閱讀理解綜合訓(xùn)練（一）（考試時間：50分鐘試卷滿分：75分）甲閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2.5分，共37.5分）用時：25分鐘語篇體裁詞數(shù)話題命題亮點錯題統(tǒng)計錯誤原因總結(jié)A應(yīng)用文270可再生能源的類型與25全國I應(yīng)用文相似B記敘文337對紙質(zhì)書的深厚情感與偏愛倡導(dǎo)讀書C說明文314夜貓子可能更聰明考查思辨D科普說明文384處理微塑料垃圾與25年全國ID篇異曲同工AACLEAN,GREENENERGYFUTURENowadays,manycountriesaremakingtheimportantchangefromfossilfuelstoclean,greenandrenewablesourcesofenergy.Fossilfuelsproduceemissions,butrenewableenergysourcescauselimiteddamagetotheenvironment.Herearethemaintypesofrenewableenergy,withfactsandexamplesfromaroundtheworld.SolarSolarpanelsturnheatfromthesun’sraysintoelectricity,andsolarheatersusethatenergytoheatwaterdirectly.Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.HydropowerThepowerofwaterturnsturbineswhichproduceelectricity.Sinceancienttimes,watermillshavebeenusedalot.MostoftherenewableenergyinChinaesfromhydropowerplants,suchastheThreeGorgesDam,theworld’slargestpowerstation.GeothermalThishasbeenanaturalsourceofenergyforthousandsofyears.Today,heatfrombelowtheearth’ssurfaceheatswaterintosteamthatturnsturbinestogenerateelectricity.TheUSAhasthelargestcapacity,withover80%generatedinCalifornia.TheYangbajingPowerPlantisthelargestgeothermalplantinChina.WindTallturbinesareturnedbythewindtoproduceelectricity.Wind“farms”arebuiltonland,oroffshore,totakeadvantageofmorefrequentandpowerfulwindsatsea.Theworld’slargestwindfarmistheLondonArray.Ithas175windturbinesandis20kmoffthecoastofEngland.ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.WindfarmsinprovincessuchasGansuhaveanendlesswindsupply.1．Whichcountryisthetopinsolarcapacityworldwideaccordingtothepassage?A．China. B．Germany. C．TheUSA． D．England.2．WhichtypeofenergyinChinawillplaythegreatestroleinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?A．Solar. B．Hydropower. C．Wind. D．Geothermal.3．Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldthepassagebefound?A．Business. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Travel.BMyhusband,Haywood,reachedretirementageafter37yearsofteachingthissummer.IamexcitedtohavemoretimewiththepersonIlikebestintheworld.Theonlydownsidewashisstuff.Whatdoeshedowithallthebooks?Haywoodbroughthome,allthebooks,toahousealreadypiledupwiththebookspasseddownfromourparentsaftertheypassedaway.Everybookshelfinthehouse—andtherearealotofbookshelvesinthishouse—wasalreadystuffedbeyondmoving.Peoplehavebeenarguingthatprintisdead,orabouttobedead.Itisnotdeadinthishouse.Wewriteinbooks.Wefoldpagesandunderlinepassagesanddrawlittlestarsattheedgesofthepages.Beforetheobjectionsbegin,letmesaythatIam100percentinfavorofeverykindofreadingthereis:ebooks,audiobooks,Braillebooks,graphicbooks,younameit.Nevertheless.IwillalwayspreferabookIcanholdinmyhand,thekindthatsmellsofpaperandglue.Thematerialfeelofitpleasesme.Forme,abookmadeofpaperwillalwaysbeabeautifulobjectthatwarmsaroomevenasitexpands(orentertains,orchallenges,orinforms,orforts)amind,andabookcasewillalwaysrepresenttimeitself.Iwalkpastoneofourbookcases,andIcantellyouexactlywhyaparticularbookisstillthere,neverremovedasspacegrewlimited.WhenIrereadabookfrommyownshelves,Imeetmyownyoungerself.IamwhatIhavereadfarmoresurelythanIamwhatIhaveeaten.Bylookingatourbookshelves,Icantellyouwhomyhusbandwas,too.OurbooksensurethatIamstillsurroundedbyalltheselvesIhaveeverbeen,andalltheselvesmyhusbandhasbeen.Ipreferthemessyshelves,thefoldedpages,thenoteswritteninafamiliarhand.4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheHaywoodfamily?A．Theypushreadingbroadly. B．Theyshowofftheirbooks,C．Theyshouldlimittheirbooks. D．Theyhaveareadingtradition.5．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsebooks?A．Supportive. B．Grateful. C．Passionate. D．Curious.6．Whycanpaperbookswarmaroomaccordingtotheauthor?A．Theycalmpeople’smind. B．Theyholdemotionalmemories.C．Theydecoratetheroomwell. D．Theyimprovethefamilyrelation.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MyBooks,MyMoods B．MyBookshelf,MyselfC．MyTietoMyHusband D．MyPreferencetoPrintBooksCTheideathatnightowlswhodon’tgotobeduntiltheearlyhoursstruggletogetanythingdoneduringthedaymayhavetoberevised.Itturnsoutthatstayinguplatecouldbegoodforourbrainpowerasresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoidentifyasnightowlscouldbesharperthanthosewhogotobedearly.ResearchersledbyacademicsatImperialCollegeLondonstudieddatafromtheUKBiobankstudyonmorethan26,000peoplewhohadpletedintelligence,reasoning,reactiontimeandmemorytests.Theythenexaminedhowparticipants’sleepduration,quality,andchronotypeaffectedbrainperformance.Theyfoundthatthosewhostayuplateandthoseclassedas“intermediate”had“superiorcognitivefunction”,whilemorninglarkshadthelowestscores.Goingtobedlateisstronglyassociatedwithcreativetypes.Artists,authorsandmusiciansknowntobenightowlsincludeJamesJoyceandLadyGaga.ButwhilepoliticianslikeBarackObamafamouslyseemedtothriveonlittlesleep,thestudyfoundthatsleepdurationisimportantforbrainfunction,withthosegettingbetweensevenandninehoursofshuteyeeachnightperformingbestincognitivetests.ProfDaqingMa,thecoleaderofthestudy,added,“Wefoundthatsleepdurationhasadirecteffectonbrainfunction,andwebelievethatactivelymanagingsleeppatternsisreallyimportantforboostingandsafeguardingthewayourbrainswork.We’dideallyliketoseepolicyinterventionstohelpsleeppatternsimproveinthegeneralpopulation.”Someexperts,however,urgedcautionininterpretingthefindings.JessicaChelekis,asleepexpertatBrunelUniversityLondon,saidtherewere“importantlimitations”tothestudyastheresearchdidnotaccountforeducationattainment,orincludethetimeofdaythecognitivetestswereconductedintheresults.Themainvalueofthestudywaschallengingstereotypesaroundsleep,sheadded.8．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewresearch?A．Itadvocatesanewtrendofsleeppatterns. B．Itrevealsmostnightowlshavesharpbrains.C．Itsuggestsstayingupenhancesbrainpower. D．Itchallengesmonbeliefaboutnightowls.9．WhyareJamesJoyceandLadyGagamentionedinparagraph2?A．Toprovideexamplesofintermediatepeople.B．Tosuggestmostsuccessfulartistsarenightowls.C．Toproveartistshavesuperiorcognitivefunction.D．Toshowthelinkbetweenlatehoursandcreativity.10．WhichstatementwillProfDaqingMaprobablyagreewith?A．Allsleeplengthsequallyimprovebrainfunction.B．Parentsshouldn’tintervenechildren’ssleeppattern.C．Schoolsshouldstartlatertofitteens’bodyclocks.D．Sleepdurationismoreimportantthansleepquality.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?A．Objective. B．Skeptical C．Appreciative D．CriticalDTinybitsofplastic,calledmicroplastics,pollutetheairandourfood.Plasticbitshavebeenfoundeverywherefromourbodiestoadolphin’sbreath.That’swhyscientistskeeplookingforwaystohandlethem.Now,they’vediscoveredanewstrategy.Bacteria(細(xì)菌)moninwastewatercanbreakdownatypeofplastic—PET.ThatfindingcouldinformnewwaystocleanupPETpollution.Scientistshavelongknownamonas,akindofmicrobe(微生物),growonplasticsinwater.ThatgotLudmillaAristilde,abiochemist,wonderingifthemicrobesusePETasfood.PETistheworld’smostwidelyusedplastic.Some56milliontonsofitismadeeachyear—mostlyforpolyesterclothing,waterandsodabottles,andthepackagingofmanystoreboughtgoods.ThatleadstoalotofPETpollution.TinypiecesofPETeoutofpolyesterclotheswhenthey’rewashed—andflowthroughwatertreatmentplantsintowaterways.BitsofPETalsogetintowaterwaysasplasticbottlesandotherPETpackagingbreakdownintheenvironment.Inpastwork,Aristildediscoveredthatonestrainofamonascouldbreakdownringsofcarbonatomsinlaundrydetergent(洗滌劑).Thosecarbonrings,shenotes,weresimilartotheonesfoundinplastics.HerewasacluethatthemicrobesmaybeabletobreakdownPETaswell.Aristilde’steamgrewamonasinthelabrecently.ThentheyplacedthemicrobesinaliquidfilledcontainerforamonthwithtinybitsofPET.Afterward,theylookedatthesurfaceoftheplasticwithaspecialscanningmicroscope,whichcancreateverydetailedimagesofsurfaces.Theteamfoundnanoparticles(納米顆粒)ofPETnowfloatedinthewater.Attheendofthemonth,morethanthreetimesasmanynanobitswereinthewaterasbefore.ThisshowedthatthebacteriahadbeendepoundingthePET.ThebacteriaalsomultipliedfasterwhentheyhadPETavailable.Thatsuggeststheywereusingcarbonmoleculesfromtheplasticbitsasfood.RenWei,abiochemist,saysthetinyorganismseatsupertinyamountsofplastic.HeaddsthattherateatwhichtheyconsumePETisfartooslowtoremovemuchofthevastamountsthatentertheenvironmenteachyear.12．Whyisadolphin’sbreathmentionedinparagraph1?A．Toshowplasticpollutionisawidespreadproblem.B．Todisplaytheharmfuleffectofmicroplasticsonseacreatures.C．Toprovemicroplasticscanexistinwastewaterforalongtime.D．Toillustratethestrongabilityofdolphinstodetectmicroplastics.13．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．WideusesofPETinlife. B．BasicfunctionsofPET.C．VarioussourcesofPETpollution. D．MaincharacteristicsofPETpollution.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depounding”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Takingover. B．Searchingfor. C．Shelteringfrom. D．Breakingapart.15．What’sRenWei’sattitudetousingthemicrobetocleanupPETpollution?A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.乙閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2.5分，共37.5分）用時：25分鐘語篇體裁詞數(shù)話題命題亮點錯題統(tǒng)計錯誤原因總結(jié)A應(yīng)用文327人類對地球磁場的認(rèn)識與25全國ID篇命題思想相同，跨學(xué)科綜合B記敘文324克服恐懼成功演講突出心理描寫C說明文309微型森林的作用環(huán)境保護(hù)D議論文345技術(shù)突破利弊共存考查思辨能力AINCONTEXTBRANCHGeologyBEFORE6thcenturyBCETheGreekthinkerThalesofMiletusnotesmagneticrocks,orlodestones(天然磁石).1stcenturyCEChinesedivinersmakeprimitivepasseswithironspoonthatcanturnaroundtopointsouth,1269FrenchscholarPierredeMaricourtsetsoutthebasiclawsofmagneticattraction,repulsion,andpoles.AFTER1824FrenchmathematicianSiméonPoissonmodelstheforcesinamagneticfield.1940sAmericanphysicistWalterMauriceElsasserattributesEarth’smagneticfieldtoironswirlinginitsoutercoreastheplanetrotates.1958Explorer1spacemissionshowsEarth’smagneticfieldextendingfaroutintospace.Bythelate1500s,ships’captainsalreadyreliedonmagneticpassestomaintaintheircourseacrosstheoceans.Yetnooneknewhowtheyworked.SomethoughtthepassneedlewasattractedtotheNorthStar,othersthatitwasdrawntomagneticmountainsintheArctic.ItwasEnglishphysicianWilliamGilbertwhodiscoveredthatEarthitselfismagnetic.Strongerreasonsareobtainedfromsureexperimentsanddemonstratedargumentsthanfromprobableconjectures(推測)andtheopinionsofphilosophicalspeculators.WilliamGilbertGilbert’sbreakthroughcamenotfromaflashofinspiration,butfrom17yearsofcarefulexperiments.Helearnedallhecouldfromships’captainsandpassmakers,andthenhemadeamodelglobe,or“terrella”outofthemagneticrocklodestoneandtestedpassneedlesagainstit.Theneedlesreactedaroundtheterrellajustasships’passesdidonalargerscale—showingthesamepatternsofdeclination(pointingslightlyawayfromtruenorthatthegeographicpole,whichdiffersfrommagneticnorth)andinclination(tiltingdownfromthehorizontaltowardtheglobe).Gilbertconcluded,rightly,thattheentireplanetisamagnetandhasacoreofiron.HepublishedhisideasinthebookDeMagnete(OntheMagnet)in1600,causingadsensation.JohannesKeplerandGalileo,inparticular,wereinspiredbyhissuggestionthatEarthisnotfixedtorotatingcelestialspheres,asmostpeoplestillthought,butismadetospinbytheinvisibleforceofitsownmagnetism.1．Beforethe16hcentury,howdidcaptainsnavigateacrossoceans?A．TheNorthStarnavigatedtheirships.B．Theforcesinamagneticfieldattractedtheships.C．Magneticpasseshelpedthemmaintainthecourse.D．ThemagneticmountainsintheArcticguidedtheirjourney.2．HowdidWilliamGilbertfindoutthefactthatEarthitselfismagnetic?A．Throughtrialsanderrors.B．Byacquiringsomeflashinspiration.C．Bystudyingtheideasofsomephilosophers.D．Throughsomepersonalphilosophicalspeculation.3．WhichofthefollowingstatementmightGalileoagreewith?A．Theearthstaysmovable.B．Theearthhasitsownmagneticfield.C．Gilbert’sfindingsandconclusionsaresensational.D．Gilbertsuccessfullyrefutedthelawsofmagneticattraction.BEmma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadymitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.WhenshewasinvitedtodelivertheopeningspeechattheannualSerenityBookFestival—aneventtoosignificanttodecline—heranxietyrose.Oliver,abrightandconsiderateboywhofrequentedthelibrary,quicklysensedEmma’sdepression.Havingalwaysadmiredherwarmthanddevotion,Oliverapproachedherwithagentlesmile.“Whydon’tweovereourfearlikeheroesinthem?”hesuggestedkindly,pointingtothebooksontheshelf.Movedbytheboy’scourage,Emmaagreedsoftly,“Alright,let’sgiveitatry!”Witheachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.Asthefestivalapproached,Emmapracticedbeforesmallgroups,thenlargerones,steadilyimproving.Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.Noticingherconcern,Oliverremindedherhowmuchshehadimproved.Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarystaff,whoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.Tearsofjoyfilledhereyes,notjustfromrelief,butfromtheoverwhelmingsupportandrecognitionfrombothOliverandtheaudience.Emmatookafinalhowastheapplausedieddown,feelingawarmthinherheart.Sheknewshecouldfacewhatevercamenext.4．WhatwastheproblemwithEmma?A．Ittroubledhertohostanevent.B．Shewasafraidtospeakinpublic.C．Shefounditdifficulttostaycalm.D．Itwashardforhertofundthefestival.5．WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Langston’sletter?A．ItmadeEmmamuchmoreanxious.B．ItencouragedEmmatobeconfident.C．IttaughtEmmathetechniquesofspeaking.D．ItinvitedEmmatothecelebrationofthefestival.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEmma?A．Humbleandcapable. B．Carefulandsuccessful.C．Anxiousandambitious. D．Determinedandmitted.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheLibrarian’sSecret:ATaleofHiddenFearsB．Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplauseC．Oliver’sAdvice:AStoryofFriendshipandSupportD．TheSerenityBookFestival:ACelebrationofLiteratureCLikealiteralbreathoffreshair,socalled“microforests”representagreenpractice,boostingthequalityoflifeinmanyoftheworld’spollutedandovercrowdedurbancenters.Thesesmallareasofdensely(稠密地)plantedwoodlandtrees,alsoknownasminiforestsorpocketforests,allowmunitiestomanagetheeffectsofclimatechangeinasmallway,butofferenormousbenefitstotheenvironmentandlocalpeople,astheyrestoresoil,airandwaterquality.Theseminiforestsareprovingamagnetforvariousanimalandplantspecies,whichofferhumanbeingsthechancetolearnmoreaboutnature.Magicallybeingselfsustainingovertime,theyareawaytomakereimaginedurbanlifeareality.Significantly,miniforests,asoneoftheirnonprofitfacilitatorsSUGioutlines,servetobuildsocialbondsinmunitiesaswell,astheyetogethertoenjoyandsustainnewnaturalsettings.Theycanalsoregenerateandbeautifyneglected(被忽視的)plotsincitiessuchasformerbasketballcourts,anddisusedparkinglotsandplaygrounds,forinstance.AccordingtotheUN’sStateoftheWorld’sForestsReportfrom2020,over440millionhectares(公頃)offoresthavebeenlosttootherusessince1990.Now,morethanhalfoftheglobalpopulationlivesinurbanareas,buttheaccesstogreenspacesislimited.Thegoodnewsisthatmicroforestsincitiescanofferanimportantchancetofightagainstdeforestationandenlargegreenspaces.EuroNewsdetailssomeofthemanyexcitingmicroforeststhathavetakenrootglobally.NonprofitEarthwatchEurope,forinstance,hasplanted285ofthemsince2022.Theirplotsaremadeupof600trees.Atreeplantingprogramaimingtorestorebiodiversityandreintroducenativespecies,SUGi,hascreated230pocketforestsin52citiesaroundtheworld,fromToulouseinFrance,toMadridinSpain,andSaintGeorgeinRomania.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnet”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Somethingartificial. B．Somethingsimplified.C．Somethinginnovative. D．Somethingappealing.9．Howdomicroforestsbenefitacityaccordingtothetext?A．Theyreducetrafficjams. B．Theyimproveurbanlanduse.C．Theypopularizesportsactivities. D．Theyensurecitizens’privacy.10．Whatisthedatainparagraph4intendedtostress?A．Thefastpaceofurbanization. B．Theneedtocontrolpopulations.C．Theimportanceofmicroforests, D．Theharmcausedbydeforestation.11．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Planstofurtherpromotemicroforests. B．Benefitsofsustainingmicroforests.C．Examplesofcreatingmicroforestsincities. D．Policiesaboutmicroforestpreservation.DSincethedawnofhumanhistory,innovationhasbeenabalancingactofwonderandfear.Fromthediscoveryoffiretothefirstflightsofairplanes,eachtechnologicalbreakthroughhaspromisedtoenhancehumanabilitieswhilesimultaneously(同時)causingrisks.Firecouldwarmusordestroyus;airplanescouldconnectusorbeturnedintotoolsofwar.Yetthroughalltheseadvancements,oneconstanthasremained:humancognition(認(rèn)知),theuniquesparkofthoughtandcreativitythathasshapedourprogress.Buttoday,somethingisdifferent.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,humancognitionitselfisatriskofbeingoutofdate.Withtheriseofartificialintelligence(AI),we