/專(zhuān)題03冠詞,代詞和介詞目錄目錄學(xué)考要求速覽必備知識(shí)梳理高頻考點(diǎn)精講進(jìn)階分級(jí)練考點(diǎn)一不定冠詞的用法a＋輔音音素；an＋元音音素Inauniversity，aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkedalongaone-wayroadwithausefultool.Thisisausualthing.在一所大學(xué)里，一個(gè)歐洲人和一個(gè)一只眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。表示“一個(gè)”，與數(shù)詞one相同Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬非一日建成。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.雙鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手。表示某個(gè)不確定的人和物，相當(dāng)于acertain、some，常意為“某一個(gè)，一個(gè)叫……的人”Inasense,bothwereright.在某種意義上，兩者都對(duì)。AMr.Whiteisaskingforyouonthephone.一個(gè)叫懷特的人打電話找你。表示“相同”，相當(dāng)于thesameTheyarenearlyofaheight.他們幾乎一樣高。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以類(lèi)聚。表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于per,用于表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度等單位前800dollarsaton,threetimesaday,fouryuanadozen,90milesanhour,twiceaweek,60poundsakilometer用于固定詞組中awasteof浪費(fèi)……；allofasudden突然地；asarule通常。IthitmeallofasuddenthatIhadforgottenherbirthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日給忘了。a＋most表示“很，非?！盬espentamostagreeabledaytogether.我們一起度過(guò)了非常愉快的一天?！癮(n)＋名詞”作表語(yǔ)，表職業(yè)Greyisasurgeon.格雷是一名外科醫(yī)生。Shebecamea(＝turned)violinistaftershegrewup.長(zhǎng)大后，她成了一名小提琴家。用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種/一份/一陣/一場(chǎng)/一番”等意思Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughdays.在那些艱苦的日子里，能夠買(mǎi)得起一杯飲料是一種安慰。用于首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前Thereisabookonthedesk.桌子上有一本書(shū)。I'mgoingtobuyacomputer.我要買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦。用于quite、rather、many、half、what、such之后Heisquiteaseriousperson.他是個(gè)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)肅的人。Manyamothertriestoactouttheirunrealizeddreamsthroughtheirdaughters.許多母親試圖通過(guò)女兒實(shí)現(xiàn)她們未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想。Shelivesjusthalfamileaway.她就住在半英里之外。Whatashametheycan'tcome.他們不能來(lái)了，真是遺憾。Itissuchanamazinglegend！多令人驚訝的傳奇！用于“so/as/too/how/however＋形容詞”之后Heissocapablealeaderthatweallsupporthim.他是一位很有能力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們都支持他。Howlovingandgraciousamothersheis!她是個(gè)多和藹可親的媽媽?zhuān)oweverhotadayitis,hewon'ttakeoffhishat.不管天氣多熱，他都不摘下帽子。用于抽象名詞前，表示具體的人和物asuccess成功的人或事；ashame帶來(lái)恥辱的人或事；apity可惜或遺憾的事；amust必需、必備的事；agoodeducation良好的教育；agreathelp巨大的幫助；anhonour一種榮幸；apleasure一種樂(lè)趣用在可數(shù)名詞前泛指一類(lèi)人或物Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver,shouldbeequallyrespected.任何人，無(wú)論是官員還是公交車(chē)司機(jī)，都應(yīng)該得到同等的尊重。具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞在與have，take，make等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)表示一種短暫性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，前面要加不定冠詞。takealook看一看；haveatry試一試。Youhadbettergotothefactoryandhavealook.你最好到廠里去看一看?？键c(diǎn)二定冠詞的用法用于表示整個(gè)屬類(lèi)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類(lèi)事物Thewhaleisamammal.鯨魚(yú)是一種哺乳動(dòng)物。Theheartpumpsbloodaroundthebody.心臟把血液輸送到全身。用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?你知道是誰(shuí)發(fā)明了電話嗎？表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的、上文提到過(guò)的人和事，或者是在表示特定的人和事物前Don'tworryifyoucan'tcometotheparty.I'llsavesomecakeforyou.你要是來(lái)不了派對(duì)，也別擔(dān)心。我會(huì)給你留些蛋糕的。Lilyhasapetdog.Thedogislovely.莉莉有只寵物狗。這條狗很可愛(ài)。用于表示西洋樂(lè)器、文娛場(chǎng)所前playthepiano(theguitar,theviolin,theflute,thedrum)gotothetheater(theconcert,thecinema,theparty)★用漢語(yǔ)拼音表示的樂(lè)器前不用冠詞：playerhu,playpipa用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人theyoung,theliving,theevil,thewounded,thelost用在復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前表示一家人或夫婦二人TheWhitessettleddowninCanadalastyear.去年懷特一家在加拿大定居。用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)前，在形容詞和副詞特定的比較級(jí)前He'dalwaysbethefirsttooffertohelp.他總是第一個(gè)主動(dòng)提出幫忙。It'sthemostmarvellouspieceofmusic.這是最美妙的一篇樂(lè)章。★Doyouknowwhichstoryisthemoreinterestingofthetwo？你知道這兩個(gè)故事哪個(gè)更有趣嗎？用于國(guó)家、黨派、機(jī)構(gòu)、公共建筑物、報(bào)紙、雜志、朝代、江河湖海、山川群島的名詞前theUnitedKingdom,theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedNations,theWTO,theSummerPalace,TheNewYorkTimes,theTangDynasty,theYangtzeRiver,theRedSea,theTaiwanStraits,theSaharaDesert用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedbytheChinese2，000yearsago.指南針是兩千年以前中國(guó)人發(fā)明的。在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代inthe1870s19世紀(jì)70年代用于表示計(jì)量的名詞前bytheyard(thepound,thekilo,theton)★byvolume(按體積),byweight(按重量)用于表示方位、方向的名詞前intheeast(thewest,thenorth,thesouth)keeptotheright,turntotheleft,inthemiddle用于抓、打人體某個(gè)部位的名詞前，常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有take、catch、hold、seize、pull、hit、pat、lead、strike等等。常用的介詞有in、on、by等等take(catch,seize)sb.bythearm(thehair,thehand)pat(hit,strike)sb.intheface(theeye,thestomach)leadsb.bythenose用于某些固定的短語(yǔ)中attheageof,atthefootof,bytheendof,intheday,tellthetruth,atthebeginningof,atthetopof,bytheway,atthesametime,intheend,onthecontrary,tothepoint,theotherday,ontheradio考點(diǎn)三零冠詞的用法不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指Teachersarebadlyneededintheremotedistricts.偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)非常需要教師。稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)及表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，不加冠詞。Dr.PeterSpence，headmasteroftheschool，toldus，＂AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.＂這所學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)PeterSpence博士告訴我們，這里五分之一的學(xué)生將繼續(xù)到牛津或劍橋大學(xué)深造。月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲前；三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ)前；學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring，summer，autumnandwinter.一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。no與such連用時(shí)應(yīng)放在such之前，such后的名詞不用冠詞。Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐?！疽谆焯崾尽?.在turn(變成)作表語(yǔ)的名詞前不用冠詞，但become后的可數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)前要加冠詞。Hebecameadoctorwhilehisbrotherturnedteacher.他成了一名醫(yī)生而他弟弟當(dāng)了教師。2.不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意：a.位于下列形容詞之后：such，what，many，half，Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as,so,too,how,however,enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.c.quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather，quite前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quitealotd.在as，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞放形容詞后：Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他盡管勇敢，可見(jiàn)到蛇還是發(fā)抖。當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。3.定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等詞之后，名詞之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。考點(diǎn)四代詞的分類(lèi)人稱(chēng)代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you(你們),they賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you(你們),them物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名詞性物主代詞mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever關(guān)系代詞/連接代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代詞one,some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either相互代詞eachother,oneanother考點(diǎn)五幾組不定代詞的用法區(qū)別some和anysome可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議、請(qǐng)求等Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee？some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示“某個(gè)”，any表示“任何一個(gè)”Go,andsaysomepersonfromNewYorkdesirestoseeher.Anycolourwilldo.some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句Heofferedsomeusefuladvice.Doyouhaveanysuggestions?I'mnotmakinganypromises.each和everyeach強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上；而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上Each(ofus)hasourowncar.＝Weeachhaveourowncar.Everystudentiscapableofpassingtheexam./Everyoneofusiscapableofpassingtheexam.none和nonone作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可；no等于notany，作定語(yǔ)—Howmuchbreadisthereinthekitchen?—None.Noneofthepassengerswas/wereinjured.Shehasnomoneycominginandnofunds.other、theother和anotherother泛指“另外的，別的”，常與其他詞連用，如：everyotherweek、theotherday、nootherway;theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為theothersHehasdoctor'sappointmentjustaboutevery__otherweek.Hecrashedintoacarcomingthe__otherway.Heraisedonearmandthenthe__other.Canyoustaybehindafterthe__othershavegoneandhelpmeclearup？another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”，無(wú)特定所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”Hegavethebellanotherpress.Anumberoffeaturesdiscriminatethisspeciesfromothers(＝otherspecies).either和neithereither指“兩者(中任何一方)都”；neither指“兩者(中任何一方)都不”Youcanparkoneithersideoftheroad.Neitherofushaseverskied.考點(diǎn)六one,theone,that,it代詞用法所替代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)one替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同類(lèi)”人或事物的一個(gè)，表示泛指必須是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用onestheone替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同類(lèi)”人或事物的一個(gè)，表示特指必須是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示復(fù)數(shù)用theonesthat替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同類(lèi)”人或事物的一個(gè)，表示特指，其后常跟介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用thoseit替代上文出現(xiàn)的“同一”事物可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)用they考點(diǎn)七it的常考用法形式常用句型it作形式主語(yǔ)①I(mǎi)t+be+adj.+(forsb./ofsb.)todosth.②It+be+n.+(forsb./sth.)todosth.③Ittakes/tooksb.+一段時(shí)間+todosth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。④Itisuseless/nouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事沒(méi)用。⑤Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜……⑥Itisnowonderthat...難怪……⑦Itisobvious/clear/evidentthat...顯然……⑧Itissaid/reported/believedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/人們相信……it作形式主語(yǔ)相關(guān)短語(yǔ)和句型①M(fèi)akeit成功,做到②Takeiteasy.別緊張。③Don’tmentionit.不客氣。④assb.putsit正如某人所說(shuō)⑤believeitornot信不信由你⑥takeitforgrantedthat...認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的⑦Whenitcomesto...當(dāng)涉及/談及……(to為介詞)⑧Itis/was...that/who...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考點(diǎn)八介詞表示方位的介詞across指從較為平坦的表面穿過(guò)。through指從立體的事物中間穿過(guò)。to指到某處,去某處。under在……下面,無(wú)接觸面。in在……里面。into到……里面。over在……正上方無(wú)接觸面；on在……上面有接觸面。around在/向……周?chē)eneath在……下面有接觸面。beside在……旁邊。outof在……外面。from從……。beyond在/向……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊,超出。表示時(shí)間的介詞on指在具體的某一天。in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時(shí)間之前,或者指上/下午或晚上。at用在幾點(diǎn)鐘或night/noon之前。in也可用在表示一段時(shí)間的詞之前,表示“多久之后”。before在……之前。until直到……時(shí)候。during在……期間。for表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。over表示“在……期間”,表延續(xù)。表示工具、手段、方式的介詞by,on,over,with,in表示原因的介詞for表示原因,后面可以加名詞(詞組)或句子。at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后,后面加名詞(詞組)。with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陳述句,加名詞(短語(yǔ))/名詞性從句。表示支持、反對(duì)的介詞For,against其他常用介詞besides,except,but,without,beyond,about考點(diǎn)九介詞短語(yǔ)介詞和動(dòng)詞搭配callfor需要；要求 passby經(jīng)過(guò)payfor為……付款 figureout弄清楚applyfor申請(qǐng) dreamof夢(mèng)想searchfor尋找，搜索 referto提及；參考beginwith以……開(kāi)始contributeto貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；促成playwith同……一起玩；玩弄 laughat嘲笑careabout關(guān)心；介意 focuson集中于feellike想要 charge...for...索費(fèi)holdup舉起exchange...for...用……來(lái)交換……relyon依靠 gobackto追溯到介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配①at開(kāi)頭的介詞短語(yǔ)ataloss不知所措 atthecostof以……的代價(jià)atpeace處于和平狀態(tài) attheriskof冒……的危險(xiǎn)atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)atthemercyof在……支配下；由……擺布atthesametime同時(shí)②on開(kāi)頭的介詞短語(yǔ)onexhibition/show在展出 onaccountof因?yàn)閛nfire著火 onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售，打折 onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假③by開(kāi)頭的介詞短語(yǔ)byaccident偶然地 byhand手工bymistake錯(cuò)誤地 bychance偶然bytheday按天算 bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地④in開(kāi)頭的介詞短語(yǔ)incash用現(xiàn)金付款 inchargeof掌管……indepth在深度上 inreturn作為回報(bào)indetail詳細(xì)地 indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危inheight在高度上 inspiteof盡管inlength在長(zhǎng)度上 inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成 innotime立刻incaseof萬(wàn)一；如果；假使innoway決不insupportof為支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpossessionof擁有，占有inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……inadditionto另外inthemiddleof在……中間⑤of+n.表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)ofbenefit有益處的 ofsignificance有意義的ofhelp有幫助的 ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的 ofvalue有價(jià)值的⑥outof+n.表示狀態(tài)outofbalance失去平衡 outoforder發(fā)生故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣 outofsight看不見(jiàn)outofcontrol失去控制 outofthequestion不可能outofdate過(guò)期 outofwork失業(yè)⑦under+n.表示被動(dòng)underattack遭到襲擊 undertreatment在治療中underpressure在壓力下 undercontrol處于控制之中⑧with+n.表示方式withdelight/joy高興地 withfear害怕地withdifficulty困難地 withpleasure樂(lè)意地withease輕而易舉地⑨beyond+n.表示“超出……，難以……”beyondcompare無(wú)與倫比beyonddescription難以描述beyondreach夠不到beyondexpression/words難以表達(dá)介詞和形容詞,過(guò)去分詞搭配(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout憂慮becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat對(duì)……生氣begoodat擅長(zhǎng)(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin專(zhuān)注于bedressedin穿著beengagedin忙于(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望befamousfor以……著名befitfor適合，勝任(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近beequalto等于befamiliarto對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)熟悉(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意識(shí)到befondof喜歡(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于befamiliarwith對(duì)……熟悉bepatientwith對(duì)……有耐心考點(diǎn)一：不定冠詞例1.Ourteamtriedhardandas________result,wewonthegame.例2.Momoftentellsme________appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.A.a B.an C.不填 D.the例3.NowadaystheInternetplays________veryimportantroleinourdailylife.A.a B.an C.the D.\1.-MayIhave________lookatthenewskirtyouboughtyesterday?-Ofcourse.A.a B.an C.the D./2.Iamgoingtomake________specialhouseformypetpigthisweekend.A.an B.a C.the3.Amyonlyhadeggandsomemilkforbreakfasttoday.A.a B.an C.the D.不填4.LiHuahas________goodknowledgeofmanyforeignlanguages,andoneofthemisEnglishwhichis________languagespokenbymanypeopleintheworld.A.the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the5.HanHongis________kindsingerandshedoesalottohelpthepoor.A.a B.an C.the D./考點(diǎn)二：定冠詞例1.Iwas________onlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.例2.InnerMongoliaisoneof________mostbeautifulplacesin________China.A.the;the B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/例3.—Whatdoyouthinkof________Christmasparty?—Itwasgreat.A.a B.the C.不填 D.an1.Afterfinishingherhomework,Sherryplayed________pianoforhalfanhour.A.不填 B.an C.a D.the2.China’sChang’e4landedonthefarsideof________moonsuccessfully.A.the B.a C.an D.不填3.—Whois________girlinred?—SheisMr.Smith'sdaughter.A.an B.the C.a D.不填4.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistsandTuYouyouwasamong________firstresearcherschosen.5.Withtheexamaround________corner,we’reburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforit.考點(diǎn)三：零冠詞例1.Keepin________mindthatpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsastowhattheartistislike,sotheyshouldfeelfreetodiscuss.A.the B.an C.a D./例2.Ifyouwanttogetanywherein________chess,youhavetostudythevariousopenings.A.an B.the C./ D.a例3.At________night,wecanseethesplendidJourneyofLightsParade.A.a B.the C.an D./1.Thetwocultureshavealotin________common.A.a B./ C.the D.an2.Sheoftenplays________chessonweekends.A.an B.a C.the D./3.________Time/timeismoney.A.The B.An C./ D.A4.PhilipBeadleisateacher,speaker,and________educationaladviserintheUK.A.a B.an C.the D./5.—Whatwereyoudoingat2o'clockyesterdayafternoon?—Iwasplaying________football.A.a B.the C.an D./考點(diǎn)四：代詞分類(lèi)例1.—Can________drive?—Yes,Ican.Iusuallydrivetowork.A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself例2.Hesoonrecovered(恢復(fù))________(he)andstoppedcrying.例3.Ontheirarrival,theyfoundLuo’sparentseagerlywaitingfor________(they).1.Heamazed________allwithhiskindnessandhisbeautiful,gentle,caringspirit.A.our B.we C.us D.ours2.Mr.Wangisoverthere.Whynotgoandsayhelloto________?A.he B.him C.it D.its3.—Whosecameraisthis?Isit________?—No,it’snotmine.It’s________.A.you;him B.yours;him C.yours;his D.you;his4.Jackwantedtolearntoplaythepianoby________afteraliveconcert.A.him B.his C.he D.himself5.Thelonelyboyoftenplaysfootballwith________.A.he B.his C.him D.himself考點(diǎn)五：不定代詞例1.Therearetwotreesinmybackyard.OneisaChinesedatetree.________isalsoaChinesedatetree.A.Theother B.Other C.Another例2.Therearesometalltreeson________sideofthestreet.Soyouwillfeelcool.A.both B.all C.neither D.either例3.—CanIcometodayortomorrow?—________isOK.I’mbusytodayandtomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None1.Myunclepromisedtobuyanicegiftformybirthday,________beyondmyimagination.A.which B.that C.something D.theone2.Beijingisreallyawonderfulcityandwe’vedecidedtostayfor_________week.A.any B.other C.another D.some3.Ihavedonemostofthehousework.Wouldyoupleasefinish________?A.theother B.theothers C.therest D.another4.Thetwosistersweresobusylastnightthat________ofthemhadtimetolookafterthebaby.A.either B.neither C.any D.none5.IinvitedTom,JackandLucytodinner,but________ofthemcame.A.none B.either C.neither D.both考點(diǎn)六：指示代詞例1.Dadtoldusthepriceherewasmuchlowerthan________inLondon.A.it B.that C.this D.one例2.Thegoods________ontheInternetarecheaperthan________webuyinshops.A.beingbought;that B.bought;thoseC.bought;that D.bebought;those例3.Themachinesmadeinourfactoryareasgoodas________madeinJapan.A.that B.ones C.them D.those1.—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________.A.it B.that C.one D.this2.Ireallywanttogotoaplaceforthesummervacation,especially________withbeautifulsceneryanduniqueculture.A.that B.this C.one D.it3.Tohelpusbetterunderstandliteraryworks,ourteachercomparedthewritingstyleofMarkTwainwith________ofLinYutang.A.those B.that C.ones D.One4.Intheeraofartificialintelligence,thecapabilitiesofmodernrobotsarefarmoreadvancedthan________ofthefirst-generationindustrialmachines.A.that B.ones C.one D.those5.—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________.A.it B.that C.this D.one考點(diǎn)七：it的用法例1.Communicatingthroughascreenmakes________moredifficultforchildrentoconcentrate.例2.________ismydutytodosomethingforstudentsinpoorareas.例3.Ithought________strangethatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove.1.—Mum,whereismyfootball?Haveyouseen________?—Football?Oh,it’sinmycar.A.one B.them C.it D.any2.________wasdifficultforthemtotaketimeofftocelebratethefestival.A.It B.That C.This D.What3.________isreallyeasytogetlostamongthetwistingandturningHutongsnearthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.A.It B.That C.This D.What4.________isgenerallyagreedthatnoonecanlearnalltheknowledgeallhislife.A.What B.As C.Which D.It考點(diǎn)八：介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)例1.XuYiwaslearningEnglish________anexchangestudentintheUK.例2.Whynotgoandborrowsomemoney________her?例3.Thereisnobetterwaytoseewhatyouarecapable________.1.Ialsoplaycomputergamesfromtime________timeandIevenplaytennisonmytelevisionscreeninmylivingroom!2.Hefrozein________(amaze)atthepoeticlandscape.3.WhenthegameendedourcoachhitPaul________theshoulder,saying,“you’vejustearnedyourplaceontheteam,bigguy!”4.Formorethan50years,hehasdevotedhislife________riceproduction.5.Thenovelismadeup________tenstories.訓(xùn)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Wethought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtogiveusalectureonhowtolearnEnglish.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him2.Peoplefelt________impossibleformantoflyintoouterspacesomeyearsago.A.that B.what C.it D.this3.I’dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethiscomputer.A.that B.thisC.you D.it4.Themachinesmadeinourfactoryareasgoodas________madeinJapan.A.that B.ones C.them D.those5.IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but________ofthemcame.A.neither B.either C.none D.both6.Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,________thathadthebestcolor.A.不填 B.ones C.this D.theones7.Thestreetisbeautiful,fortherearetreeson________.A.neitherside B.eithersideC.bothside D.allsides8.TheYangtzeRiver,China’slongest,hasbeenaffectedbyaseveredrought,________thelowestlevelofrainfallthisyearsince1961.A.with B.for C.beyond D.besides9.________thecost,theprojectwilltakealotoftimeaswell.A.Otherthan B.Exceptfor C.Inaddition D.Apartfrom10.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside________youngermen.A.intermsof B.inneedof C.infavorof D.inpraiseof二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.________isimportanttoprotectourenvironment.2.Ihopetohave________happier,morefruitfulandsatisfyinglifeinmynewschool.3.Heisin________possessionofthatbeautifulgardenandtheshopisin________possessionofhisbrother.4.By________nature,youareanadventurer,fullofamazementandcuriosityabout________worldbiggerthanlifeitself.5.Emilyfeltcompletelyat________losswhen________wordcamethathersonfinallylefthome.一、閱讀理解AImaginepickingupanicejuicyapple—butinsteadofbitingintoit,youkeeptheseedsandthrowtherestaway.That’swhatchocolateproducershavetraditionallydonewiththecocoafruit—usedthebeansandthrewawaytherest.Traditionalchocolateproduction,usingonlythebeans,involvesleavingtherestofthecocoafruit—thesizeofapumpkinandfullofnutritiousvalue—torotinthefields.ButnowfoodscientistsinSwitzerlandhavecomeupwithawaytomakechocolateusingtheentirecocoafruitandwithoutusingsugar.Thechocolate,developedbyscientistKimMishraandhisteam,includesthecocoafruit,thejuice,andtheshell.Thekeytothenewchocolateliesintheverysweetjuice,whichtastesabitlikepineapple.Thisjuice,whichis14%sugar,ismadetoformahighlyconcentratedsyrup(高濃度糖漿).RogerWehrli,directoroftheassociationofSwisschocolateproducers,seesthenewchocolateas“verypromising...Ifyouusethewholecocoafruit,youcangetbetterprices.Soit’seconomicallyinterestingforthefarmers.”Foodproductioninvolveslettingoutsignificantgreenhousegas,soreducingfoodwastecouldalsohelptodealwithclimatechange.Chocolate,maynotbyitselfbeahugefactor,butitcouldbeastart.InSwitzerland,someofthebiggerproducersarestartingtousethecocoafruitaswellasthebeans,butnone,sofar,hastakenthestepofnotusingextrasugarcompletely.“Wehavetofindbravechocolateproducerswhowanttotestthemarket,”saysMr.Mishra.1.Whichofthefollowingisthenewwayofdealingwithcocoa?A.Onlyusingtheseeds. B.Onlyusingtheleaves.C.Usingtheentireplant. D.Usingtheentirefruit.2.Wheredoesthesugarofthenewchocolatecomesfrom?A.apple B.pineapple C.thejuice D.theshell3.IntheopinionofRoger,whowillbemostsatisfiedwiththenewchocolate?A.thefarmers B.thescientists C.theproducers D.thebuyers4.Inwhichaspectwillthenewchocolateleadthewayinfoodproduction?A.Gettingbetterprice. B.Protectingtheenvironment.C.Testingthemarket. D.Addingsomeextrasugar.B(2024-2025學(xué)年安徽師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高中自主招生考試英語(yǔ))Jimwasayoungmaninhisearlytwentieswhowasstudyingtobeacarpenter.Hewasagoodworker,honestandworthyoftrust,sohisbosswaspleasedwithhim.Ashewassuchalikablemanandeasytodealwith,hewaspopularwithhisworkmates,too.Theyalsomadefunofhimagreatdealbuthenevergotangrywiththemandwouldonlylaugh.ButJim’sonegreatshortcoming(缺點(diǎn))wasthathecouldnevertellalie,nomatterhowhardhetried,notevenalittleone.Infact,hewassohonestandshythathewouldblushevenwhenhewastellingthetruth.Heusedtostandinfrontofthemirrorandpractiselyingwhilelookinghimselfintheeyesatthesametime.Butassoonashesawhisfacestartingtogoredhehadtolookaway.Onemorning,however,hedidn’tfeellikegoingtoworkbecausehehadbeentoapartythenightbeforeandithadn’tendedtilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Andsofarthefirsttimeinhislifehedecidedtotakethedayoff.Heranghisboss,pretendingtobeawoman.“I’mafraidJimcan’tcometoworktoday.Heisn’tfeelingverywell.”P(pán)oorJimwasthankfulthathisbosscouldn’tseehimjustatthatmomentbecausehishandsweretrembling(發(fā)抖)andhisfacewasbrightred.“Thankyouforlettingmeknow,”saidMr.Woods,hisboss,andthenjustashewasabouttohangup,hesaid,“justamoment,madam,who’sspeaking.”“Oh!”hestammered(口吃的說(shuō)),andgoingalloutformakingavoicelikeawoman,hecriedinavoice:“Thisismymotherspeaking!”5.WhatdoweknowaboutJim?A.Hetrustedpeopleeasily.B.Hegotalongwellwithpeople.C.Hewasonlypopularwithhisboss.D.Helikedtomakefunofhisworkmates.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blush”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Stammer. B.Lookaway C.Gored. D.Feelcold7.WhydidJimtrytopractiselying?A.Toavoidbeinglaughedatbyhisworkmates.B.Toovercomehisshortcoming.C.Togethisbosspleasedwithhim.D.Togetreadyforgettingadayoff.8.Attheendofthestorywecanlearnthat________.A.Jimsuccessfullytoldalie. B.Jim’smothertoldalie.C.Jim’sbosscouldtellthatJimlied D.JimhadawomaninhishouseCInabreakthroughthatcouldrevolutionizeenergytransmissionandcomputing,scientistsannouncedthedevelopmentoftheworld’sfirstroom-temperaturesuperconductor.Thisachievementpromisestoeliminateelectricalresistanceentirely,makingpowergrids(電網(wǎng))100%efficientandenablingquantum(量子)computerstooperateatscale.Superconductivity,theabilitytoconductelectricitywithzeroresistance,wasfirstobservedin1911.However,allknownsuperconductorsrequiredextremelylowtemperaturesorhighpressurestofunction,limitingtheirpracticaluse.Thenewmaterial,acompoundofhydrogen,sulfur,andcarbon,achievessuperconductivityatamild21℃andambient(環(huán)境的)pressure,anachievementoncethoughtimpossible.Theimplicationsareprofound.Forenergysystems,room-temperaturesuperconductorscoulddrasticallyreduceglobalenergywaste.Currently,upto10%ofelectricityislostasheatduringtransmission.Withsuperconductors,thislosswoulddisappear,loweringenergydemandandcarbonemissions.Incomputing,thematerialcouldsolveamajorbottleneckinquantumcomputing:decoherence(退相干).Quantumbitslosetheirstaterapidlyatroomtemperature,butsuperconductorscouldstabilizethem,leadingtomuchfasterquantumcomputers.Theresearchteamspentfiveyearsexperimentingwithdifferentcompositions.Theyusedahigh-pressurediamondanvilcelltosynthesize(合成)thecompound,thengraduallyreducedthepressure.Totheirsurprise,thematerialmaintaineditssuperconductingcapabilitiesatnormalatmosphericpressure.“Thischangeseverything,”saidleadresearcherDr.ElenaRodriguez.“Superconductivitycannowbeintegratedintoeverydaytechnology.”Despitetheexcitement,challengesremain.Thenewmaterialiscurrentlyonlyproducedinsmall,fragilesamples,andscalingupproductionwillrequirefurtherinnovation.Additionally,thecompoundcontainshighlyreactivehydrogen,posingstabilitychallenges.Researchersareworkingonmodifyingthematerial’sstructuretoaddresstheseissues,aimingtocommercializeitwithinadecade.Asthescientificcommunitybuildsonthisdiscovery,theworldwatchesclosely.Aroom-temperaturesuperconductorisnotjustascientificachievement—itisagatewaytoamoreefficient,sustainablefuture.9.Whatisthemainadvantageofthenewsuperconductor?A.Itcanoperateinnormalconditions.B.Itismadeofmorecommonelements.C.Itisthefirstsuperconductoreverdiscovered.D.Itcanconductelectricitywithzeroresistance.10.Howcanthenewsuperconductorbenefittheenvironment?A.Byreducingtheneedforquantumcomputers.B.Bymakingfossilfuelpowerplantsoutofdate.C.Byreducingenergywasteandcarbonemissions.D.Byenablingmoreefficientrecyclingofmaterials.11.Whatwasakeystepintheresearch?A.Usinganewapproachtocreatethecompound.B.Replacinghydrogenwithamorestableelement.C.Coolingthematerialatextremelylowtemperatures.D.Developingacost-efficienttypeofquantumcomputer.1