ICS19.020

CCSK85

團(tuán)體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

T/CSEE0276—2021

直流輸電換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)

諧波分析技術(shù)規(guī)范

SpecificationforharmonicanalysisontheAC-side

ofHVDCconverterstation

《電子編加稿件》程

XM89511責(zé)編：霍妍

成品：210*297責(zé)校：馬寧

版心：166*238

字?jǐn)?shù)：45字*43行

天35地24訂24切20

描圖：5張

2021-09-17發(fā)布2021-12-01實(shí)施

中國(guó)電機(jī)工程學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)布

T/CSEE0276—2021

目次

前言···································································································································································II

1范圍······························································································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件··········································································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義··················································································································································1

4符號(hào)、代號(hào)和縮略語(yǔ)··································································································································2

5諧波潮流分析模型······································································································································2

5.1輸電線路···············································································································································2

5.2同步發(fā)電機(jī)···········································································································································2

5.3變壓器···················································································································································3

5.4濾波器和并聯(lián)電容器····························································································································3

5.5換流站交流側(cè)諧波潮流分析的換流器模型·························································································3

5.6電力電子并網(wǎng)裝備································································································································3

5.7負(fù)荷·······················································································································································3

6諧波阻抗掃描··············································································································································3

6.1諧波阻抗掃描計(jì)算方法························································································································3

6.2導(dǎo)納矩陣法···········································································································································4

6.3諧波注入法···········································································································································4

6.4計(jì)算步長(zhǎng)及偏差控制····························································································································4

6.5運(yùn)行方式要求·······································································································································4

6.6統(tǒng)計(jì)包絡(luò)圖···········································································································································4

7諧波潮流分析··············································································································································5

7.1諧波潮流適用場(chǎng)景及分類(lèi)····················································································································5

7.2諧波潮流的分析方法····························································································································5

7.3諧波潮流分析的時(shí)域仿真方法············································································································5

8電網(wǎng)諧波同步測(cè)量······································································································································6

8.1諧波同步測(cè)量適用場(chǎng)景························································································································6

8.2諧波同步測(cè)量·······································································································································6

附錄A（資料性）諧波阻抗掃描模型···········································································································7

I

T/CSEE0276—2021

直流輸電換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)諧波分析技術(shù)規(guī)范

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了直流輸電換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)諧波分析的分析模型、阻抗掃描、潮流分析及測(cè)量。

本文件適用于接入110kV及以上電壓等級(jí)輸電網(wǎng)的直流輸電換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)諧波分析。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適

用于本文件。

GB/T14549—1993電能質(zhì)量公用電網(wǎng)諧波

GB/T32507—2016電能質(zhì)量術(shù)語(yǔ)

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

GB/T14549—1993和GB/T32507—2016界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

諧波源harmonicsource

向公用電網(wǎng)注入諧波電流或在公用電網(wǎng)中產(chǎn)生諧波電壓的電氣設(shè)備。

［來(lái)源：GB/T14549—1993，3.9］

3.2

諧波（分量）harmonic(component)

對(duì)非正弦周期量進(jìn)行傅里葉級(jí)數(shù)分解，得到的頻率為基波頻率整數(shù)倍的正弦分量。

［來(lái)源：GB/T32507—2016，2.6.7］

3.3

諧波阻抗harmonicimpedance

電氣元件、電氣設(shè)備或電路與系統(tǒng)在某一諧波頻率下呈現(xiàn)的阻抗。

［來(lái)源：GB/T32507—2016，2.6.12］

3.4

系統(tǒng)諧波阻抗harmonicimpedanceofanetwork/system

以系統(tǒng)的某一點(diǎn)為觀測(cè)點(diǎn)，系統(tǒng)側(cè)呈現(xiàn)的諧波阻抗。

［來(lái)源：GB/T32507—2016，2.6.13］

3.5

諧波潮流harmonicpowerflow

電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行時(shí)的諧波電壓、諧波電流。

3.6

換流器converter

變流器

能實(shí)現(xiàn)完整換流功能的電氣裝置。

［來(lái)源：GB/T32507—2016，5.5］

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3.7

諧波測(cè)量點(diǎn)harmonicmeasurementpoints

對(duì)電網(wǎng)和用戶的諧波進(jìn)行測(cè)量的位置。

［來(lái)源：GB/T32507—2016，2.6.6］

3.8

諧波測(cè)量裝置harmonicmeasurementunit

用于電網(wǎng)中諧波同步測(cè)量和輸出以及進(jìn)行諧波記錄、分析的裝置，包括諧波數(shù)據(jù)采集、集中、分

析及上送等功能。

3.9

諧波測(cè)量子站harmonicmeasurementsubstation

安裝在同一發(fā)電廠、變電站或換流站的諧波測(cè)量裝置的集合。子站可以是單臺(tái)諧波測(cè)量裝置，也

可以由多臺(tái)諧波測(cè)量裝置構(gòu)成。

3.10

諧波測(cè)量主站harmonicmeasurementmainstation

安裝在控制中心，用于接收、管理、存儲(chǔ)、分析、告警、決策和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)諧波數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。

3.11

諧波測(cè)量系統(tǒng)harmonicmeasurementsystem

以諧波測(cè)量技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，以諧波監(jiān)測(cè)、分析為目標(biāo)的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。諧波測(cè)量系統(tǒng)包括主站部分

和子站部分。

4符號(hào)、代號(hào)和縮略語(yǔ)

下列縮略語(yǔ)適用于本文件。

FACTS：柔性交流輸電系統(tǒng)（flexibleACtransmissionsystems）。

IGBT：絕緣柵雙極型晶體管（insulatedgatebipolartransistor）。

PID：比例、積分、微分（proportionalintegraldifferential）。

SVC：靜止無(wú)功補(bǔ)償器（staticvarcompensator）。

STATCOM：靜止同步補(bǔ)償器（staticsynchronouscompensator）。

TCSC：晶閘管投切串聯(lián)電容器（thyristorcontrolledseriescapacitor）。

UPFC：統(tǒng)一潮流控制器（unifiedpowerflowcontroller）。

5諧波潮流分析模型

5.1輸電線路

5.1.1交流輸電線路模型宜采用集中參數(shù)的π型等值電路模型或分布參數(shù)線路模型，主要參數(shù)包括輸

電線路的正序和零序電阻、電抗、電納等。

5.1.2直流輸電線路模型應(yīng)考慮在不同頻率下大地及架空導(dǎo)線對(duì)線路電阻、電感和電容的影響，宜采

用頻變模型。

5.1.3當(dāng)諧波頻率較高時(shí)，如諧波頻率高于1kHz，輸電線路模型宜計(jì)及集膚效應(yīng)的影響，從而對(duì)線路

電阻值和電感值進(jìn)行修正。

5.2同步發(fā)電機(jī)

5.2.1在諧波潮流計(jì)算時(shí)，同步發(fā)電機(jī)宜采用序阻抗模型近似表征。

5.2.2在諧波分析的電磁暫態(tài)時(shí)域仿真中，同步發(fā)電機(jī)采用六繞組詳細(xì)模型及其參數(shù)，并計(jì)及勵(lì)磁系

統(tǒng)等環(huán)節(jié)。

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5.2.3電磁暫態(tài)時(shí)域仿真中，同步發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)模型宜采用符合實(shí)際情況的勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)模型，包括勵(lì)

磁功率部分、勵(lì)磁控制部分、發(fā)電機(jī)電壓測(cè)量和無(wú)功電流補(bǔ)償部分以及電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器部分。勵(lì)磁控

制部分由PID或反饋校正環(huán)節(jié)、功率控制環(huán)節(jié)、補(bǔ)償勵(lì)磁機(jī)時(shí)間常數(shù)的反饋環(huán)節(jié)、過(guò)勵(lì)限制環(huán)節(jié)和欠

勵(lì)限制環(huán)節(jié)等組成。

5.3變壓器

5.3.1變壓器模型采用集中參數(shù)串聯(lián)阻抗支路表示，主要參數(shù)包括變壓器短路電抗、短路損耗等。

5.3.2變壓器模型應(yīng)考慮鐵芯飽和特性。

5.4濾波器和并聯(lián)電容器

5.4.1交、直流濾波器以及并聯(lián)電容器應(yīng)采用具有詳細(xì)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和元件參數(shù)的模型。

5.4.2交、直流濾波器以及并聯(lián)電容器內(nèi)部元件包括電阻、電感和電容等。

5.5換流站交流側(cè)諧波潮流分析的換流器模型

5.5.1在諧波潮流計(jì)算時(shí)，常規(guī)直流輸電系統(tǒng)的交流側(cè)可等值為諧波電流源，直流側(cè)可等值為諧波電壓源。

5.5.2柔性直流輸電系統(tǒng)的諧波分析模型宜等值為諧波阻抗模型，且該阻抗模型應(yīng)計(jì)及柔性直流輸電

控制系統(tǒng)的作用。

5.5.3柔性直流輸電控制系統(tǒng)宜包含電流控制、直流電壓控制、交流電壓控制、鎖相控制、環(huán)流抑制

控制、功率控制等環(huán)節(jié)。

5.5.4在諧波分析的電磁暫態(tài)時(shí)域仿真中，直流輸電系統(tǒng)的一次系統(tǒng)部分（包括換流變壓器、換流

閥、直流線路、平波電抗、交直流濾波器等）應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備參數(shù)和接線方式進(jìn)行建模；直流

輸電系統(tǒng)的控制部分宜采用廠家提供的可與實(shí)時(shí)仿真器接口的實(shí)際控制系統(tǒng)物理裝置，或基于實(shí)際控

制系統(tǒng)建立的電磁暫態(tài)仿真模型。

5.6電力電子并網(wǎng)裝備

5.6.1電力電子并網(wǎng)裝備主要包括新能源并網(wǎng)發(fā)電裝備，以及SVC、STATCOM、TCSC和UPFC等

FACTS裝備。

5.6.2新能源并網(wǎng)發(fā)電裝備（如風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組和光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)）的諧波分析模型宜采用諧波阻抗模型

建模，且建模中應(yīng)考慮拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和并網(wǎng)控制策略。對(duì)于新能源場(chǎng)站可采用全部發(fā)電機(jī)組單元與場(chǎng)站集

電系統(tǒng)詳細(xì)模型，或采用場(chǎng)站等值簡(jiǎn)化模型。

5.6.3基于晶閘管器件并網(wǎng)的FACTS裝備的諧波分析模型宜采用諧波源模型建模，且建模中應(yīng)考慮器

件特性、觸發(fā)方式和拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。

5.6.4基于IGBT器件并網(wǎng)的FACTS裝備的諧波分析模型宜采用諧波阻抗模型建模，且建模中應(yīng)考慮

拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和控制方式。

5.7負(fù)荷

5.7.1電力系統(tǒng)諧波分析中，負(fù)荷宜采用綜合負(fù)荷的諧波分析模型表征。

5.7.2綜合負(fù)荷的諧波分析模型可采用串聯(lián)阻抗模型、并聯(lián)導(dǎo)納模型和包含感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)支路的模型。

5.7.3當(dāng)可以獲得準(zhǔn)確的等值諧波阻抗實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，優(yōu)先采用實(shí)測(cè)阻抗模型。

6諧波阻抗掃描

6.1諧波阻抗掃描計(jì)算方法

進(jìn)行諧波阻抗掃描計(jì)算時(shí)，宜采用導(dǎo)納矩陣法或諧波注入法。

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6.2導(dǎo)納矩陣法

6.2.1采用導(dǎo)納矩陣法時(shí)，應(yīng)以關(guān)注頻段內(nèi)各元件諧波模型為基礎(chǔ)，建立各頻率點(diǎn)的系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)納矩陣，

求取從特定母線觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)的等值諧波阻抗。

6.2.2對(duì)于發(fā)電機(jī)、變壓器、負(fù)荷、電動(dòng)機(jī)等元件，可采用集中參數(shù)模型。

6.2.3對(duì)于長(zhǎng)線路，宜采用具有頻變特性的分布參數(shù)模型。

6.2.4諧波阻抗掃描模型參見(jiàn)附錄A。

6.3諧波注入法

6.3.1采用諧波注入法時(shí)，應(yīng)首先建立系統(tǒng)的電磁暫態(tài)模型，并仿真進(jìn)入穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行點(diǎn)。

6.3.2采用在測(cè)量點(diǎn)注入諧波電流及諧波電壓，測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)（諧波電壓或諧波電流），并利用歐姆

定律Z＝UI/求取系統(tǒng)的等值諧波阻抗。

6.3.3注入諧波激勵(lì)幅值應(yīng)保持系統(tǒng)當(dāng)前線性水平，使系統(tǒng)仍處于正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，同時(shí)確保其響應(yīng)明

顯能從背景噪聲中分離，諧波激勵(lì)幅值宜取基波幅值的1%～10%。

6.4計(jì)算步長(zhǎng)及偏差控制

6.4.1導(dǎo)納矩陣法或諧波注入法的計(jì)算步長(zhǎng)一般采用1Hz～5Hz的步長(zhǎng)，也可視具體分析需求采用更

小計(jì)算步長(zhǎng)。

6.4.2各次諧波頻率范圍在計(jì)算中應(yīng)考慮一定的偏差范圍，對(duì)10次及以下次數(shù)諧波，可考慮5Hz～

10Hz的偏差。對(duì)10次以上次數(shù)諧波，可考慮10Hz～15Hz的偏差。

6.5運(yùn)行方式要求

在進(jìn)行換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)諧波阻抗掃描計(jì)算時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮換流站近區(qū)電廠不同開(kāi)機(jī)方式、電網(wǎng)設(shè)備

檢修方式的組合，以及系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷水平。

6.6統(tǒng)計(jì)包絡(luò)圖

6.6.1宜采用包絡(luò)圖的形式對(duì)諧波阻抗掃描結(jié)果進(jìn)行估計(jì)，即包絡(luò)圖中的任意一點(diǎn)均為系統(tǒng)諧波阻抗

的可能數(shù)值。

6.6.2包絡(luò)圖可采用扇形、圓形或多邊形的形式，見(jiàn)圖1（R表示電阻，X表示電抗）。

圖1扇形、圓形、多邊形包絡(luò)圖

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圖1扇形、圓形、多邊形包絡(luò)圖（續(xù)）

7諧波潮流分析

7.1諧波潮流適用場(chǎng)景及分類(lèi)

7.1.1在進(jìn)行換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)諧波分布分析、諧波諧振事件分析、系統(tǒng)諧波阻抗計(jì)算時(shí)，可進(jìn)行諧

波潮流分析。

7.1.2諧波潮流計(jì)算可采用經(jīng)典諧波潮流分析法，或諧波潮流交直流統(tǒng)一迭代分析法。

7.2諧波潮流的分析方法

7.2.1經(jīng)典諧波潮流分析法

a）經(jīng)典方法分析和計(jì)算其交流側(cè)所產(chǎn)生的諧波電流和直流側(cè)所產(chǎn)生的諧波電壓。

b）交流側(cè)所產(chǎn)生的諧波電流和直流側(cè)所產(chǎn)生的諧波電壓分別等效為交流側(cè)諧波電流源和直流側(cè)諧

波電壓源，從而分別計(jì)算交流系統(tǒng)和直流系統(tǒng)中的諧波電壓和電流分布。

7.2.2諧波潮流交直流統(tǒng)一迭代分析法

a）交直流統(tǒng)一迭代分析法模擬了換流裝置的非線性特性，考慮了交、直流系統(tǒng)諧波電壓和諧波電

流通過(guò)交、直流網(wǎng)絡(luò)而形成的相互影響，采用迭代求解的方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算。

b）交直流統(tǒng)一迭代分析法可按照換流站交流側(cè)變量迭代收斂或直流側(cè)變量迭代收斂。在進(jìn)行諧波

潮流計(jì)算之前，宜進(jìn)行一次常規(guī)的交直流系統(tǒng)基波潮流計(jì)算，以提高統(tǒng)一迭代的收斂性。

7.3諧波潮流分析的時(shí)域仿真方法

7.3.1時(shí)域仿真工具

諧波分析的時(shí)域仿真宜采用電磁暫態(tài)類(lèi)仿真程序或?qū)崟r(shí)仿真工具。

7.3.2時(shí)域仿真步長(zhǎng)

在應(yīng)用電磁暫態(tài)仿真工具進(jìn)行諧波潮流分析時(shí)，仿真步長(zhǎng)取值宜小于等于50μs，以精確模擬直流

換流站電力電子器件的開(kāi)斷過(guò)程影響。

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7.3.3時(shí)域仿真考慮的元件模型

輸電線路、同步發(fā)電機(jī)、變壓器及電力電子并網(wǎng)設(shè)備等模型參照5.1～5.7中的對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容。

8電網(wǎng)諧波同步測(cè)量

8.1諧波同步測(cè)量適用場(chǎng)景

8.1.1在進(jìn)行換流站交流側(cè)電網(wǎng)諧波分布分析、評(píng)估諧波源和諧波吸收點(diǎn)、系統(tǒng)等值時(shí)，宜進(jìn)行諧波

同步測(cè)量。

8.1.2在進(jìn)行諧波電壓、諧波電流相角測(cè)量時(shí)，必須進(jìn)行諧波同步測(cè)量。

8.2諧波同步測(cè)量

8.2.1電網(wǎng)諧波同步測(cè)量主要針對(duì)準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)諧波，應(yīng)避免暫態(tài)諧波的影響。

8.2.2不同量測(cè)點(diǎn)的諧波測(cè)量嚴(yán)格在同步時(shí)間下進(jìn)行，所有諧波測(cè)量結(jié)果均需標(biāo)注同步時(shí)標(biāo)。

8.2.3根據(jù)諧波源特點(diǎn)，諧波同步測(cè)量時(shí)宜采用調(diào)整諧波次數(shù)測(cè)量范圍的方法，以提高測(cè)量精度和計(jì)

算速度。

8.2.4電網(wǎng)諧波同步量測(cè)裝置需具備北斗授時(shí)/守時(shí)單元，或GPS授時(shí)/守時(shí)單元。

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附錄A

（資料性）

諧波阻抗掃描模型

A.1發(fā)電機(jī)

發(fā)電機(jī)可視為一個(gè)等值阻抗后的電壓源，發(fā)電機(jī)的諧波阻抗模型為：

234

RnRfabncndnenaa011111()fffff＝＋＋＋＋()()

233································（A.1）

＝＋＋＋＋

XnXfabncndnendd022222()f()(ffff)

式中：

f0——基頻頻率；

nf——諧波次數(shù)；

Rna()f——發(fā)電機(jī)nf次諧波電阻；

Rfa0()——發(fā)電機(jī)基頻電阻；

Xnd()f——發(fā)電機(jī)nf次諧波暫態(tài)電抗；

Xfd0()——發(fā)電機(jī)基頻次暫態(tài)電抗；

a1、b1、c1、d1、e1、a2、b2、c2、d2、e2——用戶自定義參數(shù)。

具體可采用以下發(fā)電機(jī)諧波阻抗模型（即選取a＝，1bcde＝＝＝＝0，b＝，0ac＝＝

11111222

de＝＝）0：

22

＝

Rnaa0()fR()f

························································（A.2）

＝

Xndd0()fX()fnf

A.2變壓器

變壓器諧波阻抗模型為：

kk12

RnTT0()fff＝＋＋R()(fabncn)

·············································（A.3）

＝

XnTT0()ffX()fn

式中：

RnT()f——變壓器nf次諧波電阻；

RfT0()——變壓器基頻電阻；

XnT()f——變壓器nf次諧波電抗；

XfT0()——變壓器基頻電抗；

a、b、c、k1、k2——用戶自定義參數(shù)。

具體可采用以下變壓器諧波阻抗模型（即選取a＝1，bckk＝＝＝＝0）：

12

＝

RnTT0()fR()f

························································（A.4）

＝

XnTT0()fX()fnf

A.3負(fù)荷

負(fù)荷的諧波模型為：

P02

g()nabncn＝＋＋()

fU211ff1

···············································（A.5）

Q02

bn()＝＋＋(abncn)

fU222ff2

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