定語從句一、Whatistheattribute?定語：給所修飾的名詞（人、物）下定義Eg：Maryisagoodteacher.瑪麗一個好老師。（什么樣的老師）？——一個好的老師）用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。漢語翻譯中常用，“......的”表示。定語的種類前置定語后置定語Whatistheattributeclause?（什么是定語從句？）用來修飾限定名詞或者代詞的句子就是定語從句，翻譯過來為“……的”。Marylikesthebook(thatisfullofgoodstories).被修飾的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句定語從句譯文：瑪麗喜歡這本（滿是好故事的）書。被修飾的名詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞定語從句Johnlikestheschoolbag

whichwasboughtbyhisfatheraspresent.

定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：

先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子觀察下列例句，總結(jié)出定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why

關(guān)系代詞（主語/賓語/定語）關(guān)系副詞（狀語）關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先行詞；在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，關(guān)系詞可以分為：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。語法規(guī)則一

先行詞為人，在定語從句中做主語，連接詞用who,that,不能省略

Thisis

theboy.Theboyhasbeenstudyingabroadforfouryears.Thisis

theboywhohasbeenstudyingabroadforfouryears.Theboys_______areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_______losthisway.who/thatwho/thatAtaLosAngelesspeakingmeeting,shemetJeremyPower,afilmmaker

sharedapassionforhumanitariancausesandstorytelling.We’veraisedagenerationofchildrenarenowmakingadifferenceintheworldwho/thatwho/thatJohnCarr,aBritishbiochemist________wasnotinvolved

inthestudy,tellsCNN.who/thatThereisnothingmorecalmingthanspendingqualitytimewithanotherhumanbeing

makesyoufeelsafeandunderstood.who語法規(guī)則二

先行詞為物，在定語從句中做主語，連接詞用which,that,不能省略

Hewasadmittedintoauniversity.Theuniversitywasfoundedin1955.Hewasadmittedintoauniversitywhich/thatwasfoundedin1955.語法規(guī)則二

先行詞為物，在定語從句中做主語，連接詞用which,that,不能省略

Thepipehascausedalotofwaterwaste.Thepipewasbrokenyesterday.Thepipewhich/thatwasbrokenyesterdayhascausedalotofwaterwaste.Herstoryisthelatestchapterinatradition__________begannearlysixtyyearsago.Replacethesewayswithhealthyones___________workinthelongrun.Americanscientistshavealreadymadeplants__________sendoutagreenishglow.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatAteamofChineseresearchersledbybiologistShutingLiuhasjustgoneevenfurther,creatingthefirstbrightest-everglowingplants

cangiveofflightofmanycolors.Exerciseproducesendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)

makeyoufeelgoodandalsoservesasavaluabledistractionfromyourdailyworries.which/thatthat語法規(guī)則三

先行詞為人，在定語從句中做動詞賓語，連接詞用who,whom,that,可以省略

ChairmanMaoisagreatperson.WerespectChairmanMaoChairmanMaowho/that/whom/\werespectisagreatperson.語法規(guī)則三

先行詞為人，在定語從句中做動詞賓語，連接詞用who,whom,that,可以省略

Theresidentsisnowinthehospital.Theyrescuedtheresidentsfromthefire.Theresidentswho/whom/that/\theyrescuedfromthefireisnowinthehospital.Mr.Liuistheperson_______________youtalkedabout.Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.Whereistheman_______________Isawthismorning?Mr.Wu,________________everybodyadmires,isgoingtogiveusatalkonchemistry.whom/who/that/\whom/who/that/\that/whom/who/\that/whom/who/\語法規(guī)則四

先行詞為物，在定語從句中做動詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略

Thisisthebook.Ineedthebookbadly.Thisisthebookwhich/that/\Ineedbadly.語法規(guī)則四

先行詞為物，在定語從句中做動詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略

Ishallneverforgetthedays.IspentthedaysinBeijing.Ishallneverforgetthedayswhich/that/\IspentinBeijing.Thisisthepen___________heboughtyesterday.In2006,MaggieDoyneusedthe$5,000____________shehadmadebyworkingasababysittertobuyanacreoflandinNepal.Thisisapowerfulearthquake___________Ihaveeverexperienced.Acceptancemaybedifficult,butinthelongterm,it’seasierthanfightingasituationyoucan’tchange.ComparingtheChinawevisitedwiththeChinaoftodayshowsadramaticchangewhich/that/\which/that/\which/that/\語法規(guī)則五

先行詞為人，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用who,whom,that,可以省略Thisistheperson.Youcanturntothepersonforhelp.Thisisthepersonwho/whom/\youcanturnto

forhelp.也可以變成:介詞+whom

Thisisthepersontowhomyoucanturnforhelp.語法規(guī)則五

先行詞為人，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用who,whom,that,可以省略Heistheperson.Youcandependontheperson.Heisthepersonwho/whom/\youcandependon.也可以變成:介詞+whom

Heisthepersononwhomyoucandepend.Wequestionedthepilot.Welearnedagreatdealfromthepilot.Wequestionedthepilotwho/whom/\welearnedagreatdealfrom.→Wequestionedthepilotfromwhomwelearnedagreatdeal.→Dadistheperson.Icantalkwiththepersoneasily.Dadisthepersonwho/whom/\Icantalkwith

easily.→DadisthepersonwithwhomIcantalkeasily.→Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorningwho/whomIhavelosttouchwithforalmost20years.Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorning.Ihavelosttouchwithmyprimaryschoolteacherforalmost20years.→→IcameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorningwithwhomIhavelosttouchwithforalmost20years.語法規(guī)則六

先行詞為物，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjin.IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbestamongtheattractions.ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjinwhich/that/\IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbestamong.也可以變成:介詞+which

ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjinamongwhichIliketheAncientCulturalStreetbestamong.語法規(guī)則六

先行詞為物，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略Iboughtagreatmanybooks.Ispentallmymoneyonthebooks.Iboughtagreatmanybookswhich/that

Ispentallmymoneyon.也可以變成:介詞+which

IboughtagreatmanybooksonwhichIspentallmymoney.Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen.Wecannotlivewithoutthegas.Thecolorlessgaswhich/that/\

wecannotliveiscalledoxygenwithout.→Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.→AIapplicationisoneofthetopics.Peopletalkaboutthetopicsnow.AIapplicationisoneofthetopicswhich/\

peopletalkaboutnow.→AIapplicationisoneofthetopicsaboutwhichpeopletalknow.→Antarcticwhich/that/\

weknowverylittleabout

iscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.Antarcticiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.Weknowverylittleabout

Antarctic.

→→Antarcticaboutwhichweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.語法規(guī)則六

先行詞為地點，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略Thisisthelibrary.Weoftenreadbooksafterschoolinthelibrary.Thisisthelibrarywhich/that/\

weoftenreadbooksafterschoolin.也可以變成:介詞+which

Thisisthelibraryinwhichweoftenreadbooksafterschool.=where

Thisisthelibrarywhereweoftenreadbooksafterschool.Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternet.Theycanfindsomeusefulresourcesontheinternet.Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternetwhich/that/\theycanfindsomeusefulresourceson.→Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternetonwhichtheycanfindsomeusefulresources.→→Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternetwheretheycanfindsomeusefulresources.→She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituationinwhichshe’slikelytoloseherlife.→→She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituationwhereshe’slikelytoloseherlife.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituationwhich/that/\she’slikelytoloseherlifein.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituation.She’slikelytoloseherlifeinthesituation.語法規(guī)則六

先行詞為時間，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略Hewillneverforgettheday.Hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversityontheday.也可以變成:介詞+which

=when

Hewillneverforgetthedaywhich/that/\hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversityon.Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.Hewillneverforgetthedaywhenhewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.October1,1949wasanunforgettableday.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedontheday.October1,1949wasanunforgettabledaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasanunforgettabledayonwhichthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasanunforgettabledaywhich/that/\thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedon.→→→I’llneverforgetthetime.Ispentmychildhoodinthecountryduringthetime.I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhich

Ispentmychildhoodinthecountry.→→→I’llneverforgetthetimewhich/that/\

Ispentmychildhoodinthecountryduring.I’llneverforgetthetimewhenIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.語法規(guī)則六

先行詞為reason，在定語從句中做介詞賓語，連接詞用which,that,可以省略Thisisthereason.Hewaslateforthemeetingforthereason.也可以變成:for+which

=why

Thisisthereasonwhich/that/\hewaslateforthemeetingfor.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslateforthemeeting.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslateforthemeeting.Thereason_______hewaslateforthemeetingwas________hislittlesonfellillthismorning.Isthatthereasonforwhich

youareinfavoroftheproposal.→→→Isthatthereasonwhyyouareinfavoroftheproposal.Isthatthereasonwhich/that/\youareinfavoroftheproposalfor.Isthatthereason?Youareinfavoroftheproposalforthereason.Doyouknowthereasonforwhichthevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredicted?Doyouknowthereason?Thevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredictedforthereason.→Doyouknowthereasonwhich/that/\thevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredicted?→Doyouknowthereasonwhythevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredicted?→語法規(guī)則七

先行詞為人或者物，在定語從句中做定語，連接詞用whose,不能省略。Helivesinahouse.Thehouse’swindowsfacesouth.Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.HelivesinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouthHelivesinahouse.Thewindowsofthehousefacesouth.→DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirlwhose

lifewasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirl.Thegirl’slifewasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirl.Thelifeofthegirlwasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.→DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirlthelifeofwhomwasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.HuberandotherresearchersfromtheUniversityofTartu’sInstituteofComputerSciencedemonstrated

agroundbreakingnovel

approach:turningoutdatedsmartphonesintomicrodatacenters,thebuildingofwhichisinexpensive,around8eurosperdevice.→HuberandotherresearchersfromtheUniversityofTartu’sInstituteofComputerSciencedemonstrated

agroundbreakingnovel

approach:turningoutdatedsmartp