專題13閱讀理解(二)(體裁突破)目目錄學(xué)考要求速覽必備知識(shí)梳理高頻考點(diǎn)精講進(jìn)階分級(jí)練考點(diǎn)一應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文體裁包括：廣告(分商業(yè)廣告和公益廣告)、啟事、書影評(píng)、傳單海報(bào)、說(shuō)明書和備忘錄。其中，廣告、啟事和書影評(píng)出現(xiàn)頻率最高?？疾轭}型除細(xì)節(jié)題外，主要有：“purpose”類、“mainidea/mainlyabout”類、“title”類?！皃urpose”類題目的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)常使用“不定式todo”結(jié)構(gòu)?！癿ainidea/mainlyabout”類題目的選項(xiàng)涉及到短語(yǔ)(名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))和句子(陳述句、疑問(wèn)句)兩大類別。“title”類題目的選項(xiàng)除了包括短語(yǔ)和句子外，還涉及“名詞：短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)以及混合型(短語(yǔ)、句子、“名詞：短語(yǔ)”混合),混合型選項(xiàng)大多是兩兩對(duì)稱。1、答案常均勻分布。每個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面的內(nèi)容會(huì)出一道題，一般不可能就一個(gè)小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容連出2至3題。2、題文不一定同序。題號(hào)在前的題目答案不一定就在前面。3、選項(xiàng)和文中句子一模一樣可以選。4、主旨題的解法要從各個(gè)小標(biāo)題入手?？键c(diǎn)二記敘文記敘文的命題形式常有細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義猜測(cè)、主旨大意、推理判斷等題型。除了推理判斷或詞義猜測(cè)題，記敘文的命題順序一般都會(huì)按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事發(fā)展的順序?qū)訉油七M(jìn)。每年的高考題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，主要是圍繞記敘文六要素進(jìn)行命題，以考查細(xì)節(jié)為主，但都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測(cè)題。1、對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)信息題，要抓住整體篇章，看懂主題。利用內(nèi)容間的因果關(guān)系，梳理時(shí)間空間順序，對(duì)所考查細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行剖析了解，確定主題，將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)組成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。2、對(duì)于詞句猜測(cè)題，要借助篇章中的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的理解來(lái)充分理解題意，遇到陌生詞語(yǔ)盡量先避過(guò)，遵循先略讀再通讀的原則，進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲。尤其要注重對(duì)語(yǔ)境的把握。3、對(duì)于主旨大意題，要注意主題句和主題段，絕大多數(shù)的篇章采用總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，要注意段與段之間的聯(lián)系，注意隱藏的中心思想，研究文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句與句之間的關(guān)系，注重邏輯關(guān)系，從整體把握文章的脈絡(luò)?？键c(diǎn)三說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文是用平實(shí)的語(yǔ)言客觀地解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理，給人以知識(shí)的文體。題材涉及科技、社會(huì)和文化生活等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。說(shuō)明文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：1、新聞報(bào)道類：總體——細(xì)節(jié)或過(guò)程說(shuō)明。2、科普類：社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或變化——細(xì)節(jié)(運(yùn)作原理或原因闡述)——社會(huì)效應(yīng)和相關(guān)啟示。3、研究調(diào)查類：引出話題——調(diào)查結(jié)果——調(diào)查過(guò)程(方法、步驟、人員等)——對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響和未來(lái)的展望。4、說(shuō)明呈現(xiàn)類：總體呈現(xiàn)——細(xì)節(jié)描述(中心句一般在段首)——總結(jié)。1、關(guān)鍵是抓住說(shuō)明對(duì)象的本質(zhì)特征。閱讀時(shí)也要注意說(shuō)明的順序，說(shuō)明的順序有時(shí)間順序(如事物的發(fā)展變化)、空間順序(如建筑結(jié)構(gòu))、邏輯順序(因果、現(xiàn)象與本質(zhì))。2、掌握說(shuō)明文的說(shuō)明方法：舉例子、作比較——舉例子、作比較(對(duì)比說(shuō)明相異、類比說(shuō)明相似)、列數(shù)字、作詮釋、下定義、作引用、打比方等。3、把握文章的脈絡(luò)和長(zhǎng)難句的分析。考點(diǎn)四議論文議論文是一種作者通過(guò)陳述觀點(diǎn)，試圖說(shuō)服讀者接受其所給的觀點(diǎn)的文體，在歷年的英語(yǔ)高考題中，議論文體閱讀語(yǔ)篇總占一定的比例。相對(duì)于其他文體，議論文閱讀要難一些，因此要更加重視。議論文是說(shuō)理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過(guò)程組成，內(nèi)容涵蓋文化、歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)和教育等各個(gè)方面。閱讀時(shí)要把握作者的態(tài)度，領(lǐng)悟弦外之音，從而更好地依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)作出合理的推斷。1、把握文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。此外，還要把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言。2、互推法：議論之后會(huì)列舉具體例子來(lái)支撐觀點(diǎn)，或在舉例之后發(fā)表議論?？忌山柚o出的具體實(shí)例來(lái)推理出抽象的議論，或從議論中推理理解具體例子的深刻含義。3、推理法：推理的結(jié)論來(lái)自于原文沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)的信息。推理要根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系、信息的隱含意等，對(duì)文字的表層信息挖掘出文章的深層含義，透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看到本質(zhì)?？键c(diǎn)五新聞報(bào)道體裁新聞報(bào)道題目設(shè)置靈活多樣，通常以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，兼顧猜測(cè)詞義、句意題及目的意圖題和主旨大意題。標(biāo)題是對(duì)新聞報(bào)道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命題者考慮設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)。1.考查新聞事件的六要素，題型主要為細(xì)節(jié)題。2.考查對(duì)新聞事件的觀點(diǎn)，題型主要為觀點(diǎn)推斷題。3.考查語(yǔ)篇銜接，推斷某一特定詞或者短語(yǔ)的指代內(nèi)容，題型主要為指代、推斷題。4.概括主旨，題型主要為主題歸納題。知事抓導(dǎo)語(yǔ)。導(dǎo)語(yǔ)位于新聞報(bào)道的首段，高度概括新聞事實(shí)，5W(When，Where,Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓導(dǎo)語(yǔ)便對(duì)新聞事件有了大體把握，對(duì)做閱讀理解試題而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。欲知詳情，讀新聞背景和主體。新聞背景交待新聞事實(shí)的起因，主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)概括的新聞事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。探求結(jié)果到結(jié)尾。結(jié)尾往往是新聞事件的結(jié)果或動(dòng)態(tài)展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常與新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)，命題者也樂(lè)于在此設(shè)題?？键c(diǎn)一：應(yīng)用文(2025年湖南省普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語(yǔ)試題)ThegreaterRochesterareaisfilledwithopportunitiestostudyandperformmusicinthesummer!RobertsCommunitySchoolRobertsCommunityMusicSchoolhasexcitingsummermusicalopportunitiesforfamiliesonthewestsideofRochester.Itofferstwo7-weekEarlyChildhoodClasses,PianoDiscoveries,andaUkulelechoir.Lessonsareavailableforpiano,voice,stringedinstruments,woodwindandbrass(銅管樂(lè)器).SchoolofRock—RochesterWithcampchoicesforallagesandskilllevels,SchoolofRockistheperfectsummeractivityforyourchild.Oursummermusiccampsareperformance-based,meaningstudentslearntoplaybyperformingtogetherinafunenvironment.Frombeginnercampstosongwritingandthemedcamps,weofferawidevarietyofoptionstoensureyourchildhasanamazingmusicalexperience.Ourgoalistoprepareteensforliveperformancesonstage.EastmanCommunityMusicSchoolTheEastmanCommunityMusicSchooloffersdifferentdayprogramsandovernightmusiccampsthissummerformiddleandhighschoolstudents,includingAdventureMusicCampforMiddleSchoolers,SummerJazzStudiesforHighSchoolStudents,Baroqueworkshops,andNewHorizonsOrchestraCamp:Privatelessonsarealsoavailableforallages,levels;instrumentsorvoice.BachtoRockMusicSchoolBachtoRockMusicCampsruneachweekallsummerlongforallagesandlevels!Ourcampsaredesignedforstudentstoworkwithourhighlyexperiencedteacherstolearnhowtoplaytheirinstrumentsofchoice,developaband,learntoplaysongstheylove,andhavetheopportunitytowriteandcreatetheirmusic.EachweeklycampendswithanopportunitytorecordinourstudioFullorhalf-daycampsareavailable.Noexperienceisnecessary.1.Whichschool’sprogramsaredesignedtogetstudentsonstageperforming?A.RobertsCommunitySchool. B.SchoolofRock—Rochester.C.EastmanCommunityMusicSchool. D.BachtoRockMusicSchool.2.WhatisspecialaboutBachtoRockMusicCamps?A.Theyofferovernightcamps. B.Theyrequirerelatedexperience.C.TheyofferchancestoperforminaTVstation. D.Theycanrecordmusic.3.Whoarethemusiccampsmainlyintendedfor?A.Rochesterartists. B.Localfamilies. C.Schoolstudents. D.experiencedteachers.4.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparefourmusicschools. B.Toencouragestudentstobemusicstars.C.Tointroducesomemusicsummercamps. D.ToshowthemusicresourcesinRochester.MovieDetails&CreditsNationalGeographicFilms|ReleaseDate:July29,2011|PG-13Summary:Thefilmisauser-generated,feature-lengthdocumentaryshotonasingleday.Enlistedtocaptureamomentofthedayoncamera,theglobalcommunityrespondedbysubmittingmorethan80,000videostoYouTube.LifeinaDaybringstogetherthemostcompellingfootagetoofferauniqueexperiencethatshowswithbeauty,humor,andjoyful...ExpandDirector:KevinMacdonaldGenre(s):DocumentaryRating:PG-13Runtime:95minSeeAllDetailsandCreditsCriticReviewsLifeinaDayis,withoutexaggeration,aprofoundachievementReadfullreviewMovingandinsightful.Notaclassicbyanymeans,butafascinatingglimpseofthewaywelivetoday.ReadfullreviewLifereallysingswhenit’ssimplypullingtogetherthematicmontages-ofwakingup,foodpreparationonanswerstothequestion“Whatdoyoufear?”—orlettingagenuinemomentunfoldwithoutcomment.ReadfullreviewMacdonaldknowsplentyaboutcraftingsomethingevocativefromunscriptedmaterial.ReadfullreviewTherearedullspots,aswithanyotherday,yet“Life”aimstobe,andoccasionallyis,likeaYouTube-y“OurTown,”givingasenseofwhatitistobealiveonplanetEarth.ReadfullreviewUserReviewsLifeinaDayattemptstheimpossible-representingtheexperiencesoftheentireworldon24thJuly2010.Whilethistaskcouldneverbeachievedtoperfection,directorKevinMacDonaldandhisarmyofYoutubecontributorsmanagetocreateafascinatingsmorgasbordoftheday-to-day...ExpandThemovieisdecent.“LifeinDay”isliterallya2010July24thtimecapsule.Youcanobserveeverything,allthebeautifulsightsandevents,butthat’sthefarthestreachthemoviewilltakeyou.Iwouldrecommendthisfilmtoartists,Iguess?Youtube’s“LifeinaDay”hastoomuchflaws;itspillsinracism,self-deprivation,sexism,anddeath.KevinMcDonaldheredoesabeautifuljobinfusingthesepartstogetherbutfallstocoverupthesecons.However,afterwatchingthisdocumentaryIrelatedhowmanythingshappenedin...ExpandLifeinADayhassomanyprofoundmomentsbutoverallitneverreallyfeelslikeacoherentpieceoffilm.Iknowitshardwithsomanydifferentvoices,videosandideastoworkwithtomakeeverythingcometogetherbutLifeposes3majorquestionsbutthenfailstogointoenoughdetail...Expand1.Thismaterialistakenfromawebsiteoffilm________.A.review B.introduction C.rating D.downloading2.Theword“Metascore”onthetopleftcornerinthecommentarearefersto________.A.howgoodthemovieisaccordingtotheviewers.B.howmainstreammediathinkofthemovieC.whatcriticshavewrittenaboutthemovieD.whatcreditsnewspaperofficeshavegiven3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AlmosthalfofthereviewsonLifeinaDayareverynegative.B.Intermsofpositivereviews,usergrouphasalowerpercentagethancriticgroup.C.IfyouclickSEEALL18REVIEWS,youwillbesuretofindascorelessthan58.D.LifeinàDaybelongstothecategoryofrealisminthiswebsite.4.Ifyouclicktheicon“Expand”ingrandpajoe6191’sreviews,youwillprobablyfindthefullsentence“However,afterwatchingthefulldocumentaryIrealizedhowmanythingshappenedin________”.A.minorities,whosufferracialdiscrimination B.thelowerclass,forwhichIfeelquitesorryC.theupperclass,ofwhichIamveryjealous D.ordinarypeople,fromwhomIcanlearnalot考點(diǎn)二：記敘文(2025年陜西省普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語(yǔ)試卷)I’vealwayslikeddesigningthings.IrememberdrawingclothesandshoeswhenIwaseight,andImademyfirstskirtagednine.Thenthreeyearsago,Ibeganmakingshoes,andInowspendmyfreetimedoingthat.Ibecameinterestedinmakingshoeswhenmycousintoldmeaboutanonlineshoe-makingcourse.Iimmediatelyaskedmymumtobookmeonafour-daycourseinLondontoseeifIlikedit,andthenIdidaten-daycoursethereinthesummerholidays.Ilovethecourses.Onthelongerone,Imadefourpairsofshoes!Icouldn’tbelieveit.Theteacherswereexcellent.That’swhatwasbestabouttheclasses.Theymadeusworkreallyhardbuttheywantedalltheirstudentstohavefun,too.I’vemadeabout15pairsofshoesnow.AtthemomentI’mmakingapairoftrainers(運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋)usinganoldpairofjeans,butI’veusedallkindsofdifferentthingsbefore,fromoldleatherhandbagstooldcottondresses!Makingshoeshaschangedmyplansforthefuture.IknownowthatIwanttobeadesigner,butnotashoedesigner.I’vedecidedI’lldohomedesign.I’vedesignedlotsofshoesandalsosomeclothes,soI’dliketotrysomethingnew.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthewriterfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shebeganmakingshoesthreeyearsago.B.Shemadeherfirstskirtattheageofeight.C.Shebookedafour-daycourseinthesummerholidays.D.Shetoldhercousinaboutanonlineshoe-makingcourse.2.Whatdidthewriterlikemostaboutthecourses?A.Theclassesweregivenonline. B.SheenjoyedstayinginLondon.C.Theteacherstherewereexcellent. D.Shemadeabout15pairsofshoes.3.Whatmaterialisthewriterusingfortrainersnow?A.Oldskirts. B.Oldcottondresses.C.Oldjeans. D.Oldleatherhandbags.4.Whatwouldthewriterliketobeinthefuture?A.Ashoedesigner. B.Ahomedesigner.C.Acoursedesigner. D.Aclothesdesigner.WhenIfirstmovedintoatraditionalhutonginBeijing,thenarrowalleywaysfeltlikeamaze(迷宮).MytinyroomwaspartofasiheyuansharedwiththreeChinesefamilies.BackhomeinLondon,Ilivedinaquietsuburbanhousewithaprivategarden.Here,Icouldhearneighborschattingthroughpaper-thinwalls,andthesmellofstir-friedvegetablesoftendriftedintomyroom.Itwasoverwhelmingyetstrangelyalive.Thebiggestshockcamethenextmorning.Isteppedoutsidetofindacommunaltap(公共水龍頭)whereresidentsbrushedteethandwashedvegetablessidebyside.Anelderlymaninpajamasnoddedatmewhilespittingintothedrain—acommonpracticeherebutshockingtoWesterneyes.Later,whenItriedtothrowtrashintoabin,Mrs.Lifromnextdoorrushedover,sortingmywasteintofourcolorfulcategorieswithapatientsmile.“Recyclingmatters,”shesaid,thoughIunderstoodlittleChinese.Gradually,thehutongrevealeditsmagic.Childrenplayedhopscotch(跳房子游戲)onstonepaths,andshopkeeperskneweveryone’sname.Onerainyday,myroofleaked.BeforeIcouldcallforhelp,oneofmyneighborsclimbedupwithaladderandfixedithimself.Thatevening,heinvitedmeforjiaozi.Aswedippedtheminvinegar,IrealizedprivacyintheWestmeantdisconnection;here,“noisycloseness”meantbelonging.Now,whenIbikepastthemorningcrowdsbuyingbaoziorseeneighborsplayingchessundertreeshades,Ifeelathome.Thehutongtaughtmethatcultureshockisjustthefirststeptodiscoveringanewwayofliving-onewherecommunitywrapsaroundyoulikeawarmquilt.1.WhydidtheauthormentionhislifeinLondoninParagraph1?A.Tosuggesthisfamily’swealth. B.ToexplainwhyhemovedtoBeijing.C.Toshowhisattachmenttohiscountry. D.Tocontrasthispreviousandpresentlife.2.Whatsurprisedtheauthormostonthefirstmorning?A.Theshareduseofawatertap. B.Thesmellofcookingintheair.C.Thecomplexlayoutofthehutong. D.Thequeuinguphabitofneighbors.3.Whatdoes“noisycloseness”inParagraph3referto?A.Terriblelivingconditions. B.Activecommunityinteractions.C.Thevalueofpersonalprivacy. D.Loudargumentsbetweenneighbors.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AGuidetoExploringHutongs B.ChineseInsightsintoSocialLifeC.TheMazeThatBecameMyHome D.TrashSortingThatChangedChina考點(diǎn)三：說(shuō)明文(湖南省邵陽(yáng)市武岡市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試模擬卷英語(yǔ)試題)Inrecentnews,DeepSeek,aleadingartificialintelligence(AI)company,hasmadesignificantprogressindevelopingadvancedAImodels.Thesemodelsaredesignedtohelppeopleinvariousfields,suchaseducation,healthcare,andtechnology.Accordingtothecompany,theirlatestAIsystemcanunderstandandprocesshumanlanguagemoreaccuratelythaneverbefore.Thisbreakthroughcouldchangethewayweinteractwithtechnologyinthefuture.DeepSeek’snewAImodel,calledDeepSeek-V3,isparticularlygoodatreadingandanalyzingtext.Itcanunderstandcomplexsentences,answerquestions,andevensummarizelongarticles.Thecompanyclaimsthatthistechnologywillbeespeciallyusefulforstudentsandteachers,asitcanhelpwithhomework,research,andlearningnewconcepts.Inadditiontoitseducationalapplications,DeepSeek-V3isalsobeingusedinhealthcare.DoctorsandresearchersaretestingtheAItoseeifitcanhelpdiagnose(診斷)diseasesfasterandmoreaccurately.Thecompanybelievesthatthistechnologycouldsavelivesbyprovidingquickandreliableinformationtomedicalprofessionals.However,somepeopleareconcernedabouttherisksofAI.Theyworrythatmachinesmightreplacehumanjobsormakedecisionswithoutconsideringethicalissues(倫理問(wèn)題).DeepSeekhasrespondedtotheseconcernsbypromisingtouseAIresponsiblyandtoalwaysprioritize(優(yōu)先考慮)humansafetyandwell-being.Despitethesechallenges,DeepSeekremainsoptimisticaboutthefutureofAI.ThecompanyiscontinuingtoimproveitstechnologyandhopestomakeAImoreaccessibletoeveryone.AsAIbecomesmoreadvanced,itcouldrevolutionize(徹底改變)thewaywelive,work,andlearn.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?A.ThehistoryofDeepSeek. B.Thefutureofeducationtechnology.C.TherisksofusingAIinhealthcare. D.ThelatestbreakthroughinAIbyDeepSeek.2.HowcanDeepSeek-V3helpstudentsandteachers?A.Byhelpingwithhomework,research,andlearning.B.Byreplacingteachersintheclassroom.C.Bydiagnosingdiseasesinschools.D.Bycreatingneweducationalgames.3.WhatisoneconcernpeoplehaveaboutAI?A.Itmightbecometooexpensive. B.Itmightreplacehumanjobs.C.Itmightbetoodifficulttouse. D.Itmightonlybeavailabletowealthypeople.4.WhatdoesDeepSeekpromisetoprioritizeinitsuseofAI?A.Makingmoremoney. B.Replacinghumanworkers.C.Humansafetyandwell-being. D.Developingentertainmenttechnology.Ifyouwanttohelpchildrendeveloplanguageandspeechskills,UCLAresearcherssay,listeningtowhattheyhavetosayisjustasimportantastalkingtothem.Theeffectofaconversationbetweenachildandanadultisaboutsixtimesasgreatastheeffectofadultspeechinputalone,theresearchersfound.“Adultsspeakingtochildrenhelpslanguagedevelop,butwhatmattersmuchmoreistheinteraction,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,FrederickZimmerman,anassociateprofessorintheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewingdidn’thavemuchofaneffect—positivelyornegatively—aslongasitwasn’tdisplacingconversationsbetweenanadultandachild.TheUCLAstudyincluded275familieswithchildrenbetween2monthsand48monthsold.Theyrepresentedavarietyofincomesandeducation.Theresearchersfoundthat,inanaverageday,childrenhearabout13,000spokenwordsfromadultsandparticipatedinabout400adult-childconversationsaday.Assessedseparately,factorspositivelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopmentincludedeachadditional100conversationsadayandeach1,000wordsincreaseinthenumberofwordsspokenbyadultsandheardbychildren.Whenlookedatalone,TVwasnegativelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopment.But,whenthethreefactorswereanalyzedtogether,theonlyonethatstoodoutwasconversationbetweenadultsandchildren.“Themoreachildspeaksandinteractswithanadult,thebetterideaaparenthasaboutwherethechildis,”Zimmermansaid.“Althoughit’smostlydoneunconsciously,parentswillprovidefeedbackandcorrectmistakes.They’llalsotailortheirspeechtothechild.Parentscangiveachildwordsbytalkingtothemaboutwhatthey’redoing,suchas,‘I’mputtingonyourpajamasnow’.Butgiveyourchildtheopportunitytotalk,hopefullywithouttherestofthenoiseintheenvironment,”sheadded.“Ifparentscancarveoutsomeconversationtime—maybeatbathtimeoratdinnertime—that’sawonderfulthing.”1.TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewing_______.A.couldhaveapositiveeffectonachild’slanguagedevelopmentB.hadalittleeffectonachild’slanguagedevelopmentC.affectedachild’slanguagedevelopmentmorenegativelythanpositivelyD.affectedachild’slanguagedevelopmentbothnegativelyandpositively2.FrederickZimmermanwouldprobablyagreethat_______.A.parentsshouldlettheirchildrentalkmostofthetimeB.childrenshouldwatchTVprogramsselectivelyC.theconversationbetweenparentsandchildrenshouldbetwo-wayD.it’snogoodforparentstocorrecttheirchildren’smistakeswhentheyarespeaking3.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat_______.A.parentsshouldletachildrepeatwhatheorshesaysB.bathtimeordinnertimeisthebestchanceforparentstotalktoachildC.parent-childconversationcanbecarriedoutatanypropertimeD.parentsshouldleaveachildtalkingalone4.Theunderlinedword“tailor”inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby_______.A.control B.improveC.pass D.adjust考點(diǎn)四：議論文(湖南省株洲蘆淞區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)試題)Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機(jī)制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbig-picturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramatic(巨大而突然的)swingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationiscompleteexposuretonovelty(新奇的事物).Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.1.Whatallowsinsurancecompaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Thefamiliarityprinciple. B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Theimprovedservice. D.Thelawofthemarket.2.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadouble-edgedsword.D.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Tolerant.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone B.StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZoneC.SpareAThoughtForYourPreference D.GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffectYetlonelinesshasbecomesowidespreadthatitisoftentermedamodernepidemic.Why?Acommonexplanationisthelossof“socialconnection.”Whatdoesitreallymeantobesociallyconnected?Isitquantifiedbythenumberofone’sfriendsbothonlineandoffline,orisitdefinedbythequalityanddepthoftheserelationships?However,someexpertsarguethatlonelinesstranscendsmeresocialisolation.Itispossibletomaintainhundredsofdigitalconnectionsyetstillendureprofoundfeelingsofloneliness.NorwegianwriterHilde?stby,inherbookSoLonely,suggeststhatlonelinessemergeswhenthere’sagapbetweenthesocialconnectionswedesireandthoseweactuallypossess.Individualsindenselypopulatedurbanareasfrequentlyreporthigherlevelsoflonelinessthanthoseinruralcommunities.Whilestrongsocialtiescanreduceloneliness,close-knitsocietiesreporthighlonelinessrates.?stbyfurtherinvestigatesthepsychologicalandphysicaleffectsofloneliness.Itislinkedtoemotionslikegriefandshame,anditcanevenharmone’shealth.Shebelievesthatlonelinessissometimescausedbysocialdivision—marginalization(邊緣化)duetoracism,sexism,orotherformsofprejudice.Shecoinstheword“l(fā)onelify”todescribethisprocess—howpeoplearedeliberatelymadetofeelexcluded.However,lonelinessisnotonlycausedbysocialexclusion.Itcanaffectanyone,regardlessofageorbackground.Althoughtechnologyandcontemporarylifestylesmaycontributetotheproblem,atitscore,lonelinessremainsaprofoundlyhumanexperience.?stby’sbookencouragesustorethinkloneliness—notjustasapersonalissue,butasasocialone.Shecallsformoreinclusivecommunitiesandremindsusthatsmallactsofkindness,likeasmileoraconversation,canhelpothersfeellessalone.Afterall,inaworldwheresomanyfeellonely,connectionmightbethecureweallneed.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transcends”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.resultsfrom. B.goesbeyond. C.dependson. D.equals.2.WhatfactordoesHilde?stbybelieveleadstoloneliness?A.Numerousonlinefriendsonly. B.Urbanlivingenvironments.C.Agapinsocialconnections. D.Long-termsocialisolation.3.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’sdiscussionof?stby’sviews?A.Needsindividualandsocietalefforts. B.Technologyistherootcause.C.Mainlyaffectsmarginalizedgroups. D.Smallkindnessesaremosteffective.4.Whatisthepassage’smainpurpose?A.Explainloneliness’scausesandsolutions. B.Analyzesocialconnectionsandloneliness.C.Arguelonelinessisasocietalissue. D.Introduceabookanditsinsights.考點(diǎn)五：新聞報(bào)道WilliamLindesay,afamousGreatWallexpertandconservationist,andhiswifeWuQihavetraveledtheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonswithauniquegrowingenvironment.Sunhats,backpacksandsneakers(運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋)—thesearetheday-to-daymust-havesforthefamily.Mostoftheirtripsseemfarfromrelaxing—culturalstudyinthehotanddrydesert,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbtothreeEnglishmountaintopsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.Manyassumethefamilymustbewealthyandcanaffordtheirglobaltravel,buttheyarenot.Lindesaysaystheyjustchoosetospendmoneyontravelandeschewpriceyhotelsandrestaurantswherepossible.LindesaymentionsthetriptoMoscowasanexample.Insteadoftakingataxifromtherailwaystationtothehotel,theytookthesubway.“Wecrossedthecityforsavingmoney,communicatedwithlocalpeople,andsawtheyarepeoplejustlikeus,everywhere.Wearrivedatourdestinationfeelingcomfortable.”However,theirjourneys,whichcanlastweeksormonths,havesometimesbeeninconsistentwiththeirchildren’sschooling.WuremembersonceLindesaylettheireldersonaskforleavesothattheycouldgotoNewYorkfora45-daylecturetour.Thereforethesonmissedhisfinalexam.Thingslikethatbotherthefamilyallthetime.Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,buttravelingoutside,indistantlandswithdifferentlanguages,cultures,andpoliticalstructures,istherealtest.“Youcanonlygetstreetwiseonthestreet.Youcanonlygetworldly-wisewhenseeingtheworld,”hesays.1.HowcanwedescribetheLindesays’trips?A.Pleasant. B.Conventional C.Challenging. D.Dangerous.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eschew”inparagraph3mean?A.Visit. B.Avoid. C.Compare. D.Evaluate.3.Whatproblemdoesthefamilymeetwhentraveling?A.Theyhaveschedulingconflicts.B.Theysufferfromatightbudget.C.Theyarefacedwithlanguagebarriers.D.Theyholddifferenteducationalideas.4.WhichstatementmayLindesayagreewithaccordingtothetext?A.Toughnessisthebestassistantofwill. B.Manwhotravelsfarknowsmore.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.Over5millionsharedbikesinChinaareusingservicesofferedbyBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)).ThesesharedbikesalluseBeidou-basedpositioningchips(芯片).Thechipshavehighqualities.Theycandealwithinformationaccuratelyandquickly.TheyfeaturelowpowerconsumptionTheyprovideabetteruserexperienceandeasiermanagementforthelocalcompanies.Now,severalnewmodelsofsharedelectricbikeswithBeidou-basedchipshavealsostartedtobeproducedandputintomarket.Besidespositioningandnavigation,thechipswillhelpusersandsharedbikecompaniesrecordusers’speedandbatteryconditionofanelectricbike.Thepossiblecrimesduringthebikeusingwillalsoberecorded.Infact,yearsago,sharedbikecompaniesbegantousepositioningchipswhichworkedwellwithbothGPSandBeidouservices.AftertheBeidousystembecamefullyinuseinthesummerof2020,sharedbikecompaniesstartedinstalling(安裝)Beidou-basedchipsonmorebikesinmoreareas.The