2025年技術(shù)員英文面試題庫及答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle?A.RequirementsgatheringB.DesignC.ImplementationD.Marketing2.Whatdoestheacronym"API"standfor?A.ApplicationProgrammingInterfaceB.AdvancedProgrammingInterfaceC.ApplicationProcessIntegrationD.AutomatedProgrammingInterface3.InSQL,whichkeywordisusedtoselectdatafromadatabase?A.SELECTB.DELETEC.UPDATED.INSERT4.Whatistheprimarypurposeofafirewallinnetworksecurity?A.ToincreaseinternetspeedB.TomonitorandcontrolincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficC.TostoredataD.Toencryptdata5.Whichofthefollowingisaversioncontrolsystem?A.GitB.JavaC.PythonD.HTML6.WhatisthedefaultportnumberforHTTP?A.20B.21C.80D.4437.Inprogramming,whatdoestheacronym"JSON"standfor?A.JavaScriptObjectNotificationB.JavaScriptObjectNotationC.JavaScriptObjectNotationD.JavaScriptObjectNumber8.Whatistheprocessofconvertinghigh-levelprogrammingcodeintomachinecodecalled?A.CompilationB.InterpretationC.ExecutionD.Debugging9.Whichofthefollowingisastaticdatastructure?A.ArrayB.LinkedListC.StackD.Queue10.Whatistheprimarypurposeofadatabaseindex?A.ToincreasethesizeofthedatabaseB.ToimprovethespeedofdataretrievalC.TodeleteunnecessarydataD.Toorganizedataintotables二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theprocessofwritingandmaintainingcodeiscalled_______.2.Avariablethatholdsawholenumberiscalledan_______.3.Theprocessofbreakingdownaproblemintosmallerpartsiscalled_______.4.Thesetofrulesthatgovernhowdataisstoredandretrievediscalledthe_______.5.Theprotocolusedfortransferringhypertextdocumentsontheinternetiscalled_______.6.AdatastructurethatfollowstheLastIn,FirstOut(LIFO)principleiscalleda_______.7.Theprocessofconvertinghuman-readablecodeintomachine-readablecodeiscalled_______.8.Thesetofinstructionsthatacomputerfollowstoperformtasksiscalledthe_______.9.Adatastructurethatstoreselementsinasequentialmanneriscalleda_______.10.Theprocessofverifyingandvalidatingthequalityofsoftwareiscalled_______.三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Pythonisastaticallytypedlanguage.2.TheHTTPprotocolisusedforsecurecommunicationovertheinternet.3.Adatabaseindexcanslowdowndatainsertion.4.Theacronym"URL"standsforUniformResourceLocator.5.Theprocessofdebugginginvolvesfindingandfixingerrorsincode.6.Alinkedlistisadynamicdatastructure.7.Theprimarypurposeofafirewallistoblockunauthorizedaccesstoanetwork.8.JSONisatext-basedformatforstoringandexchangingdata.9.Theprocessofcompilingcodeisfasterthaninterpretingcode.10.Adatabasequeryisarequestfordatafromadatabase.四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenastaticandadynamicdatastructure.2.Describetheroleofadatabaseindexinadatabasemanagementsystem.3.Whatarethemaincomponentsofasoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle?4.Discusstheimportanceofversioncontrolsystemsinsoftwaredevelopment.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Howdoesafirewallhelpinmaintainingnetworksecurity?Discussitsprimaryfunctions.2.ExplaintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingJSONfordataexchange.3.Discusstheimportanceofdebugginginthesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.4.Howdoestheconceptof"statictyping"differfrom"dynamictyping"inprogramminglanguages?答案和解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案1.D2.A3.A4.B5.A6.C7.B8.A9.A10.B二、填空題答案1.Softwaremaintenance2.Integer3.Problemdecomposition4.Databaseschema5.HypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP)6.Stack7.Compilation8.Program9.Array10.Softwarequalityassurance三、判斷題答案1.False2.False3.True4.True5.True6.True7.True8.True9.False10.True四、簡答題答案1.Staticdatastructures,suchasarrays,haveafixedsizeandareallocatedmemoryatcompiletime.Dynamicdatastructures,suchaslinkedlists,cangroworshrinkinsizeduringruntimeandareallocatedmemorydynamically.2.Adatabaseindeximprovesthespeedofdataretrievalbycreatingadatastructurethatallowsforquicklookupofdata.Ithelpsinsortingandorganizingdata,makingqueriesmoreefficient.3.Themaincomponentsofasoftwaredevelopmentlifecycleincluderequirementsgathering,design,implementation,testing,deployment,andmaintenance.4.Versioncontrolsystemshelpintrackingchangesincode,allowingmultipledeveloperstoworkonthesameprojectwithoutconflicts.Theyalsofacilitatecollaboration,backup,andrecoveryofcode.五、討論題答案1.Afirewallhelpsinmaintainingnetworksecuritybymonitoringandcontrollingincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficbasedonpredeterminedsecurityrules.Itactsasabarrierbetweenatrustedinternalnetworkandanuntrustedexternalnetwork,preventingunauthorizedaccessandprotectingsensitivedata.2.JSONhastheadvantageofbeinglightweightandeasytoreadandwrite,makingitsuitablefordataexchangebetweendifferentsystems.However,itlackssomeofthefeaturesofmorecomplexdataformatslikeXML,anditdoesnotsupportcomplexdatastructuresliketreesorgraphs.3.Debuggingiscrucialinthesoftwaredevelopmentprocessasitinvolvesidentifyingandfixingerrorsincode.Ithelpsinensuringthesoftwarefunctionscorrectly,improvesreliability,andenhancesuserexperience.4.Statictypingrequiresvariablestobedeclaredwitha