PAGEPAGE10共NUMPAGES10楊浦區(qū)2025學年度?? 2025年12105115GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DehorningRhinos（犀牛）HelpsSaveAccordingtonewresearch,cuttingoffrhinos’hornsreducesthepoaching(偷獵)oftheanimalsbynearlyRhinosarehuntedfortheirhorns,andscientiststhinktherearenowfewerthan28,000rhinos(1) (leave)intheAteamofresearchersstudieddifferentrhinoprotectionmethodsusedinGreaterKrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica,between2017and2023.About25%ofAfrica’srhinopopulationlivesinGreaterKruger,andtheresearcherswantedtofindout(2) methodsworkedwell.Theprotectionmethods(3) studiedincludedusingdetectioncameras,trackingdogs,helicopters,andguardstokeepaneyeoutforpoachers.Morethan700poacherswerearrested,buttheresearchersfoundthat(4) (arrest)theillegalhuntersdidn’tsignificantlyreducethenumberofrhinosthatwere(5) (call)themethod“dehorning”,theresearchersarenowcuttingofftherhinos’hornsinanattempttoprotectthem.Thisdoesn’thurttheanimalsbecausetheirhornsaremadeofkeratin,thesamesubstancethat(6) (make)uphumanhairandfingernails.Thehornscangrowbackovertime,sotheaveragerhinoneedstobedehornedevery18months(7) twoyears.Theresearchersfoundthatdehorningreducedpoachingby78%.Whiledehorningrhinoscansavetheanimals’lives,anotherstudydiscoveredthatthemethodchangestheirbehavior.Itfoundthatdehornedrhinosare(8) (likely)togetinvolvedinsocialinteractionswithotherrhinos,andtheareatheychoosetocoverastheywanderismuchsmaller.Scientiststhinkthat(9) rhinosusetheirhornsinbattlestoprotecttheirterritory,withoutahorntheymaybecomemorecarefulandavoidconflicts.Researchersmaintainthataddressingtherootcausesofillegalhunting(10) bethetoppriorityforalong-termsolution,insteadofdehorningrhinos.SectionA. B.C. D.E. G. H. I. J.K.Directions:FillineachblankwithaproperA. B.C. D.E. G. H. I. J.K.DoINeedtoParentMyOnlyChildinaDifferentQ:Ihaveanonlychild,andpeopleoftencommentaboutthembeingatriskofbecomingspoiled,selfish,orunabletosocialize.NowI’mworryingabouthowIcanmakesureIamraisingmychildintherightway.A:Firstly,IwanttosayIamdeeplysorrythatanyonewouldmakesuchcomments.Theseideasabout‘who’yourchildmaybeare(11) ofthatperson’sanxietiesanddiscomfort,andaresadlyignorant.Britishconcernsaboutonlychildren’ssocialdevelopmentemergedin1850,linkingtheir(12) toinsufficientpeerinteractionandextremelyhighadultcontactthroughoutthe19th-20thcenturies.Recentresearch(13) theseassumptionsandshowntherearenosignificantdifferencesbetweenchildrenwhohave（兄弟姐妹）andthosewhodon’t.Infact,somestudiesreportthatonlychildrenmaybemoreconfident,strong,andhaveabetterqualityoflife.Butthesefindingscannotbe(14) fromthecontextofmostofthisresearchtakingplacewithinmiddle-classfamilies.Whatwecansaywith(15) isthatonlychildrenaremuchmorelikeotherchildren(whohavesiblings)thantheyaredifferent.Thetruthis,it’snotthenumberofsiblingsachildhasthat(16) themintotheadulttheybecome.Theirrelationshipwiththeirparentsactuallyhasthegreatestinfluenceontheirdevelopment.So,ifyouwanttoraiseyourchildwell,keepfocusingontherelationshipyouare(17) withthem,andgetcuriousaboutwhotheyareandwhattheyaretryingtocommunicateandexpress.Learntoacceptyourmistakesasaparentandofferyourchildrepairwhenyougetthingswrong.Parentingismessy,and(18) yourchildrightisgoingtolookdifferentforeveryone,butatthe(19) ofeverythingyoudoisloveforyourchild.Love,however,is(20) ,soletgoofthepressuretogetit‘right’ortoparentyourchilddifferentlybecausetheydon’thavesiblingsand,instead,enjoytheparentingjourneywiththem.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheSunkCostIneconomics,thesunkcosteffectisinfamous.Itoccurswheneverwedoubledownon(21) decisionsbasedonpastinvestmentsthatcan’tberecovered.MarketingprofessorChristopherOlivolapointstoafewwaysthatthesunkcosteffectistiedtoyourwallet.Youmightsitthroughtheentiretyofamoviethatyou(22) fromthebeginning,forinstance,ifonlytojustifythecostoftheticket.Similarly,youmight(23) hittingthegym,evenaftersustainingapainfulinjury,ifyourexpensivemembershipisnonrefundable.“Butwhatishappeninginallthesesituationsisthatyou’renotreallygettingbackthatmoney,orwhateveritisyouinvested,”saysOlivola.“That’spartofwhyit’snot(24) Thesunkcosteffectcanplayout(25) ,too.Researchershavetiedthesamefaultyreasoningtoongoinginvestmentsinfossilfuels,despiteincreasinglyavailableenergy(26) andalarmingclimatepredictions.The(27) ofthesunkcosteffectisaphenomenonthat’sbeenstudiedtimeandtimeagain.Butresearchersstillhaven’tquite(28) thereasonhumanskeepfallingforit.Basedonhisownresearch,Olivolatendsto(29) ourdesiretoreducewaste.“Wedisliketoseeourselvesorothersaswasteful,”hesays.Anotherpossiblereason?Wetendtoopenupamental“bankaccount”wheneverweinvestmoney,time,oreffortintosomething,hesays.Subsequently,theonlywaywecanthen“close”thisaccountisbygettingour(30) money’sworth.Incertaincircumstances,thesunkcosteffectcouldactuallyhelpyouachievemajor(31) likebecomingmorefitorfinishingadegree.Butifyoufindyourself(32) topastdecisionsyoucan’tchange,thesunkcosteffectisnolongerbeneficial.How,then,doweovercomethismindset?Whenitcomesto(33) theeffort,time,ormoneyothershaveinvestedinus,it’simportanttorememberthatourfriendsandfamilymembersdon’tactuallywantustosufferattheirexpense.Don’tfeeltoobadifyoustillfindyourself(34) .EvenforOlivola,whohasspentmorethantwodecadesstudyingthesesortsofthings,thesunkcostphenomenoncanstillbe(35) .“So,youknow,ifyoucanovercomeit,you’rebetterthanme,”headds.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.onalarger B.fromamoreacademicC.onamoreregular D.withgreater26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.respondedB.putC.reflectedD.pinned29.A.B.C.D.30.A.B.C.D.31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33.A.B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.KathyXuhadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.Theopportunityfinallycamein2011,whenshewentonasnorkellingtrip(浮潛之旅).Notonlywasshenotscaredofthewhaleshark,thethen29-year-oldwassoinspiredbyitsbeautyandgracethattearssprangtohereyesinsidehersnorkelmask.AfterreturninghometoSingapore,XulearnedaboutthesharktradetakingplaceatoneofIndonesia’slargestfishmarkets,wheresharkpartsincludingmeatandteetharecutupforexport,withthefinsbeingthemostprized.Curious,XupackedherbagsandheadedtoTanjungLuar,ontheislandofLombok.There,shespokewithseveralfishermen.Sharkfishingisriskyandinvolveshardphysicalwork,butitisoneofthefewwaysforthemtoprovidefortheirThefishermenwereknowledgeableandfeltagreatsenseofprideforthelocalsealife.OncetheyheardthatXulikedtosnorkel,theyurgedhertovisitthecoralreefs珊瑚礁）nearthefishmarket.Thereefswerebreathtaking,overflowingwithlifeandcolour.Xuwasconfidentthatecotourismwasthesolution.“ItoldthemI’dpaythemtotaketouristsouttoseethesesnorkellinghotspots,”shesays.Inlate2012,Xuquitherfull-timeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect.Inlate2013,TheDorsalEffectlauncheditsfirstboattrip.SnorkellerspaidUS$120foraone-dayexcursiontoexploreplacesthatthelocalfishermenknowaboutbutcouldnotbefoundonaGooglesearch.Itprovidesamuchmorereliableincomeforthefishermenthantheunstableandoftendangerousjobofsharkfishing.Fornow,Xu,41,isproudofthesmallchangessheseeshappeningonLombok,fromthefishermenwhonowhaveanewwaytoearnanincometotheschoolchildrenwholearnaboutsharksontourswithTheDorsalEffect.Inthepastdecade,globaldemandforsharkfinshasdeclined—apromisingresultofconservationcampaigns—butstrictergovernmentregulationisneeded.HowdidKathyXufeelthefirsttimeshesawasharkintheA. B. C. D.WhatwasspecialaboutthesnorkelingsitesofferedbyXu’sTheywereonlyaccessibletoexperiencedTheywerepopulardestinationslistedontravelTheywereexclusivelocationsknownonlytolocalTheywereprotectedareaswithrestrictedWhatcanbelearnedaboutTheDorsalItisprimarilyfocusedonprovidingentertainmentforItprovidesamorereliableincomeforlocalIthassuccessfullyeliminatedthedemandforsharkItwasfundedbyaformerschoolteachertofocusonThemainideaofthepassagecanbeconcludedas aneco-friendlywayoflivingforfishermenaninnovativeecotourismventuretohelptacklesharkapersonaljourneyfromawatersportenthusiasttoamarineasuccessfulbusinessmodeltocombineconservationwithASKASKUSHowdoyougrowplantsinthePlantsarecrucialtohumansurvival,evenwhenthere’snosunlight.ButdealingwithdarknessissecondnatureforsomeonelikeHowardLevine,chiefscientistforNASA’sISSResearchOffice.Spacemightbeanextremeexample,butenclosed,darkhabitatsexistonthegroundtoo.Keepingyourhouseplantsaliveinwindowlessroomsorduringshortwinterdayscanbeachallenge.Luckily,therearestrategiestohelp,evenwhentheirsunnysourceofenergyisMiniindoorDarknessusuallymeansadeclineinnaturalheatInIcelandhorticulturistJamesMcDanielusesgeothermal地熱的heatinhisgreenhousestoprotecthisplants.Eachofthestructureshasholesbeneaththatstretchdeeptoapocketofsteaming—hotwater,heexplains.“Youcanchannelthatsteamintothepipesthroughthegreenhouseandusenaturalairflowtokeepthetemperatureasetrange.”Butyoudon’tneedvolcanicenergytorunaminiindoorgreenhouse,whichcanbeassimpleasputtingacabinetorshelftogether.Aheatercanaddwarmth,althoughyoumightwanttopairitwithadampnessregulatortokeepfromdryingyourhouseplantsout.Forindividualplants,glasscoverscantrapheatfromlimitedsunlightandalsoenclosewatervapors,whichprotectplantsfromtheairconditionerinthesummerandtheheaterintheGrowPlantgrowlightsprovideaneasyandaccessibleenergyboostindarkspaces.Thesespecializedlightrayshavedifferentfeatures,colors,andprices.LEDs,forinstance,arethecheapestandmostenergy-efficientoption,usingaboutathirdoftheelectricityofoldlightbulbs.Whilemostdevicessticktoawarmwhiteband,plantsresponddifferentlytovariouscolorwavelengths.InLevine’sexperimentsonEarth,redlightworkedwellforthethinfloweringplantsArabidopsis.ButintheISS’sweightlessenvironment,theystretchedintofunnyshapesuntilhestartedaddingblueBrightIfelectricityisalimitingfactor,youcantrytoreflectlightwithmirrors.Evenbrighteningupyourspacewithwhitedecor,likealight-coloredtablecloth,willcastalittleglowontoyourplants.Themakeupofyourindoorgardenwilldictatehowmuchbrightnessyouneedtoadd,Levineexplains.SomeplantsincludinglettuceandtomatoesneedmorelightthanthoselikeArabidopsis.Therefore,researchtheplants’nativerangestolearnhowmuchsunshinethey’dnaturallyget.Ifagardenerisplanningtosetupaminiindoorgreenhouseinaroomwithlimitedsunlight,whichofthefollowingsetupswouldbemosteffectiveformaintainingasuitableenvironmentforplantgrowth?AcabinetwithaheaterandadampnessAshelfwithglasscoversfornaturalAgreenhousewithholesconnectedtoageothermalheatAgreenhousewithsteampipesforcontrollingvolcanicTheprimarypurposeofusinggrowlightsforplantsindarkenvironmentsis toprovideadditionaltocreateadecorativetosupplyenergythroughtoabsorblightusingspecialAccordingtothearticle,whichmethodmayworkwellforreflectinglighttohelpplantsUsingdark-coloredPaintingwallsReplacinglightbulbswithLEDRemovingmirrorsfromtheWhenafireatasupplier’sfactoryforcedatemporaryshutdownattheplantofalargeEuropeanmanufacturerofconsumergoods,TimSchweisfurthandhiscolleaguesattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichfoundasurprisingupside:Theidleness（閑散）ledtoanoutpouringofideasforimprovements.Theconclusion:UnexpectedInterruptionsCanBoostCreativity.Wediscoveredthiswhenwelookedattheonlinesystemthecompanyusedtocollectplantworkers’ideasandsuggestions.Peoplecouldentersubmissionswhenevertheywereon-site.Someproposedsmallchanges,likereplacingworntools;others,majorones,suchasanewpaint-orderingsystemthatsavedthefirm€280,000ayear.The8,500employeesinthepartoftheplantthatshutdownweresenthomeforfourdays.Inthethreeweeksaftertheyreturnedtowork,theyproduced58%moreideasthanuninterruptedemployeesdid.Inaddition,theirideaswerehigherquality:Managersratedtheacceptedsubmissionsanddeterminedthatthosefromsidelinedemployeeswereroughlythreepercentagepointsbetterthanthosefromotherworkers.Wealsostudiedanunexpectedinterruptionattheplantthatdidn’tleadtoidletime:afloodthatrequiredemployeestocleanupthedamage.Thatincidentloweredcreativeperformancebecauseworkershadtoswitchtheirattentiontothenewtask.AsimilarthinghappenswhenyourfocusimmediatelyshiftsafterasocialmediaappbeepstosignalanewTherearemanygoodreasonstotakeavacation,butourresearchdoesn’tsuggestitwillimproveyourcreativityatwork,becauseitwouldn’tbeanunexpectedinterruption.Whenwelookedatathirdkindofinterruptionattheplant—extendedweekends—wefoundnoincreaseinemployeesuggestionsafterpeoplereturnedtowork.Wethinkthereasonhastodowithso-calledattentionresidue—thesweetspotforcreativity.It’swhenourmindscontinuetothinkoversomethingthat’simportanttousevenafterwe’vemovedontoanotheractivity.Thinkofallthetimesyou’vehadabreakthroughmomentintheshowerorwhilepushingacartaroundthegrocerystore.Thoseinsightsallresultedfromyourbrain’sbehind–the–scenesperseveration.Whenwedosomethingthatallowsustototallydisengage,suchastakingalongweekendoravacation,wedon’texperiencethesameattentionresidue,sowedon’thavethesamekindsofWhatdidthestudyfindaboutemployeeswhoexperienceda4-dayTheircreativitydecreasedTheysubmittedmostlyminortoolMostoftheirideaswereapprovedbyTheyproducedmoreandbetterideasafterWhatconclusioncanbedrawnconcerningunexpectedinterruptionsbasedonthefloodIdletimehasanegativeimpactonthegenerationofcreativeCreativitydependsuponhowmuchattentionremainsontheoriginalCreativityisdeterminedbyhowfocusedanindividualpersonEmployeesaremotivatedtobemorecreativeinthefaceofaTheunderlinedwords“attentionresidue”inthelastparagraphmeans persistentmentalfundamentalspiritualtemporarypsychologicalhabitualtask-switchingWhichofthefollowingsituationsismostlikelytoboostAnextendedweekendatAfive-dayplannedtriptoascenicAshort,unexpectedbreakfromAnunexpectedwork-relatedSectionSoifyouSoifyouplaceatrackerinyourownbag,forexample,itwillnotactivatetheBluetoothtrackersaresmall,sovictimsoftrackingseldomfindthemiftheydonotknowtosearchforThatway,iftheymisplacetheobjectthetrackerisattachedto,theycanlookuptheinformationtofinditSmartphonescansearchfortrackers,andsomenowhavebuilt-insettingsthatwillsendyouanotificationifyouarebeingtracked.Thisisthecasewithtrackingtechnology,whichhasundergonemanyimprovementsinrecentThisismeanttoavoidfalsealarmsincasethetrackerbelongstosomeoneelsewhojusthappenstobeAmIBeingTechnologyenablespeopletodomanyextraordinarythings,butitcanalsobemisusedandcauseharm.Fortunately,additionaldevelopmentscancountersomeofthesenegativeusesoftechnology.(47) Bluetoothlocationtrackersweredesignedtohelppeoplerecoverlostitems,suchassuitcasesorwallets.Theycanalsobeplacedincarstohelpapersonfindtheircarifitgetsstolen.Buttheycanalsobeplantedinsomeoneelse’sbagorcarwithoutthatperson’spermissiontotrackthemwithouttheirknowledge.(48) peoplewhochoosetotrackothersoftenhavebadmotivesthatplacethepeopletheytrackingreatdanger.(49) Butifyoursdoesn’torifyouwanttobeabletodetectmorebrandsoftrackers,youcandownloadappsthatwilldoamorethoroughjob.Trackerdetectionappsnotifythephone’sownerifthephonedetectsatrackerthathasbeennearitforanextendedtime.Thereisoftenadelaybetweenwhenthetrackerisdetectedandwhenthenotificationissent.(50) Forexample,ifsomeonehasatrackerontheirkeyandwalkspastyouinapublicplace,thatwillnottriggeranotification.Butifthetrackerremainsnearyouforawholeday,especiallyifyouaremoving,itisprobablyonsomethingyouown,andtheappwillnotifyyou.Ifyoususpectthatsomeoneistrackingyou,takeactionnowtoavoidapotentiallydangerousSummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheHappinessWhatwouldyouranswerbeifIweretoaskyouwhatyouwantedfromlife?AuthorGretchenRubinaskedherselfthatquestiononedaywhilesittingintrafficonabus.Aftergivingitsomethought,sherealizedthat,overall,shewantedtobehappy.Ifhappinesswastobehergoal,Rubinrealized,“Timeispassing,andI’mnotfocusingenoughonthethingsthatreallymatter.”Thisconclusionbegana12-monthcommitmenttodiscoverwhatwouldaddmorehappinesstoherlife.ThejourneyresultedinRubin’sNewYorkTimesbest-sellingbookTheHappinessProject.Inanefforttoreachhergoal,shetestednumeroustheoriesonhappiness.Readingthroughphilosophy,science,popularcultureandmore,thewriterchosespecifichabitstoexamineandtrytointegrateintoherlifestyle.Rubin’sbookisdividedinto12chapters,eachhighlightingadifferentmonthandspecificareaoffocus.Inchaptersonethrough11,eachnewfocusorcategoryincludesthreeorfourthingstoworkon.Forinstance,thefirstchapterbeginswithJanuaryandtheimportanceofgettingmorephysicalandmentalenergy.Thecorrespondinggoalsconsistofgettingbettersleepandexercisingmore.Chapter12concentratesonpullingeverythingtogetherandimplementingallthenewhabits.Attheendofher12-monthjourney,Rubinconcludedthatsmall,dailychangeshad,infact,resultedinadeepersenseofhappiness.Accordingtosomeofthereviews,thisismorethanatypicalself-helpbook.It’sfullofhumor,insightandactualexamplesfromRubin’syear-longexperiment.Inthisnewyear,insteadofmakingnewresolutionsthatyou’llprobablyabandonbyFebruary,whynotgiveRubin’sHappinessProjectatry?Itislikelythatyouwillthenseeanincreaseinyourownhappinessandthehappinessyoubringtoothersaroundyou.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgivenintheGuidedDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowin 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.less9. 10.11-15DJAE 16-20BHCF21-25ABCDA26-30BBDDC31-35BAAD36-39DCB40-42AC43-46DBA47-50EBDForGretchenRubin’sbook,TheHappinessProjectoriginatedfrom/beganwithherpursuitofhappiness.Overayear,shetestedtheoriesandadoptednewhabits.Thebook’s12chaptersrecordedherexperiencesandinsight,witheachhighlightingonespecificarea.Herconclusionwasthatsmalldailychangesenhancehappinessthemost.Thebookhaswongreatreviewsandthetipsareworthtrying.【59】(offerspracticaltripsworthtrying)/(iswell-Basedonherpursuitofhappiness,GretchenRubinconductedayear-longself-experiment,testingtheoriesanda