C.he D.himself5.Thelonelyboyoftenplaysfootballwith________.A.he B.his C.him D.himself考點五：不定代詞例1.Therearetwotreesinmybackyard.OneisaChinesedatetree.________isalsoaChinesedatetree.A.Theother B.Other C.Another例2.Therearesometalltreeson________sideofthestreet.Soyouwillfeelcool.A.both B.all C.neither D.either例3.—CanIcometodayortomorrow?—________isOK.I’mbusytodayandtomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None1.Myunclepromisedtobuyanicegiftformybirthday,________beyondmyimagination.A.which B.that C.something D.theone2.Beijingisreallyawonderfulcityandwe’vedecidedtostayfor_________week.A.any B.other C.another D.some3.Ihavedonemostofthehousework.Wouldyoupleasefinish________?A.theother B.theothers C.therest D.another4.Thetwosistersweresobusylastnightthat________ofthemhadtimetolookafterthebaby.A.either B.neither C.any D.none5.IinvitedTom,JackandLucytodinner,but________ofthemcame.A.none B.either C.neither D.both考點六：指示代詞例1.Dadtoldusthepriceherewasmuchlowerthan________inLondon.A.it B.that C.this D.one例2.Thegoods________ontheInternetarecheaperthan________webuyinshops.A.beingbought;that B.bought;thoseC.bought;that D.bebought;those例3.Themachinesmadeinourfactoryareasgoodas________madeinJapan.A.that B.ones C.them D.those1.—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________.A.it B.that C.one D.this2.Ireallywanttogotoaplaceforthesummervacation,especially________withbeautifulsceneryanduniqueculture.A.that B.this C.one D.it3.Tohelpusbetterunderstandliteraryworks,ourteachercomparedthewritingstyleofMarkTwainwith________ofLinYutang.A.those B.that C.ones D.One4.Intheeraofartificialintelligence,thecapabilitiesofmodernrobotsarefarmoreadvancedthan________ofthefirst-generationindustrialmachines.A.that B.ones C.one D.those5.—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________.A.it B.that C.this D.one考點七：it的用法例1.Communicatingthroughascreenmakes________moredifficultforchildrentoconcentrate.例2.________ismydutytodosomethingforstudentsinpoorareas.例3.Ithought________strangethatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove.1.—Mum,whereismyfootball?Haveyouseen________?—Football?Oh,it’sinmycar.A.one B.them C.it D.any2.________wasdifficultforthemtotaketimeofftocelebratethefestival.A.It B.That C.This D.What3.________isreallyeasytogetlostamongthetwistingandturningHutongsnearthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.A.It B.That C.This D.What4.________isgenerallyagreedthatnoonecanlearnalltheknowledgeallhislife.A.What B.As C.Which D.It考點八：介詞和介詞短語例1.XuYiwaslearningEnglish________anexchangestudentintheUK.例2.Whynotgoandborrowsomemoney________her?例3.Thereisnobetterwaytoseewhatyouarecapable________.1.Ialsoplaycomputergamesfromtime________timeandIevenplaytennisonmytelevisionscreeninmylivingroom!2.Hefrozein________(amaze)atthepoeticlandscape.3.WhenthegameendedourcoachhitPaul________theshoulder,saying,“you’vejustearnedyourplaceontheteam,bigguy!”4.Formorethan50years,hehasdevotedhislife________riceproduction.5.Thenovelismadeup________tenstories.訓練一、單項選擇1.Wethought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtogiveusalectureonhowtolearnEnglish.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him2.Peoplefelt________impossibleformantoflyintoouterspacesomeyearsago.A.that B.what C.it D.this3.I’dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethiscomputer.A.that B.thisC.you D.it4.Themachinesmadeinourfactoryareasgoodas________madeinJapan.A.that B.ones C.them D.those5.IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but________ofthemcame.A.neither B.either C.none D.both6.Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,________thathadthebestcolor.A.不填 B.ones C.this D.theones7.Thestreetisbeautiful,fortherearetreeson________.A.neitherside B.eithersideC.bothside D.allsides8.TheYangtzeRiver,China’slongest,hasbeenaffectedbyaseveredrought,________thelowestlevelofrainfallthisyearsince1961.A.with B.for C.beyond D.besides9.________thecost,theprojectwilltakealotoftimeaswell.A.Otherthan B.Exceptfor C.Inaddition D.Apartfrom10.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside________youngermen.A.intermsof B.inneedof C.infavorof D.inpraiseof二、單句語法填空1.________isimportanttoprotectourenvironment.2.Ihopetohave________happier,morefruitfulandsatisfyinglifeinmynewschool.3.Heisin________possessionofthatbeautifulgardenandtheshopisin________possessionofhisbrother.4.By________nature,youareanadventurer,fullofamazementandcuriosityabout________worldbiggerthanlifeitself.5.Emilyfeltcompletelyat________losswhen________wordcamethathersonfinallylefthome.一、閱讀理解AImaginepickingupanicejuicyapple—butinsteadofbitingintoit,youkeeptheseedsandthrowtherestaway.That’swhatchocolateproducershavetraditionallydonewiththecocoafruit—usedthebeansandthrewawaytherest.Traditionalchocolateproduction,usingonlythebeans,involvesleavingtherestofthecocoafruit—thesizeofapumpkinandfullofnutritiousvalue—torotinthefields.ButnowfoodscientistsinSwitzerlandhavecomeupwithawaytomakechocolateusingtheentirecocoafruitandwithoutusingsugar.Thechocolate,developedbyscientistKimMishraandhisteam,includesthecocoafruit,thejuice,andtheshell.Thekeytothenewchocolateliesintheverysweetjuice,whichtastesabitlikepineapple.Thisjuice,whichis14%sugar,ismadetoformahighlyconcentratedsyrup(高濃度糖漿).RogerWehrli,directoroftheassociationofSwisschocolateproducers,seesthenewchocolateas“verypromising...Ifyouusethewholecocoafruit,youcangetbetterprices.Soit’seconomicallyinterestingforthefarmers.”Foodproductioninvolveslettingoutsignificantgreenhousegas,soreducingfoodwastecouldalsohelptodealwithclimatechange.Chocolate,maynotbyitselfbeahugefactor,butitcouldbeastart.InSwitzerland,someofthebiggerproducersarestartingtousethecocoafruitaswellasthebeans,butnone,sofar,hastakenthestepofnotusingextrasugarcompletely.“Wehavetofindbravechocolateproducerswhowanttotestthemarket,”saysMr.Mishra.1.Whichofthefollowingisthenewwayofdealingwithcocoa?A.Onlyusingtheseeds. B.Onlyusingtheleaves.C.Usingtheentireplant. D.Usingtheentirefruit.2.Wheredoesthesugarofthenewchocolatecomesfrom?A.apple B.pineapple C.thejuice D.theshell3.IntheopinionofRoger,whowillbemostsatisfiedwiththenewchocolate?A.thefarmers B.thescientists C.theproducers D.thebuyers4.Inwhichaspectwillthenewchocolateleadthewayinfoodproduction?A.Gettingbetterprice. B.Protectingtheenvironment.C.Testingthemarket. D.Addingsomeextrasugar.B(2024-2025學年安徽師范大學附屬中學高中自主招生考試英語)Jimwasayoungmaninhisearlytwentieswhowasstudyingtobeacarpenter.Hewasagoodworker,honestandworthyoftrust,sohisbosswaspleasedwithhim.Ashewassuchalikablemanandeasytodealwith,hewaspopularwithhisworkmates,too.Theyalsomadefunofhimagreatdealbuthenevergotangrywiththemandwouldonlylaugh.ButJim’sonegreatshortcoming(缺點)wasthathecouldnevertellalie,nomatterhowhardhetried,notevenalittleone.Infact,hewassohonestandshythathewouldblushevenwhenhewastellingthetruth.Heusedtostandinfrontofthemirrorandpractiselyingwhilelookinghimselfintheeyesatthesametime.Butassoonashesawhisfacestartingtogoredhehadtolookaway.Onemorning,however,hedidn’tfeellikegoingtoworkbecausehehadbeentoapartythenightbeforeandithadn’tendedtilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Andsofarthefirsttimeinhislifehedecidedtotakethedayoff.Heranghisboss,pretendingtobeawoman.“I’mafraidJimcan’tcometoworktoday.Heisn’tfeelingverywell.”PoorJimwasthankfulthathisbosscouldn’tseehimjustatthatmomentbecausehishandsweretrembling(發(fā)抖)andhisfacewasbrightred.“Thankyouforlettingmeknow,”saidMr.Woods,hisboss,andthenjustashewasabouttohangup,hesaid,“justamoment,madam,who’sspeaking.”“Oh!”hestammered(口吃的說),andgoingalloutformakingavoicelikeawoman,hecriedinavoice:“Thisismymotherspeaking!”5.WhatdoweknowaboutJim?A.Hetrustedpeopleeasily.B.Hegotalongwellwithpeople.C.Hewasonlypopularwithhisboss.D.Helikedtomakefunofhisworkmates.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blush”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Stammer. B.Lookaway C.Gored. D.Feelcold7.WhydidJimtrytopractiselying?A.Toavoidbeinglaughedatbyhisworkmates.B.Toovercomehisshortcoming.C.Togethisbosspleasedwithhim.D.Togetreadyforgettingadayoff.8.Attheendofthestorywecanlearnthat________.A.Jimsuccessfullytoldalie. B.Jim’smothertoldalie.C.Jim’sbosscouldtellthatJimlied D.JimhadawomaninhishouseCInabreakthroughthatcouldrevolutionizeenergytransmissionandcomputing,scientistsannouncedthedevelopmentoftheworld’sfirstroom-temperaturesuperconductor.Thisachievementpromisestoeliminateelectricalresistanceentirely,makingpowergrids(電網(wǎng))100%efficientandenablingquantum(量子)computerstooperateatscale.Superconductivity,theabilitytoconductelectricitywithzeroresistance,wasfirstobservedin1911.However,allknownsuperconductorsrequiredextremelylowtemperaturesorhighpressurestofunction,limitingtheirpracticaluse.Thenewmaterial,acompoundofhydrogen,sulfur,andcarbon,achievessuperconductivityatamild21℃andambient(環(huán)境的)pressure,anachievementoncethoughtimpossible.Theimplicationsareprofound.Forenergysystems,room-temperaturesuperconductorscoulddrasticallyreduceglobalenergywaste.Currently,upto10%ofelectricityislostasheatduringtransmission.Withsuperconductors,thislosswoulddisappear,loweringenergydemandandcarbonemissions.Incomputing,thematerialcouldsolveamajorbottleneckinquantumcomputing:decoherence(退相干).Quantumbitslosetheirstaterapidlyatroomtemperature,butsuperconductorscouldstabilizethem,leadingtomuchfasterquantumcomputers.Theresearchteamspentfiveyearsexperimentingwithdifferentcompositions.Theyusedahigh-pressurediamondanvilcelltosynthesize(合成)thecompound,thengraduallyreducedthepressure.Totheirsurprise,thematerialmaintaineditssuperconductingcapabilitiesatnormalatmosphericpressure.“Thischangeseverything,”saidleadresearcherDr.ElenaRodriguez.“Superconductivitycannowbeintegratedintoeverydaytechnology.”Despitetheexcitement,challengesremain.Thenewmaterialiscurrentlyonlyproducedinsmall,fragilesamples,andscalingupproductionwillrequirefurtherinnovation.Additionally,thecompoundcontainshighlyreactivehydrogen,posingstabilitychallenges.Researchersareworkingonmodifyingthematerial’sstructuretoaddresstheseissues,aimingtocommercializeitwithinadecade.Asthescientificcommunitybuildsonthisdiscovery,theworldwatchesclosely.Aroom-temperaturesuperconductorisnotjustascientificachievement—itisagatewaytoamoreefficient,sustainablefuture.9.Whatisthemainadvantageofthenewsuperconductor?A.Itcanoperateinnormalconditions.B.Itismadeofmorecommonelements.C.Itisthefirstsuperconductoreverdiscovered.D.Itcanconductelectricitywithzeroresistance.10.Howcanthenewsuperconductorbenefittheenvironment?A.Byreducingtheneedforquantumcomputers.B.Bymakingfossilfuelpowerplantsoutofdate.C.Byreducingenergywasteandcarbonemissions.D.Byenablingmoreefficientrecyclingofmaterials.11.Whatwasakeystepintheresearch?A.Usinganewapproachtocreatethecompound.B.Replacinghydrogenwithamorestableelement.C.Coolingthematerialatextremelylowtemperatures.D.Developingacost-efficienttypeofquantumcomputer.1