大學(xué)英語四級寫作專題輔導(dǎo)

大學(xué)英語四級作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一、評分原則

1．CET檢查考生是否達(dá)到大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級和六級教學(xué)要求，對作文的評判應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。

2．CET作文題采用總體評分(GlobalScoring)方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(AwardScores)，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。

3．從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進(jìn)行綜合評判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。

4．避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分；該給低分給低分，包括零分。一名閱卷人員在所評閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。

5.字?jǐn)?shù)不足以應(yīng)酌情扣分。二、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1．本題滿分為15分

2．閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷一份。

3．閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對照樣卷評分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)(如8分)相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)(即8分)；若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)則可加一分(即9分)或減一分(即7分)。但不得加或減半分。

分?jǐn)?shù)檔4．評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2分

(33)—條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。

5分

(39)—基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。

8分

(45)—基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。

11分(57)—切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。

14分(67)—切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。

[注：白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想，則給0分。]

CET4寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高分作文基本要求：思想表達(dá)正確，語義連貫，無重大語言錯誤高分要求：★句型的多樣性★經(jīng)典詞組短語的運用★亮點詞匯寫作題型議論文1.主題型（topic）①健康對人類的幸福必不可少；②如何保持健康；③結(jié)論2.觀點對比型（A&B）①有人認(rèn)為，英語對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很重要；②另有人認(rèn)為，英語對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展沒有意義；③我的觀點說明文①很多人不注重日常衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣；②不注意衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣的后果；③如何解決這一問題寫作題型描寫文（圖表作文）①描寫圖表內(nèi)容（現(xiàn)象）；②分析現(xiàn)象的原因；③觀點或解決辦法應(yīng)用文（包括書信、便條、通知、海報等）①主題；②相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)；重申主題寫作原則內(nèi)容簡單化（“簡單”是指適合在30分鐘內(nèi)表達(dá)）結(jié)構(gòu)模式化（主題句-分論點-總結(jié)）語言要包裝錯誤要回避寫作技巧宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)◎三段式⑴開頭要開門見山，寫出主旨句；⑵段落內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+擴展句（+結(jié)尾句）微觀結(jié)構(gòu)◎?qū)W會遣詞造句⑴詞匯★準(zhǔn)確使用詞匯，在此基礎(chǔ)上盡量使用高級詞匯★多使用詞組、短語★恰當(dāng)運用過渡詞匯★避免多次重復(fù)使用同一詞匯，可以用同義詞或同根詞替代⑵句型★注意變化句式★簡單句復(fù)合句交叉使用★適當(dāng)使用插入語，倒裝句等◎恰當(dāng)使用修辭建議平時多注意收集有用詞匯句式注意模仿題目：Bicycles—AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina提綱：（1）為什么自行車在中國這樣普及

（2）和汽車的比較（3）自行車在中國的前途模板的提煉過程：思路和表達(dá)BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople---manandwoman,oldandyoung---ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.ThatiswhyChinaiscalled“thekingdomofbicycles”.單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤：manandwoman→menandwomen詞性錯誤：oldandyoung→theoldandtheyoung專有名詞：第一個和最后一個單詞首字母大寫，其他：實詞（名動形副代數(shù)）首字母大寫；虛詞（介連冠）首字母不大寫。2006.12Direction:

１．許多人喜歡在除夕夜觀看春節(jié)晚會

２．但有些人提出取消春節(jié)晚會．

３．我的看法．

句式提煉：BicyclesareverypopularinChina.詞性轉(zhuǎn)化：popular→popularityInChina,bicycles

havegainedwide/greatpopularityamongChinesepeople.2011-06現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)成為一種時尚Intherecentdecade,onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularityamongyoungsters.2010-06如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視單詞拼寫InChina,Englishlearninghasgainedwidepopularityamongstudents.However,…2009-12建設(shè)綠色校園很重要Inthecontemporarysociety,theconceptofgreencampuseshasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges.2009-06越來越多的博物館免費對外開放的目的是什么？Inthepresent-daysociety,freeadmissiontomuseumsisenjoyingwidepopularityamongChinesecitizens.2008-12一次性塑料袋曾經(jīng)廣泛的使用Duringthepastdecades,disposableplasticbagsgainedwidepopularityamongpeopleintheworld.

2008-06娛樂活動多種多樣Inthisdayandage,avarietyofrecreationalactivitieshavegainedwidepopularityamongindividuals.

BicyclesareverypopularinChina.→??Inmyeyes,youarethemostbeautiful.Inmyeyes,nooneismorebeautifulthanyou.高分句式結(jié)構(gòu)：No___is/aremore___than___.BicyclesareverypopularinChina.→InChina,nomeansoftransportismorepopularandimportantthanbicycles.我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起慢慢變老。？？高分句式：雙重否定句型：否定詞(no/not/never/nothing…)+有否定意義或否定前綴或否定后綴的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞、連詞等Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.—RalphWaldoEmersonNothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.—HeywoodNomanisuselessinthisworldwholightenstheburdenofsomeoneelse.—CharlesDickensTheword“impossible”isnotinmydictionary.—BonaparteNapoleon2011.12Directions:You'reallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftime.”You'dwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Outlines:1.堅強的意志是成功的重要保證。2.意志堅定的人才能完成偉大的使命。3.學(xué)生也是這樣，不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，終究不會成為有用之才。意志堅定的人才能完成偉大的使命?！鶳eoplecannot

accomplishgreatmissionswithout

astrongwill.→Noonecan

undertakeagreatmissionwithoutastrongwill.→Nomanisunlikelytohavebrilliantachievementswithanironwill.→Hewillnotsucceedwhowillnotpersevere.被動表達(dá)→No

greatmissioncanbeaccomplished

without

astrongwill.→Nosuccesscannotbeachievedwithanironwill.NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill

Nogreatworkcanbeperformedwithoutwill.Weenvyfamousmenandimaginethatfamewasduetosomestrokeofluck.Butwhenweknowtheirhistories,wefindthatitislongyearsofwillandconstanteffortthathavebroughtabouttheirsuccess.Justaswecan'treachthetopofamountainwithoutclimbing,wecan'tachievesuccesswithoutwill.

Themodernsocietyprovidespeoplewithmoreopportunitiesthanbefore,andtherearestorieswhichtellusthepossibilityofbecomingsuccessfulovernight.Actuallythatisnotthecase.Beforethesepeoplebecomesuccessful,alotofhardworkhasbeendone,unnoticedmostly.Whatweusuallyseeistheresult,butwhatweignoreisalongprocessofstrugglingforwardandwrestlingwithinternalorexternalobstacles.Take"quittingsmoking"forexample,whichis,tomostpeople,adifficulttask,sopeoplealwaysgiveuptheideafortheydon'thavethestrongwill.

Inanutshell,strongwillisanimportantconditionorroleofthesuccesstheindividualshoulddesiretomaintainforever.Thereisnoinstantsuccessinthisworld.Strongwillisthebestpolicytomakeyourlifedistinctandyourdreamscometrue.

高分句式：排比句式Icame;Isaw;Iconquered.—JuliusCaesarGovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.—AbrahamLincolnStudiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.—FrancisBacon

Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.—FrancisBacon排比句式Itcannotbedeniedthattechnologydoeshelpusalot.Internetprovidesuswitheasyaccesstovariousaspectsofknowledgeandinformation;mobilephonesmakeitmoreconvenientforustocommunicatewithoneanother;agrowingnumberofman-madesatelliteshavebeenlaunchedtoprobeintothesecretsoftheuniverse.Withouttechnology,theworldwouldstopdeveloping.Thatiswhyweshouldbeproudofadvancedscienceandtechnologyinthecontemporaryage.2009.12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建設(shè)綠色校園很重要

2.綠色校園不僅指綠色的環(huán)境......3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)該......1.建設(shè)綠色校園很重要Theconceptof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesecitizens.Almosteveryuniversityhas

beenawareoftheimportanceofbuildingagreencampus.Withoutgreenenvironmentitisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyable/agreeablelifeintheIvoryTower.Furthermore,agreencampusisofbenefittobroaden/consolidatestudents’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.CreatingaGreenCampus3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)該…Accordingly,itisimperative/urgentforustotakemeasurestomaintaingreencampuses.Foronething,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedouttobanthesenegativebehaviors.Foranother,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourclassmates,friendsandacquaintancestorefusealluncivilizedacts.Ifwedoourutmosttodoso,thefutureofourcollegelifewillbehopeful,promisingandrosy.友情提醒：高分句式靈活運用NowadaysEnglishlearningisverypopularinChina.→Inrecentdecades,Englishlearninghasgained/isenjoyingwidepopularityamongChinesestudents.NowadaysEnglishlearningismoreandmorepopularinChina.→Inrecentdecades,Englishlearninghasgained/isenjoyinggrowingpopularityamongChinesestudents.→Inrecentdecades,EnglishlearninghasfounditsgrowingpopularityamongChinesestudents.首段首尾句句式選擇（呼應(yīng)式寫法）1)___has/havegained(is/areenjoying)widepopularityamong___.2)___has/havefoundits/theirwayamong___.3)①Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendfor___to___.②Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendthat___.4)①Thereisagrowingtrendof___.②Thereisagrowingtrendthat___.

注：首句前加上適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間狀語2011-06現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)成為一種時尚Inthecontemporarysociety,onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld.Forthesakeofconvenience,agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday.Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforyoungsterstoshoponline.Inthecontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforyoungsterstoshoponline.Forthesakeofconvenience,agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday.Onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld.Inthecontemporarysociety,thereisagrowingtideofyoungstersshoppingonline.Forthesakeofconvenience,agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday.Onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld.2009-12建設(shè)綠色校園很重要Inthepresent-daysociety,theconceptof“GreenCampus”isenjoyingwidepopularityamonguniversities.WithoutgreenenvironmentitisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyableandagreeablelifeintheIvoryTower.

Thusithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforuniversitiestocreategreencampuses.2010-06如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視單詞拼寫Inrecentdecades,Englishlearninghasgainedwidepopularityamongstudents.Thereisagrowingtrend/tideoflearningEnglishinChina.However,…題目：MyViewonDoubleBADegree提綱：

1.現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生讀雙學(xué)位的現(xiàn)象很常見

2.對此，人們看法不一

3.我對這一現(xiàn)象的看法練筆MyviewonDoubleBADegreeInthecontemporarysociety,thesystemofdoublebachelor’sdegreehasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges.Onmanycampusesithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforstudentstohavetwomajorsatthesametime.Tothisphenomenon,differentstudentstakedivergentattitudes.Somestronglyapproveofitinthatadoublebachelor’sdegreecanbroadentheirvision,thus

puttingtheminamorefavorablepositioninthejob-seekingmarket.Onthecontrary,thosewhostandfirmlyopposedtoitalsohavecogentreasons.Foronething,twomajorsmakeitdifficultforthemtofocusononeparticularfield;foranother,theycanexpandtheirscopeofknowledgebyreadingextensivelyratherthanpursuingadoublebachelor’sdegree.Personally,Iamslightlynegativeaboutdoublebachelor’sdegree.Inthisdayandage,themoreskilledweareinonespecificrealm,thebetterwecanmeetthesociety’sneeds.

Accordingly,itisadvisablethatweshouldmakethemostofourcollegelifetoacquiremorespecializedknowledgeandskillstosetthestageforourfuture.

觀點對比型模板提煉Tothisphenomenon/issue,different___takedivergentattitudes.Somestrongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocateitinthat/as___.Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitcogently/convincinglycontendthat___.Tothisphenomenon/issue,different___takedivergentattitudes.Somewhostrongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocateitarecogentlyconvincedthat___.Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitcontendthat___.Tothisphenomenon/issue,different___takedivergentattitudes.Somestrongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocateit.Theyholdtheviewthat___.Moreover/Furthermore,___.Inaddition,___.Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitalsohavecogent/soundreasons.Foronething,___;foranother,___.(時間狀語),___has/havegained(is/areenjoying)widepopularityamong___.Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendfor___to___.Some___strongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocate___inthat/as_____.(Some___strongly/firmly/constantly