Mankinddesirestoexploretheuniverseinthehopeofknowingmoreaboutit.Asaresult,manysatelliteshavebeenlaunched,orbitingaroundEarth.Astronautshavebeensentintospacebyspacecraftandcarriedonspacewalks.Theydoexperimentsonboard,collectingsufficientdata.Meanwhile,somedatacanbetransmittedtoEarth.However,asaresultoflimitedresources,therearestillmanymysteriesintheuniverse.Inclosing,peopleshouldattachimportancetotheexplorationofspacetofigureoutunknownproblems.Part1ListeningandSpeaking—DiscoveringUsefulStructures閱讀單詞1.astronautn.宇航員;太空人2.rocket n.火箭;火箭彈3.gravity n.重力;引力4.frontier n.邊境;國界;邊遠地區(qū)5.vehicle n.交通工具;車輛6.satellite n.人造衛(wèi)星;衛(wèi)星7.orbit n.(環(huán)繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道;勢力范圍

vt.&vi.沿軌道運行;環(huán)繞……運行8.leap n.跳躍;劇增;劇變vi.&vt.跳過;躍過9.mankind n.人類10.agency n.(政府的)專門機構(gòu);服務(wù)機構(gòu);代理處11.data n.[pl.]資料;數(shù)據(jù)12.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飛船13.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的時間14.jade n.玉;翡翠;玉器15.module n.艙;組件;模塊16.muscle n.肌肉;實力;影響力17.solar adj.太陽的;太陽能的核心單詞1.proceduren.程序;步驟;手續(xù)2.cm abbr.厘米3.launch vt.&n.發(fā)射;發(fā)起;上市4.giant adj.巨大的;偉大的 n.巨人;巨獸;偉人5.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望6.signal vt.&vi.標(biāo)志著;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號 n.信號;標(biāo)志7.recycle vt.回收利用;再利用8.float vi.浮動;漂流;漂浮 vt.使浮動;使漂流9.otherwise adv.否則;要不然10.beyond prep.在更遠處;超出運用詞匯1.mentaladj.精神的;思想的→mentallyadv.精神上;智力上;思想上2.intelligentadj.有智慧的;聰明的;有智力的→intelligencen.智力;才智;智慧→intelligentlyadv.聰明地;明智地3.determinedadj.有決心的;意志堅定的→determinevt.查明;確定;決定→determinationn.決心;決定;確定4.transmitvt.&vi.傳輸;發(fā)送→transmissionn.(無線電、電視等信號的)播送,發(fā)送5.disappointmentn.失望;沮喪→disappointvt.使失望;使沮喪→disappointedadj.失望的;沮喪的→disappointingadj.令人失望的;令人沮喪的6.universen.宇宙;天地萬物→universaladj.普遍的;全世界的;共同的→universallyadv.普遍地;到處7.independentlyadv.獨立地;自立地→independentadj.獨立的;自立的→independencen.獨立;自主→dependvi.依靠8.lackn.缺乏;短缺vt.沒有;缺乏→lackingadj.短缺的;不足的9.currentadj.當(dāng)前的;現(xiàn)在的n.水流;電流;思潮→currentlyadv.現(xiàn)時;當(dāng)前→currencyn.通貨;貨幣;流行10.sufficientadj.足夠的;充足的→sufficientlyadv.充分地;足夠地→sufficiencyn.足量;充足→insufficientadj.不充分的;不夠重要的重點詞塊1.lookup仰望;查閱2.determine/bedeterminedtodosth決定/決心做某事3.succeedindoingsth 成功做某事4.focuson 集中注意力于5.onboard 在宇宙飛船上;在船上;在飛機上6.makesure 確保;確信;查明;弄清楚7.gowrong 出故障8.believein 相信;信任9.carryon 繼續(xù)做;堅持干10.makegreatprogress 取得很大的進步11.inthehopeofdoingsth 抱著……的希望12.soasto(dosth) 為了;以便

13.figureout 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白重點句型1.之后,蘇聯(lián)專注于載人太空飛行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人。Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtoenterspace.2.這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面臨巨大的風(fēng)險。Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.3.盡管困難重重,科學(xué)家們希望能有更多有價值的發(fā)現(xiàn),使得人類延續(xù)生存,直到未來。Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopetomakemorevaluablediscoveriesthatwillenablethehumanracetosurvivewellintothefuture.1.主題語境:人與社會——了解太空探索的發(fā)展歷程2.語篇類型:科普3.課文內(nèi)容分析:本文主要介紹了太空探索事業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及中國對太空探索做出的貢獻和成就。本文一方面幫助學(xué)生了解人類為探索浩瀚的宇宙付出的努力(包括宇航員在探索過程中付出的生命代價,但是失敗和挫折未能阻止人類探索太空的腳步);另一方面幫助學(xué)生了解我國在太空探索領(lǐng)域取得的輝煌成就以及對人類太空探索事業(yè)的貢獻,從而堅定文化自信,增強愛國情懷和民族自豪感。閱讀本文,有利于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹立遠大志向,刻苦學(xué)習(xí),為中國未來的航天事業(yè)貢獻自己的力量。答案:1.gress5.future()1.WhatcanbeinferredfromNeilArmstrong’swords?A.NeilArmstronghasmadeunbelievableachievements.B.Itiseasyforhimtostepontothesurfaceofthemoon.C.Humanbeingshavemadeagreatbreakthroughinhistory.D.Inexploringspace,theUSachievedmorethantheUSSR.()2.HowisParagraph2organised?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bycomparison.C.Bylistingnumbers. D.Bytellingastory.()3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thehistoryandfutureofspaceexploration.B.Theaccidentsinspaceexploration.C.Theimportanceofspaceexploration.D.Thevehiclesusedinspaceexploration.答案:1.C2.A3.A1.However,scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethatdream.然而,科學(xué)家們決意要實現(xiàn)這個夢想。★determinedadj.有決心的;意志堅定的determinevt.查明;確定;決定determinationn.決心;決定;確定Determinedtostudyhard,hedugaholeinthewallto“steal”lightfromhisneighbourtoreadatnight.他決心努力學(xué)習(xí),在墻上挖了一個洞,從鄰居家“偷”光以便晚上讀書。Hewasdeterminedtobuildanewlifeoutoftheruinsofhiscareer.他決心從事業(yè)失敗中爬起來,重新開始新的生活。Withadeterminedeffort,theyfinishedthethree-daytaskinasingleday.他們經(jīng)過堅定的努力在一天內(nèi)完成了三天的任務(wù)。[備用例句]①Asastudentinseniorhighschool,themostimportanttaskistostudyhard,whichdeterminesourfuture.作為一名高中生,最重要的任務(wù)是努力學(xué)習(xí),這決定著我們的未來。②Weatlastdeterminedonthisproblem.我們終于決定了這個問題?！edetermined(not)todosth決心(不)做某事(表示狀態(tài))bedeterminedthat...決心……·determinetodosth決定做某事(表示動作)determineon/upon(doing)sth決定(做)某事·withdetermination堅決地;果斷地(1)句子語法填空①Wedetermined(work)twiceashardasbeforetomakeupforthelosttime.

②Hehasdeterminedworkingasavolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.

③The(determine)lookintheireyestoldusthatnothingcouldmakethemchangetheirminds.

(2)完成句子④桑德拉決心成為一名醫(yī)生,并且她的堅持不懈得到了回報。(應(yīng)用文寫作·人物介紹)Sandraandherpersistencepaidoff.

⑤正是那種勇氣和決心使他成為這樣一個非凡的人物。(讀后續(xù)寫·主題升華句)It’sthatmakeshimsucharemarkablecharacter.

答案:(1)①towork②on/upon③determined(2)④wasdeterminedtobecomeadoctor⑤thatkindofcourageanddeterminationIamdeterminedtopursuemydreams,nomatterhowdifficulttheymayseem.Ihavedeterminedonapaththatleadstosuccess,andIwillnotgiveup.Mydeterminationisunshakable,andIamdeterminedthatIwillachievemygoals.我決心追求我的夢想,不管它們看起來有多困難。我已決心走上一條通往成功的道路,我不會放棄。我的決心是不可動搖的,我決心要實現(xiàn)我的目標(biāo)。2.However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而,雖然這些災(zāi)難帶來了許多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨滅?！鬱isappointmentn.失望;沮喪disappointvt.使失望;使沮喪disappointedadj.失望的;沮喪的disappointingadj.令人失望的;令人沮喪的Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.當(dāng)雙胞胎失望地環(huán)顧四周時,他們的父親出現(xiàn)了。Toherdisappointment,herbestfrienddidn’tcometoherbirthdayparty.令她失望的是,她最好的朋友沒有參加她的生日派對。[備用例句]①Iamafraidyouareverydisappointedat/with/bymyoldbike.恐怕你對我的舊自行車非常不滿意吧。②Weweredisappointedtolearnthatyoucouldnotcome.聽說你不能來,我們感到失望。③Jackseemstothinkthisyear’sbasketballseasonwillbedisappointing.杰克似乎認為今年的籃球賽季會令人失望?！oone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地·bedisappointedat/with/bysth對某事感到失望bedisappointedin/withsb對某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth對做某事感到失望bedisappointedthat...對……感到失望(1)一句多譯令他們失望的是,他們第一次嘗試就沒能做好母親節(jié)的早餐。(讀后續(xù)寫·情感描寫)①,theyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(介詞短語作狀語)

②wasthattheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句)

③TheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt,.(非限制性定語從句)

(2)翻譯句子④我們失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)博物館關(guān)門了。

⑤湯姆沒來,她無法掩飾失望之情。

答案:(1)①Totheirdisappointment②Whatmadethemdisappointed/Whatdisappointedthem③whichmadethemdisappointed/whichdisappointedthem(2)④Weweredeeplydisappointedtofindthatthemuseumwasclosed.⑤Shecouldn’thideherdisappointmentwhenTomdidn’tturnup. ★desiren.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望SinceyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinese,Irecommendthisbooktoyou.既然你渴望學(xué)習(xí)中文,我向你推薦這本書。Everyonehasadesireforsuccess.However,noteveryonehasthecourageanddeterminationtopursueit.每個人都渴望成功。然而,并不是每個人都有勇氣和決心去追求它。Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercises(should)behandedinbeforeschoolwasover.老師要求在放學(xué)前把所有的作業(yè)都交上來?！aveadesireto·desiretodosth渴望做某事desiresbtodosth想讓某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望/要求……①desire不用于進行時態(tài),后接賓語從句時,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。另外,含desire的主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。②desire作動詞時,后只可接不定式,不可接動名詞。③和desire一樣,接名詞性從句時,從句謂語動詞用“(should)do”形式的動詞有一“堅持”(insist);二“命令”(order、command);三“建議”(suggest、propose、advise);四“要求”(demand、require、request、desire)。(1)句子語法填空①Thedeterminedgirlhasastrongdesireknowledge.

②Mikedesired(find)ajobinthiscityandsettledthere.

(2)完成句子③得知你極其渴望學(xué)好漢語,我想給你一些建議。(應(yīng)用文寫作·建議信)Knowing,

I’dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.④失望的雙胞胎想要他們的父親告訴他們?nèi)绾巫鋈髦?父親樂意地點了點頭。(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)Thedisappointedtwinshowtomakesandwiches,andtheirfathernoddedwillingly.

答案:(1)①for②tofind(2)③youhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell④desiredtheirfathertotellthemMysondesiresthatheshouldbeadmittedtothatfamousuniversity.Besides,hehasastrongdesiretomajorinmathswhileIdesirehimtostudyengineering.我的兒子渴望被那所著名的大學(xué)錄取。此外,他渴望主修數(shù)學(xué),而我想讓他學(xué)工程學(xué)。3.In2022,thelaunchoftheMengtianmodulesignalledthebasiccompletionoftheTiangongSpaceStation.2022年,夢天艙的發(fā)射標(biāo)志著天宮空間站的基本建成?！飐ignalvt.&vi.標(biāo)志著;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號n.信號;標(biāo)志Thepolicesignalledthetraffictomoveforwardslowly.警察示意車輛緩慢前行。Assoonashesatdownatthetable,hesignalledtothewaitertobringthemenu.他一在桌旁坐下,就示意服務(wù)員把菜單拿來。WhenIputmyfingertomylips,it’sasignalforyoutobequiet.我把手指放在嘴唇上,這是讓你們安靜的信號?！ignal(to)sbtodosth示意某人做某事signal(tosb)that...示意(某人)……·asignalforsbtodosth指示某人做某事的信號①signal一般指信號、暗號;②sign一般指一種具有固定意義的、簡明的符號或標(biāo)志,意為手勢、跡象、標(biāo)志等;③mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可見的印痕或先天固有的標(biāo)記、記號等;④symbol指作為象征或表達某種深邃意義的特殊事物。(1)一詞多義:寫出下列句中signal的漢語釋義①Timoteohasanunusualjob—heisahumantrafficsignal.

②Thiswasasignalforhimtocontinue.

③Mandystartedafterhim,signallingtoJessetofollow.

④Thisannouncementsignalledaclearchangeofpolicy.

(2)完成句子⑤正月十五是元宵節(jié),標(biāo)志著春節(jié)慶?；顒拥慕Y(jié)束。(應(yīng)用文寫作·傳統(tǒng)文化介紹)TheLanternFestivalfallsonthefifteenthdayofthefirstlunarmonth,theSpringFestivalcelebrations.

⑥我跑到車旁,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)Iranuptothecar,tookhimbythearmand.

答案:(1)①標(biāo)志②信號③示意④標(biāo)志著(2)⑤signallingtheendof⑥signalled(to)himtofollowme4.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity...由于缺乏重力,宇航員的骨骼和肌肉在太空中會變得非常脆弱……★lackn.缺乏;短缺vt.沒有;缺乏lackingadj.短缺的;不足的(2024·浙江1月卷)Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies...由于缺乏有關(guān)其影響的科學(xué)證據(jù),沒有人成功贏得對人工降雨公司的訴訟……(2024·浙江1月卷)Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.對在線課程的主要抱怨是它們?nèi)狈θ伺c人之間的互動。[備用例句]①Shedidn’twinthegame,butitwasn’tforlackoftrying.她輸了比賽,但并不是由于不夠努力。②Shewasintelligentbutsufferedfromalackofambition.她很聰明,但卻缺乏遠大志向。·lacksth缺少某物·(a)lackof...缺乏……for/throughlackof...因缺乏……h(huán)avenolackof...不缺乏……·belackingin...缺乏/缺少……lack作名詞時常與介詞of連用;作動詞時可用作及物動詞直接加賓語(不用被動語態(tài)),也可用作不及物動詞;形容詞lacking常與介詞in連用。(1)句子語法填空①(lack)sufficientoxygen,theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.

②Imustworkhardinthehopeofmakingupforlackofability.

(2)一句多譯由于缺乏自信和經(jīng)驗,他完全不知道該如何應(yīng)付這可怕的情況。(讀后續(xù)寫·情感描寫)③,hewasquiteatalossastohowtodealwiththeterriblesituation.(lackn.)

④,hewasquiteatalossastohowtodealwiththeterriblesituation.(lackvt.)

⑤,hewasquiteatalossastohowtodealwiththeterriblesituation.(lackingadj.)

答案:(1)①Lacking②a(2)③Forlackofconfidenceandexperience④Lackingconfidenceandexperience⑤LackinginconfidenceandexperienceThisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面臨巨大的風(fēng)險?！簟癟his/That/Itisbecause...”句型Fromspace,Earthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看,地球是藍色的。這是因為地球表面約71%都被水覆蓋著。Tomhastostayathome.Thatisbecausehehasabadcold.湯姆不得不待在家里,那是因為他得了重感冒。Sorry,Ican’tattendthemeeting.ItisbecauseIwillgohometospendtheMid-AutumnFestivalwithmyparents.對不起,我不能參加會議。這是因為我將回家和父母一起過中秋節(jié)。①“This/That/Itisbecause...”意為“這/那是因為……”,其中because引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句表示原因。②“This/That/Itiswhy...”意為“這/那就是……的原因”,其中why引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句表示結(jié)果。③“Thereasonwhy...isthat...”意為“……的原因是……”,其中why引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中作狀語。that引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句表示原因。④“Thereasonthat/which...isthat...”意為“……的原因是……”,其中that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語或賓語,第二個that引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句表示原因。(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Peterwaslatefortheclassbecausehewasstuckinatrafficjam.①Peterwaslatefortheclassandhewasstuckinatrafficjam.

②Peterwasstuckinatrafficjamandhewaslatefortheclass.

③Peterwaslatefortheclasshewasstuckinatrafficjam.

(2)翻譯句子④簡今天不想去野餐的原因是天氣不佳。

⑤這就是他缺席比賽的原因。

答案:(1)①that/itwasbecause②that/itwaswhy③Thereasonwhy;wasthat(2)④ThereasonwhyJanewouldn’tliketogoonapicnictodayisthattheweatherisnotgood.⑤Thisiswhyhewasabsentfromthecompetition.人物心理描寫(悲傷、沮喪、絕望)一、課文詞匯1.alone獨自的;孤獨的2.sadness悲傷;悲痛;難過3.disappointment失望;沮喪二、補充詞匯4.sorrowful傷心的5.broken-hearted極其傷心的6.depressed/frustrated沮喪的7.hangthehead耷拉著頭8.beovercomewithsorrow悲痛欲絕9.havetearsinone’seyes眼里噙著淚10.burstintotears/burstoutcrying突然大哭起來11.hang/drop/lower/bend/bowone’sheadinsadness傷心地低下頭12.tearsroll/run/stream/flowdownsb’scheeks眼淚順著臉頰滑落13.sob/weepwithone’sfacehiddeninone’shands掩面啜泣一、課本原句1.“Arewealone?What’soutthere?”“我們是孤獨的嗎?外面還有什么呢?”2.However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而,雖然這些災(zāi)難帶來了許多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨滅。二、其他表達3.Hereyesarefloodedwithtears.她的眼里充滿淚水。4.Shesuddenlybecamebroken-heartedwhenaskedaboutherparents.當(dāng)被問起父母時,她突然變得極其傷心。5.Mariaburstintotearswhensheheardthebadnews.瑪麗亞聽到這個壞消息時,突然大哭起來。6.Uponhearingthebadnews,herheartached,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.她一聽到這個壞消息,就心痛得直流眼淚。7.Whenheheardthedisappointingnews,tearsofsadnesswelledupinhiseyes.當(dāng)他聽到這個令人沮喪的消息時,他的眼里涌出了悲傷的淚水。8.Eventoday,IwouldbeovercomewithsorrowwheneverIthinkofthedog.直到今天,我一想到那只狗,還會悲痛欲絕。1.當(dāng)我聽到這個消息時,我心碎了。淚水涌上了我的眼睛,我開始掩面哭泣。然而,我知道我必須堅強起來,繼續(xù)前進。2.他坐在那里,沉默而悲傷。當(dāng)他悲傷地低下頭時,眼淚順著臉頰滑落下來。世界在他身邊轉(zhuǎn)動,而他卻陷在自己的悲傷中。答案:1.Iwasbroken-heartedwhenIheardthenews.Tearswelledupinmyeyes,andIstartedweepingwithmyfacehiddeninmyhands.However,IknewIhadtobestrongandmoveon.2.Hesatthere,silentandsad.Ashebowedhisheadinsadness,tearsfloweddownhischeeks.Theworldkeptmovingaroundhim,whilehewasstuckinhisownpoolofsorrow.課文二次開發(fā)利用課文語法填空Foryears,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.However,itwasnotuntilthemid-20thcentury1.travellingintospacebecameareality.On4October1957,USSRlaunchedtheSputnik1satelliteintospace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinfromRussiabecamethefirstpersonintheworld2.(enter)space.On20July1969,NeilArmstrongfromAmericasteppedontothemoon.Followingthis,manymoregoals3.(achieve).Althoughsomedisastersmadeeveryonesadand4.(disappoint),peoplenevergive5.thedesiretoexploretheuniverse.

China’sspaceprogrammehasmadegreatprogressinrecentyears.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldto6.(independent)sendhumansintospacein2003,7.YangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.Later,Shenzhou6and7completedasecondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk,followedbythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoontostudyitssurface.In2022,thelaunchoftheMengtianmodule8.(signal)thebasiccompletionoftheTiangongSpaceStation.Thismodernspacestationwillallowastronautstoconductlotsofsignificant9.(experiment),greatly10.(further)ourunderstandingoftheuniverse.

Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.答案:1.that2.toenter3.wereachieved4.disappointed5.up6.independently7.when8.signalled9.experiments10.furthering語法專項指導(dǎo)動詞不定式作定語和狀語1.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.2.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethedreamtoexplorespace.動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,有時to可以省略,其否定形式是nottodo。不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有語態(tài)的變化。不定式不能作謂語,但可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語、定語和補語。請你判斷出以上句子中動詞不定式在句中作什么成分。一、動詞不定式作定語1.動詞不定式作定語,常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語,表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.讓我們給他一些吃的東西。(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclass...而且,我會不時地布置一些在課堂上完成的小組作業(yè)……2.當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、thenext、theonly等修飾時,常用動詞不定式作后置定語。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個到校,最后一個離校。Theonlywaytoconquerafearistofaceit.克服恐懼的唯一方法是面對恐懼。3.抽象名詞plan、attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、way等后,常用動詞不定式作后置定語。Tomhastheabilityanddesiretodochallengingwork.湯姆有能力和愿望去做有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。4.當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在動賓關(guān)系時。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.她是一個很好的合作伙伴。5.當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我們必須找到一個人來做這項工作。6.當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在同位關(guān)系時。Mydesiretocarryonwiththeexperimenthasfailed.我繼續(xù)做實驗的愿望沒能實現(xiàn)。①不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語。如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞,或者不定式修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。Hehasnopentowritewith.他沒有鋼筆寫字。②不定式作定語時,如果句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語,不定式使用主動形式表示被動含義。試比較下列例句。Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么東西要買嗎?(不定式tobuy的動作執(zhí)行者是you)Haveyougotanythingtobebought?你有什么要(我或別人)買的嗎?(不定式tobebought的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”,因此只能用動詞不定式的被動形式作后置定語)句子語法填空①Itisrecognisedthatheisthebestman(complete)thetask.

②Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecourage(face)allthechallenges.

③Thesystemhastheability(run)morethanoneprogrammeatthesametime.

④Couldyoutellmeaneffectiveway(learn)Englishwell?

答案:①tocomplete②toface③torun④tolearn二、動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式在句中作狀語,主要用來修飾動詞和形容詞,也可用來修飾副詞。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等,可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。1.作目的狀語,置于句首或句中,置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。為加強語氣,常與inorder或soas組成短語。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.一群年輕人聚在一起討論這個問題。(1)置于句首時只用todo/inordertodo。表示否定時,用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.我輕輕地走路,以免打擾到這個嬰兒。(2)不定式作目的狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換為sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。Heworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.→Heworkedveryhardsothat/inorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他非常努力以便能通過考試。2.作原因狀語,常置于一些形容詞或過去分詞后,來說明產(chǎn)生某種情感的原因。這類詞常見的有happy、glad、fortunate、ashamed、surprised、sorry、delighted、disappointed、annoyed、proud等。WhenAnnaopenedherwallet,shewassurprisedtofindnothing.安娜打開錢包時,驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)里面什么也沒有。Theyareproudtohaverealisedtheirdreams.他們?yōu)閷崿F(xiàn)了夢想而自豪。3.作結(jié)果狀語,多見于“too...todo...”“...enoughtodo”“onlytodo(表示意料之外的結(jié)果的發(fā)生)”“so/such...astodo...(意為“如此……以至于……”)”結(jié)構(gòu)中。I’mtootiredtodowell.我太累了做不好。Thewindisstrongenoughtomovethesanddunes.風(fēng)力大到能移動沙丘。Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.他沖了回來,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)書不見了。Wehavegotsoplentyoffoodastotreatourguests.我們有如此充裕的食物來招待我們的客人。注意動詞不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別。①動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語,強調(diào)的是一種意想不到的結(jié)果,通常與only搭配。Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.她著急地從包里拿出那件衣服試穿,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)不合身。②現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,強調(diào)的是一種順承的、自然而然的結(jié)果。Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.雪下了一星期,給整個地區(qū)造成嚴重的交通混亂。4.獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語,表示說話人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶āobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,Icouldn’tunderstandmostofthewordsshesaid.首先,她說得太快,我聽不懂她所說的大部分內(nèi)容。句子語法填空①(learn)alanguagewell,youmustmakeefforts.

②I’mmorethandelighted(know)thatyouarecomingtoourschooltotakepartintheChineseCultureWeek.

③Thetravellerlookedupsuddenly(find)amonkeyinthetree.

④(tell)thetruth,Idon’tlikethecolouratall.

答案:①Tolearn②toknow③tofind④Totell1.(2024·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)...visitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.

2.(2024·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptions(choose)from.

3.(2023·全國甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.

4.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Wearehappy(be)takingpartintheproject.

5.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbethere(help)eachother.

答案及剖析:1.tofind考查動詞不定式。非謂語動詞作形容詞amazed后的原因狀語,用動詞不定式形式。故填tofind。2.tochoose考查動詞不定式。options是名詞,其后常用動詞不定式作后置定語,表示“可選擇的選項”。tochoosefrom的意思是“從中選擇”。故填tochoose。3.toteach考查動詞不定式。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“來傳授知識或傳遞智慧”,應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填toteach。4.tobe考查動詞不定式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,此處是動詞不定式作原因狀語。故填tobe。5.tohelp考查動詞不定式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tohelp。句子語法填空1.Weclimbedtothetopofthetower(get)abetterviewofthearea.

2.WhatisthewayMarythoughtof(deal)withtheproblem?

3.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch).

4.OurEnglishteacherhasmanyways(make)herclassesinteresting.

5.(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.

6.(help)thestudentstolearnChinesewell,ourschoolhasdecidedtodonatesomebookstoyourChineseclass.

7.Theycametotherestaurantafterwork,only(find)thatitwasbeingdecorated.

8.Asamatteroffact,theywereverysurprised(get)thenews.

[變式訓(xùn)練]Asamatteroffact,theywereverysurprised(inform)ofthenews.

9.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirtime.

10.Hewasthelastone(hand)intheassignmentyesterday.

11.Astudyshowsthatbytheageofthree,mostchildrenhavethegreatpotential(understand)manywords.

12.Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

[變式訓(xùn)練]Theairport(complete)lastyearhelpspromotetourisminthisarea.

13.Whatdoyouthinkwecando(comfort)her?

14.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone(repair)firstisthelibrary.

15.Myfriendtoldmehehadalotofreadings(complete)beforetheendoftheterm.

答案:1.toget2.todeal3.tocatch4.tomake5.Tocatch6.Tohelp7.tofind8.toget[變式訓(xùn)練]tobeinformed9.tosave10.tohand11.tounderstand12.tobecompleted[變式訓(xùn)練]completed13.tocomfort14.toberepaired15.tocomplete課時作業(yè)(七)UNIT4Part1Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Thespaceshipwassuccessfully(發(fā)射)intoorbit.

2.Humanshavea(渴望)toexploretheuniverse.

3.(信號)fromspacearebeingstudiedbyscientists.

4.The(交通工具)aredesignedforspacetravel.

5.The(巨大的)planetappearsinthedistance.

6.The(當(dāng)前的)technologyisnotsufficientforlong-termspacetravel.

7.(智能的)robotscanassistinspaceexploration.

8.Astronautsneedtobe(獨立地)mindedinspace.

9.(思想的)preparationisimportantforspacemissions.

10.Ifyoufollowtheproper(步驟),youcancreatesuperarticles.

答案:1.launched2.desire3.Signals4.vehicles5.giant6.current7.Intelligent8.independently9.MceduresⅡ.語境填詞1.Thesix(astronaut)onboardwillspendtendaysinspace.

2.Studentsshoulddosomethingtomakethemselves(mental)strong.

3.Sheisnotonly(intelligence)butalsohasagiftformusic.

4.Amazedathowskillfultheywere,Iwas(determine)tobejustasgood.

5.Hisperformancewasabig(disappoint)tous.

6.Drivenbyaburningdesireadventureandtravel,shelefthomeandstartedtotravelaroundinherearlytwenties.

7.Areyouquite(independence)ofyourparentsnow?

8.Hecametothebigcityinthehopefindingagoodjob.

9.Thebell(signal)thatschoolwasover.

10.Itis(universal)acknowledgedthatsmokingisbadforhealth.

11.Amongmodern(vehicle),bicyclesaretheclosesttopeople’slife.

12.(recycle)alsohelpscontrolenvironmentalpollution.

13.Ithinkthisbookiscompletely(lack)inoriginality.

14.Thebuildingis(current)beingusedasalibrary.

答案:1.elligent4.determined5.disappointment6.for7.independent8.of9.signalled10.universally11.vehicles12.Recycling13.lacking14.currentlyⅢ.情境寫作1.那時,盡管困難重重,宇航員還是繼續(xù)執(zhí)行太空任務(wù)。Atthattime,theastronautthespacemissiondespitethedifficulties.

2.航天局希望能發(fā)現(xiàn)新的行星。Thespaceagencyisnewplanets.

3.宇宙飛船正在船上進行科學(xué)實驗。Thespaceshipiscarryingoutscientificexperiments.

4.他將是第一個踏上火星的人。HewillbethefirstmanMars.

5.宇航員決心成功地完成任務(wù)。Theastronautthemissionsuccessfully.

6.令他非常失望的是,太空任務(wù)不得不因技術(shù)問題而中止。,thespacemissionhadtobestoppedduetotechnicalproblems.

答案:1.carriedonwith2.inthehopeofdiscovering3.onboard4.tosetfooton5.is/wasdeterminedtocomplete6.MuchtohisdisappointmentⅠ.閱讀理解AInthesummerof1969,six-year-oldMikeMassiminowatchedwide-eyedonthetelevisionasNeilArmstrongtookthefirststeponthemoon.HeimmediatelymadehismumturnhiselephantschoolplaycostumeintothatofanastronautforHalloween.Asachildattractedbytheuniverse,hedreamtofbecominganastronaut.Buthiswishcaughtupwithhimwhenherealisedhedidn’thavetheidealskillsettomakeitasanastronaut:Hewasafraidofheights,hadpooreyesightandcouldn’tswim.GivenallofMassimino’sdifficultyinqualifyingasanastronaut,heworkedforadifferentcareer.However,whentheChallengerexploded,Massiminodecidedhewouldn’twaitanylongertorealisehisdream.NASA’seliteprogrammeofastronautsintroducesanewclasseverycoupleofyears.Ifyoudon’tmakeit,youwon’tbeconsideredagainuntilthenextround.Massiminofirstappliedtotheprogrammeinthe1980s.Eightmonthslater,hereceivedhisrejectionletterinthemail.Unsurprised,hebegancarryingoutspaceresearch,workingtowardshisPhDinengineeringatMIT.Heappliedagaintwoyearslaterforthe1992astronautclass.Hegotrejectedagain.Yearslater,fortheclassof1995,Massimino’sapplicationturnedoutunsuccessful.Theinterviewwasastoughasonewouldimagine.Massiminofailedbecauseofsomethinghecouldnotchange—nothaving20/20vision.Hedidn’tstopthere.Afterextensiveresearch,hehadvisiontrainingfornearlyayear,havingtakenadvicefromothersinthespacesciencefield,andhelpinghiseyesfocusmoreclearlyonobjectsinfrontofhim.SendingouthisfourthapplicationtoNASAlikeashotinthedarkwithanotefromhiseyedoctoronhisimprovements,Massiminogotacall.Theywouldlethimretakehiseyetest.Hepassed.“Makingadecisiontogiveuponmydreamaftercomingsoclosewasunthinkable,”hesaid,“Oneinamillionisnotzero.IknewthatifIgaveup,Iwouldalwayswonderwhatwouldhavehappened.”()1.WhatimpressedMassiminoattheageofsix?A.Theinventionoftelevision.B.AschoolplayinHalloween.C.Armstrong’smoonwalk.D.TheexplosionoftheChallenger.()2.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.NASA’sprogrammeofastronauts.B.Massimino’sworkingexperienceatMIT.C.NASA’sinterviewprocess.D.Massimino’sthreeunsuccessfulapplications.()3.HowdidMassiminoimprovehiseyesight?A.Byreceivingvisiontraining.B.Byhavin