MBA（英語）閱讀理解練習(xí)試卷3（共9

套）

（共89題）

MBA（英語）閱讀理解練習(xí)試卷第1套

一、閱讀理解（本題共/0題，每題分，共10分。）

I'musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeither

happierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.

Whileanyofthesestatementsmightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprove

scientifically.Still,Iwasstruckbyareportwhichconcludedthattoday'schildrenare

significantlymoreanxiousthanchildreninthe1950's.Infact,theanalysisshowed,

normalchildrenaged9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwho

weretreatedformentalil'ness50yearsago.WhyareAmerica,skidssostressed?The

reportcitestwomaincauses:increasingphysicalisolation—broughtonbyhighdivorce

ratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings--andagrowingperception

thattheworldisamoredangerousplace.Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback,adults

canstilldoplentytohelpthenextgenerationcope.Atthetopofthelistisnurturinga

betterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengthening

socialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividualsagainststress.Tohelpkids

buildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsandcomputers.

Yourfamilywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,

andtheywillgetmoresleep.Limittheamountofvirtualviolenceyourchildrenare

exposedto.It'snotjustvideogamesandmovies;childrenseealotofmurderandcrime

onthelocalnews.Keepyourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.Manyhighly

successfulpeopleneverattendedHarvardorYale.Makeexercisepartofyourdaily

routine.Itwillhelpyoucopewithyourownanxietiesandprovideagoodmodelfbryour

kids.Sometimesanxietyisunavoidable,butitdoesn'thavetoruinyourlife.

1、Theauthorthinksthattheconclusionsofanyresearchaboutpeople'sstateofmind

are

A、surprising.

B、confusing.

CNillogical.

D、questionable.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。艱據(jù)文章第一段中的“…skeptical

about…”“While…impossible…”以及“Still...”可以判斷，作者是持懷疑態(tài)度的。選項

D中的questionable正是懷疑的意思，所以正確。根據(jù)文章可以排除A、B；

skeptical并不是否定意思,而illogical卻是否定意思,所以C不對。

2、Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,"wecan'tturnthedockback"(Para.3)?

A、It'simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.

B、Thesocialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.

C^Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.

D、It'simpossibletotbrgetthepast.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：詞義題。前面提到了孩子的壓力狀況，下文探討了成年人應(yīng)該做的

事。這說明，我們不能回到過去，反過來說就是我們只能正視現(xiàn)狀。所以B正

確。文中沒有提到A；C、D兩項都包含有和過去相關(guān)的意思，單獨來看似乎正

確，但是文中并沒有表達這層意思。

3、Accordingtoananalysis,comparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedas

mentallyill50yearsago

A、werelessisolatedphysically.

B、wereprobablylesssclf-ccntcrcd.

C、probablysufferedlessfromanxiety.

D、wereconsideredlessindividualistic.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。艱據(jù)第一段最后一句話“…noimalchildrenaged9to17exhibit

ahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50years

ago.”可知，現(xiàn)在的孩子比過去更焦慮，反過來說就是過去的孩子要：less

anxietyo這說明C正確，第二段第二句話說，現(xiàn)在的孩子是孤獨的，但這只是現(xiàn)

在孩子的狀況，并沒有和以前的孩子進行比較，無法推斷以前孩子是不是不那么孤

獨，所以A不對；第四段第一句話提到了個人主義，但這也是目前的狀況，與過

去沒有構(gòu)成比較，所以B、D不對。

4、Thefirstandmostimportantthingparentsshoulddotohelptheirchildrenis

A、toprovidethemwithasaferenvironment.

B、tolowertheirexpectationsfbrthem.

C^togetthemmoreinvolvedsocially.

D、tosetagoodmodelforthemtofollow.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。文中提到家長能做的事情有很多，但本題詢問的是首要的事

情。第四段第一句話"Atthetopofthelistisnurturingabetterappreciationofthelimits

ofindividualism.”中的Atthetopofthelist與選項中的Thefirstandmostimportant相

對應(yīng)，所以C正確。A、B、D三項也是作者提到的家長應(yīng)該做的事，但不是最重

要的事。

5、Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

A^Anxiety,thoughunavoidable,canbecopedwith.

B、Children'sanxietyhasbeenenormouslyexaggerated.

C、Children'sanxietycanbeeliminatedwithmoreparentalcare.

D、Anxiety,ifproperlycontrolled,mayhelpchildrenbecomemature.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：歸納題。全文在介紹了美國青少年心理狀況處于嚴重焦慮狀況后，提

出了一系列措施幫助青少年們脫離困境；最后兩句話指出“Sometimesanxietyis

unavoidable.Butitdoesn'thavetoruinyourli缸”（有時焦慮是無可避免的，但不*

定非要讓它破壞你的生活。）這說明，A項正確。根據(jù)文中的意思可以看出，孩子

的焦慮問題并沒有被夸大，所以B不對；文中說的各種措施都是減輕焦慮的方

法，但不能消除焦慮，所以C項不對；文中沒有提到如果正確控制焦慮，孩子是

否會成熟的問題，所以D不對。

WhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdating

backtoGrandma'sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,

andthedresscodewillbeSunday-best.Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silver

elegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware-and-stainlessinformality,withdressesassuming

anequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsandguests,thechangemeansgreatersimplicity

andcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.Lastweek

RoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStoke-on-Trent,announcedthatitiseliminating

1,000jobs—one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomorethan4,000thenumberof

positionslostin18monthsinthepottery（陶瓷）region.Wedgwoodandotherpottery

factoriesmadecutsearlier.AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplaya

roleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsincarthshakingsocialshifts.

AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany"hasbeensomewhatslowin

catchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Familieseattogetherlessoften,he

explained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontof

television.Evendinnerparlies,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Inatimeoflong

workhoursanddemandingfamilyschedules,busyhostsinsist,rightly,thatit'sbetterto

shareatakeoutpizzaonpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitfortheperfect

momentora"real"dinnerparty.Toooften,theperfectmomentnevercomes.Ironafine-

patternedtablecloth?Forgetit.Polishthesilver?Whohastime?Yetthelossofformality

hasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette（禮節(jié)）thatchildrenmightoncehave

learnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents（"Chew

withyourmouthclosedKeepyourelbowsoffthetable"）mustbepickedupelsewhere.

Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybecompetent

professionallybutcluelesssocially.

6^Thetrendtowardcasualdininghasresultedin

bankruptcyoffinechinamanufacturers.

B、shrinkingofthepotteryindustry.

C、restructuringoflargeenterprises.

D^economicrecessioninGreatBritain.

標準答案：B

10、Refinedtablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentsoda]life,

A^arestillamustoncertainoccasions.

B、areboundtoreturnsoonerorlater.

C、arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathome.

D、canhelpimprovepersonalrelationships.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第二句話指出，禮節(jié)在某些地方是必需的。這說明

A正確。文中沒有提到傳統(tǒng)是否會回歸，所以B不對；文中倒數(shù)第二句話說的是

這些禮節(jié)現(xiàn)在不能從家長那里得到了，說明C與文章的意思正好相反；文中并沒

有說明禮節(jié)是否能帶來嵬好的人際關(guān)系，所以D不對。

MBA(英語)閱讀理解練習(xí)試卷第2套

一、閱讀理解(本題共10題，每題7.0分，共70分。)

Non-indigenous(non-native)speciesofplantsandanimalsarrivebywayoftwogeneral

typesofpathways.First,specieshavingoriginsoutsidetheUnitedStatesmayenterthe

countryandbecomeestablishedeitherasfree-livingpopulationsorunderhuman

cultivation—forexample,inagriculture,horticulture,aquaculture,oraspets.Some

cultivatedspeciessubsequentlyescapeorarereleasedandalsobecomeestablishedas

free-livingpopulations.Second,speciesofeitherU.S.orforeignoriginandalready

withintheUnitedStatesmayspreadtonewlocales.Pathwaysofbothtypesinclude

intentionalaswellasunintentionalspeciestransfers.Ratesofspeciesmovementdriven

byhumantransformationsofnaturalenvironmentsasv/ellasbyhumanmobility-

throughcommerce,tourism,andtravel-greatlyexceednaturalratesbycomparison.

Whilegeographicdistributionsofspeciesnaturallyexpandorcontractoverhistorical

timeintervals(tenstohundredsofyears),species'rangesrarelyexpandthousandsof

milesoracrossphysicalbarrierssuchasoceansormountains.Habitatmodificationcan

createconditionsfavorab'etotheestablishmentofnon-indigenousspecies.Soildisturbed

inconstructionandagricultureisopenfbrcolonizationbynon-indigenousweeds,which

inturnmayprovidehabitatsforthenon-indigenousinsectsthatevolvedwiththem.

Human-generatedchangesinfirefrequency,grazingintensity,aswellassoilstabilityand

nutrientlevelssimilarlyfacilitatethespreadandestablishmentofnon-indigenousplants.

Whenhumanchangestonaturalenvironmentsspanlargegeographicalareas,they

effectivelycreatepassagesforspeciesmovementbetweenpreviouslyisolatedlocales.

TherapidspreadoftheRussianwheataphidtofifteenstatesinjusttwoyearsfollowing

its1986arrivalhasbeenattributedinparttotheprevalenceofalternativehostplantsthat

areavailablewhenwhealisnot.Manyofthesearenon-indigenousgrassesrecommended

forplantingonthefortymillionormoreacresenrolledintheU.S.Departmentof

AgricultureConservationReserveProgram.Anumberoffactorsperplexquantitative

evaluationoftherelativeimportanceofvariousentrypathways.Timelagsoftenoccur

betweenestablishmentofnon-indigenousspeciesandtheirdetection,andtracingthe

pathwayforalong-establishedspeciesisdifficult.Expertsestimatethatnon-indigenous

weedsareusuallydetectedonlyafterhavingbeeninthecountryforthirtyyearsorhaving

spreadtoatleasttenthousandacres.Inaddition,federalportinspection,althoughamajor

sourceofinformationonnon-indigenousspeciespathways,especiallyforagriculture

pests,providesdataonlywhensuchspeciesenterviaclosely-examinedroutes.Finally,

somecomparisonsbetweenpathwaysdefyquantitativeanalysis--forexample,whichis

more"important":theentrypathofoneveryharmfulspeciesoronebywhichmanybut

lessharmfulspeciesenterthecountry?

1、ThefirstpathwayofaforeignspeciesofplantstoenterAmericaisindependentof

humanassistance.

True

B、False

標準答案：B

知識點解析：在第一段第二句中，我們知道“外來”物種在人類的協(xié)助下進入美國，

所以不能“獨立”于人類之外。

2、Humanbeingsplayagreaterpartinspeciesmovementthandoesnature.

A、True

B>False

標準答案：A

知識點解析：第一段倒數(shù)第二句有比較，說明人類的作用大大超過自然的貢獻。

3、Ilusuallytakesalongertimeforspeciestoexpandnaturally.

A、True

B、False

標準答案：A

知識點解析：在第一段最后一句中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，物種的自然遷移耗時長，還有地域的

限制。

4、Non-indigenousspeciesarenotsubjecttothosehabitatchangesproducedbyhuman

being.

A^True

B、False

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第二段第三句告訴我們，人類造成的種種變化有利于物種的遷移和擴

散。

5、Foreignweedscanbediscoveredafterresearchershadobservedthemformorethan

thirtyyears.

A、True

B、False

標準答案：B

知識點解析：最后一段第三句中，專家們預(yù)計，外來雜草需要三十年才能被本地人

所認識，并非“研究者”觀察三十多年。

Resistancetothe1954UnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisionterminatingsegregation

placedtheschoolsinthemiddleofabitterandsometimesviolentdispute.By1965,when

ameasureofgenuineintegrationhadbecomearealityinmanyschooldistricts,the

schoolsagainfoundthemselvesintheeyeofastormycontroversy.Thistimethe

questionwasnotwhichchildrenweregoingtowhatschoolsbutwhatkindofeducation

societyshouldprovideforthestudents;thegoalofhighacademicperformance,which

hadbeenrevivedbycriticismsandreformsofthe1950sandearly1960s,begantobe

challengedbydemandsformoreliberalandfreeschooling.Manyuniversityandsome

high-schoolstudentsfromallethnicgroupsandclasseshadbeengrowingmoreandmore

frustrated-someofthemdesperatelyso-overwhattheyfeltwasacruelandsenseless

warinVietnamandacruel,discriminatory,competitive,lovelesssocietyathome.They

demandedcurriculumreform,improvedteachingmethods,andgreaterstressandaction

onsuchproblemsasoverpopulation,pollution,internationalstrife,deadlyweaponry,and

discrimination.Pressurelorreformcamenotonlyfromstudentsbutalsofrommany

educators.Whilestudentsandeducatorsalikespokeofthegreaterneedforwhatwas

taught,opinionsastowhatwasrelevantvariedgreatly.Theblackswantednewtextbooks

inwhichtheirpeoplewererecognizedandfairlyrepresented,andsomeofthemwanted

coursesinblackstudies.They,andmanywhiteeducators,alsoobjectedtoculturally

biasedintelligenceandaptitudetestsandtoacademiccollegeentrancestandardsand

examinations.Suchtests,theysaid,didnottakeintoaccountthediversebackgroundsof

studentswhobelongedtoethnicminoritiesandwhoseculturewasthereforedifferent

fromthatofthewhitemiddle-classstudent.Whitesandblacksalikealsowanteda

curriculumthattouchedmorecloselyoncontemporarysocialproblemsandteaching

methodsthatrecognizedtheirexistenceasindividualhumanbeingsratherthanas

facelessrobotscompetingforgrades.Alarmedbythehelplessnessandhopelessnessof

theurbanghettoschools,educatorsbegantoinsistoncurriculaandteachingmethods

flexibleenoughtoprovidefordifferencesinstudents*socialandethnicbackgrounds.

Moreover,ibreducationalreformerstheurbanghettoschoolbecameasymbolofa

generalfailureofAmericaneducationtoaccomplishthegoalofindividualdevelopment.

Alsoreminiscentofthosedecadeswerethechild-centeredschoolsthatsprangupinthe

later1960sasalternativestoandexamplesforthetraditionalschools.Theclashbetween

theacademicallyandthehumanisticallyorientedschoolsofthought,therefore,wasin

manywaysonemoreencounterinthecontinuingbattlebetweenconservativesand

liberals.

6、In1965,aheateddisputewascenteredonwhethertostopsegregationinschools.

A、True

B、False

標準答案：B

知識點解析：首段第二句告訴我們爭論出現(xiàn)了，第三句討論了爭論的問題，而這個

問題同“是否禁止隔離“無關(guān)，與學(xué)校的辦學(xué)理念有關(guān)。

7、StudentsweredisappointedwiththeVietnamwarwhilethecountrycheeredthemup.

A、True

False

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第二段第一句表示，學(xué)生們對海外的越戰(zhàn)很不認同，也反對美國國內(nèi)

的冷漠和無情，所以這個選項的后半截有誤。

8、Studentsandeducatorsreachedanagreementonthenecessityofreforming

education.

A、True

False

標準答案：A

知識點解析：第二段最后一句告訴我們，學(xué)生和老師雙方都認識到了學(xué)校改革的必

要性，只是在改革的內(nèi)容方面有分歧。

9、Theblackswereopposedtothoseaptitudetestsbecausetheycouldnotscorewell.

A、True

False

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第二段第二句可以看出，黑人學(xué)生的確反對那些標準化考試：第二句

進一步告訴我們，反對的理由是考試的內(nèi)容忽略了黑人種族的文化特征，并非黑人

學(xué)生考生成績不好所致。

10、Itcanbefoundthatmoreflexibilityisdemonstratedintheschoolteachingtosatisfy

theneedofvariousstudents.

A、True

B、False

標準答案：A

知識點解析：最后一段第一句告訴我們，現(xiàn)在學(xué)校教學(xué)方面很靈活，以適應(yīng)不同學(xué)

生的需求。

MBA（英語）閱讀理解練習(xí)試卷第3套

一、閱讀理解（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

Itmightseemnaturaltogaugetheamountofdiscriminationinlabormarketsbylooking

attheaveragewagesofdifferentgroups.Forinstance,inrecentyearsthewageofthe

averageblackworkerintheU.S.hasbeenabout20percentlessthanthewageofthe

averagewhiteworkers.Thewageoftheaveragefemaleworkerhasbeenabout30

percentlessthanthewageoftheaveragemaleworker.Thesewagedifferentialsare

sometimespresentedinpoliticaldebateasevidencethatmanyemployersdiscriminate

againstblacksandwomen.Yetthereisanobviousproblemwiththisapproach.Evenina

labormarketfreeofdiscrimination,differentpeoplehavedifferentwages.Peoplediffer

illtheamountofhumancapitaltheyhaveandinthekindsofworktheyareableand

wallingtodo.Thewagedifferencesweobserveintheeconomyare,toalargeextent,

attributabletothedeterminantsofequilibriumwages.Simplyobservingdifferencesin

wagesamongbroadgroupssaylittleabouttheprevalenceofdiscrimination.Consider,

forexample,theroleofhumancapital.About80percentofwhitemaleworkershavea

highschooldiploma,and25percenthaveacollegedegreeBycontrast,only67percent

ofblackmaleworkershaveahighschooldiploma,andonly12percenthaveacollege

degree.Thus,atleastsomeofthedifferencebetweenthewagesofwhitesandthewages

ofblackscanbetracedtodifferencesineducationalattainment,Similarly,amongwhite

workers,25percentofmenhaveacollegedegree,whereasonly19percentofwomen

haveacollegedegree,indicatingthatsomeofthedifferencebetweenthewagesofmen

andwomenisattributabletoeducationalattainment.Infact,humancapitalisprobably

evenmoreimportantinexplainingwagedifferentialsthantheforegoingnumbers

suggest.Formanyyears,publicschoolsinpredominantlyblackareashavebeenoflower

qualitythanpublicschoolsinpredominantlywhiteareas.Similarly,formanyyears,

schoolsdirectedgirlsawayfromscienceandmathcourses,eventhoughthesesubjects

mayhavegreatervalueinthemarketplacethansomeofthealternatives.Ifwecould

measurethequalityaswellasthequalityofeducation,thedifferencesinhumancapital

amongthesegroupswouldseemevenlarger.Humancapitalacquiredintheformofjob

experiencecanalsohelpexplainwagedifferences.Inparticular,womentendtohaveless

jobexperienceonaveragethanmen.Onereasonisthatfemalelabor-forceparticipation

hasincreasedoverthepastsevendecades.Becauseofthishistoricchange,theaverage

femaleworkertodayisyoungerthantheaveragemaleworker.Inaddition,womenarc

morelikelytointerrupttheircareerstoraisechildren.Forbothreasons,theexperienceof

theaveragefemaleworkerislessthantheexperienceoftheaveragemaleworker.Yet

anothersourceofwagedifferencesiscompensatingdifferentials.Someanalystshave

suggestedthatwomentakemorepleasantjobsonaveragethanmenandthisfactexplains

someoftheearningsdifferentialbetweenmenandwomen.Forexample,womenare

morelikelytobesecretaries,andmenaremorelikelytnbetruckdrivers.Therelative

wagesofsecretariesandtruckdriversdependinpartontheworkingconditionsofeach

job.Becausethesenonmonetaryaspectsarehardtomeasure,itisdifficulttogaugethe

practicalimportanceofcompensatingdifferentialsinexplainingthewagediflerencethat

weobserve.Intheend,thestudyofwagedifferencesamonggroupsdoesnotestablish

anyclearconclusionabouttheprevalenceofdiscriminationinU.S.labormarkets.Most

economistsbelievethatsomeoftheobservedwagedifferentialsareattributableto

discrimination,butthereisnoconsensusabouthowmuch.Theonlyconclusionabout

whicheconomistsarcinconsensusisanegativeone:Becausethedifferencesinaverage

wagesamonggroupsinpartreflectdifferencesinhumancapitalandjobcharacteristics,

theydonotbythemselvessayanythingabouthowmuchdiscriminationthereisinthe

labormarket.Ofcourse,differencesinhumancapitalamonggroupsofworkersmay

themselvesreflectdiscrimination.Theinferiorschoolshistoricallyavailabletoblack

students,forinstance,maybetracedtoprejudiceonthepartofcitycouncilsandschool

boards.Butthiskindofdiscriminationoccurslongbeforetheworkerentersthelabor

market.Inthiscase,thediseaseispolitical,evenifthesymptomiseconomic.

1、Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Eveninalabormarketfreeofdiscrimination,

differentpeoplehavedifferentwages”?

A^Eveninalabormarketfreedomisvalued,differentpeoplehavedifferentwages.

BNEveninalabormarketfullofdiscrimination,differentpeoplehavedifferentwages.

C、Eveninalabormarketwithdiscrimination,differentpeoplehavedifferentwages.

D、Eveninalabormarketwithoutdiscrimination,differentpeoplehavedifferentwages.

標準答案：D,

知識點解析：選項A的前半部的意思和問題中引號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容不符，因此此選項不

對；另外兩個選項意思不符，只有D從內(nèi)容和語氣上合乎問題。

2、Byhowmuchisthepercentageofwhitemaleworkerswithahighschooldiploma

higherthanthatofblackmaleworkerswithahighschooldiploma?

A、0.13

B、0.55

C、0.68

D、0.61

標準答案：A

知識點解析：白人的比例是80%,而黑人的比例是67%,所以選A。

3、Whydidschooldirectgirlsawayfromscienceandmathcourses?

A、Becausescienceandmatharelessimportant.

B>Becausethereisdiscriminationinlabormarkets.

C、Becausescienceandmathcoursesarebeyondgirls'ability.

D^Becausethesesubjects'valueistoogreattobeusefulinthemarketplace.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：從Similarly的意思，我們推斷出前句所表示的原因就是問題的答

案，再力口上從句eventhoughthesesubjectsmayhavegreatervalueinthemarketplace

thansomeofthealternatives,就可以判斷為

4、Whydowomenhavelessjobexperienceonaveragethanmen?

A、Becausefemalelabor-fbrccparticipationhasincreasedoverthepastseveraldecades.

B>Becausewomenarelikelytointerrupttheircareerstoraisechildren.

C^Becausegreatchangeshavetakenplaceoverthepastseveraldecades.

D、BothAandB

標準答案：A

知識點解析：從文中的onereason和inaddition就可以推斷出答案。

5、Whatcanwcinferfromthepassage?

A、Weshouldlearnwhatlabor-marketdiscriminationis.

B、Weshouldlearntoanalyzethereasonswhythereisdiscriminationinlabormarkets.

C>Wcshouldconsiderlabor-marketdiscriminationfrompoliticalperspectives.

D、Weshouldlearnthesizeoflabor-marketdiscrimination.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：選項A、B和D所表示的意思不能概括全文之意，另外文章最后一

句也暗示了全文的含義，因此選C。

It'salmosttheendofsummerforthefirstannualcontesttochoosethebestoperating

monopolyinAmerica.Fivecontestantsarcselected.Eachexhibitsfinemonopolistic

characteristicsandiswonhyofseriousconsiderationfortheaward.TheU.S.Postal

Serviceclaimstobethelongest-runningmonopolyandhasthedistinctionofhavingits

controloverFirstClassmailprescribedbytheConstitution.Themonopolyhaspreserved

largeflowsofrevenuesandhighwageratesdespitestudiesshowingthatprivate

companiescouldcarrythemailmoreefficientlyatmuchlowercost.Ontheotherhand,

thepositionofthePostalServicehasbeeneroded:first,bysuccessfulcompetitionon

packagedelivery;second,bytherecententryofexpressdeliveryservices;andthird,and

potentiallymostdamaging,bytheintroductionofthefaxmachine.Sincefaxesarebound

tosupplant（取代）asubstantialfractionofFirstClassletters,thefailuretogetCongress

toclassifyafaxasFirstClassmalland,hence,theexclusivedomainofthepostoffice

showsaremarkablelossofpoliticalmuscle.Thus,despitepastglories,itishardtobe

sanguine（樂觀的）abouttlielong-termprospectsofthepostofficeasaflourishing

monopoly.OPECwasimpressiveingeneratingbillionsofdollarsforitsmembers.To

understandthefunctioningofthiscartel（卡特爾）it'simportanttosortoutthegoodguys

fromthebad.SaudiArabiaandKuwaithavetypicallyheldoilproductionbelowcapacity

andtherebykeptpricesabovethecompetitivelevel.WhileLibyaandIraqhaveproduced

asmuchastheycouldandtherebykeptpriceslow.Theformerwereresponsibleforthe

vastexpansionofoilrevenues.Butunfortunately,thesecountriescouldnotkeepthe

otherOPECmembersinlineandwerealsoabletoexcludenewproducersorprevent

conservationbyconsumers.MostcableTVcompanieshavegovernment-issuedlicenses

thatkeepcompetitorsout.Thus,thisbusinesssupportsthehypothesisthatprivate

monopoliesaren'tsustainableforlongunlesstheyhavetheweightofgovernmentbehind

them.Therapidescalationofpricesandthelimitationsonservicesseem,however,tobe

gettingcustomersandtheircongressionalrepresentativesprogressivelymoreannoyed.

Thus,itwouldnotbesurprisingiflegislativeactionleadssoontoadeteriorationofthe

cablecompanies'monopolypower.OfficialsofIvyLeagueuniversitieshavebeenableto

meetinsemi-publicforumstosetrulesthatdeterminepricesofadmissionasafunction

ofapplicantcharacteristics,especiallyfinancialresources.Theuniversitieshavemoreor

lesssuccessfullyappliedahighmoraltonetotheprocess:Richapplicantsarecharged

morethanthecompetitivepriceforschoolinginordertosubsidize（補貼）thesmartpoor,

butitisunclearwhythissubsidyshouldcomefromthesmartrichratherthanfrom

taxpayersingeneral.Inanyevent,theuniversities'enviablecartelpositionhasbeen

damagedbytheunenlightenedJusticeDepartment.'Sincemostoftheuniversities

involvedhaveagreedtostopthesepractices,itmaybethatfuturepricesforprivate

highereducationwillcomeclosertobeingcompetitivelydetermined.Thefinal

contestant,theNCAA,hasbeenremarkablysuccessfulinholdingdown"salaries"paidto

collegeathletes.Itwouldbeonethingmerelytocolludetodeterminepriceceilings,but

theNCAAhasalsomanagedtomonopolizeallthemoralarguments.TheNCAAhasthe

muchmoredifficulttaskofdefendingapolicythatpreventsmanypoorindividualsfrom

earningmoney.Incredibly,thisdefensehasbeensosuccessfulthatithasevenallowed

theorganizationtomaintainthemoralhighground.WhentheNCAAmaintainsitscartel

bypunishingschoolsthatviolatetherules,almostnoonedoubtsthattheevilentitiesarc

theschoolsorpeoplewhopaidtheathletes,ratherthanthecartelenforcerswho

preventedfromgettingpaid:Giventhisextraordinarybalancingact,thedecisionofthe

panelistswasstraightforwardandtheNCAAistheclearanddeservingwinnerofthefirst

annualprizeforthebestmonopolyinAmerica.

6、WhatistheunusualqualityoftheU.S.PostalService?

A、Finemonopolisticcharacteristics.

B、Largeflowsofrevenuesandhighwagerates.

C、ItscontroloverFirstClassmailprescribedbytheConstitution.

D、Thelongest-runningmonopoly.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：文中的單詞distinction表明了此問題的答案為Co

7、Whowereresponsiblefortheconsiderabledifficultiesenduredbyoilconsumers?

A^SaudiArabiaandKuwait.

B、LibyaandIraq.

C、OPEC

D^Havardeconomists.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：SaudiArabiaandKuwaithavekeptpricesabovethecompetitivelevelo

8、Customersandtheircongressionalrepresentativesaregettingmoreandmoreangry

becauseof.

A、therapidescalationofprices

B、thelimitationsonservices

C^bothAandB

D、adeteriorationofthecablecompaniesmonopolypower

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本答案可以到第四段第二句尋找，annoyed和angry為近義詞。The

rapidescalationofpricesandthelimitationsonservicesseem,however,tobegetting

customersandtheircongressionalrepresentativesprogressivelymoreannoyed.

9^PrivatecableTVcompaniescouldnotsustainfbrlongb