考點分類練(十)主旨大意題(1)高考總復習優(yōu)化設計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024福建泉州三模)主題:改造舊飛機

詞數(shù):305

難度:★★★☆☆BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.Forabout$220,000,hepurchasedaGreekairliner—aBoeing727-400—thatloggedabout40,000flightsinitspeak.BeforeCampbellgothishandsonhisBoeing727andtransformeditintotheairplanehomehelivesin,thisaircraftsawregularuseasittransportedallkindsofpeopletoallsortsofdestinations.Afterthesuccessfultransform,hehostedabigDJdancepartywithacoupleoffriends.Theparty,calledTurbulence:A

Dance

Party

at

a

727

in

the

Woods,happenedrightonthewing!Guestswhoattendedthepartyalsogottheopportunitytotakealookattheairplanehome.Overall,theygottheattentionof14,000Metauserswhowereinterestedinwhatsoundedlikeanincredibleparty.Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehomeduringthebeginningof2018ontheKyushuIslandcoastbecausehewantedittoserveasasafeplaceforthelocalcommunityaswell.PartofBruceCampbell’svisionwastomakeanairlinerthatdoubledasalifeboatincasetsunami(海嘯)threatswereissued.Hewantedthegeneralpublictofindoutthatplanesarecapableofsurvivinghundredsofyearsandthecruelestweatherconditionsthankstoitssealedpressuretechnology.Campbelladoredtheexcitementthathereceivedwhenherecycledairplanesandhopedthatpeoplewouldseriouslyconsideritaftertheygotthechancetoseehishomeduringtoursandevents.Hehaspostedonhiswebsitethatitishisgoalto“inspirearenaissance(復興)ofthoughtabouthowtoemploythisremarkableresource”.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師Bruce

Campbell把舊飛機改造成家的故事。1.What

drew

wide

public

attention

to

Campbell’s

first

transformed

plane?A.Its

high

residential

comfort

level.B.Its

remarkable

transporting

capacity.C.The

incredibly

high

transformation

cost.D.The

Meta

post

of

a

party

held

on

it.答案

D解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段內容可知,Meta上舉辦派對的帖子吸引了公眾對Campbell第一架改裝飛機的廣泛關注,故選D項。2.What

did

Campbell

think

the

second

plane

could

serve

as?A.A

tsunami

warning

center.B.A

meeting

place

for

local

community.C.A

temporary

shelter

in

disasters.D.An

engineering

workshop.答案

C解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“This

talented

engineer

got

another

airliner

and

started

on

his

second

airplane

home...in

case

tsunami

threats

were

issued.”可知,Campbell認為第二架飛機可以用作災難中的臨時避難所,故選C項。3.Why

did

Campbell

transform

the

planes?A.To

direct

attention

to

housing

problems.B.To

satisfy

his

scientific

curiosity.C.To

advocate

a

greener

lifestyle.D.To

call

for

participation

in

recycling.答案

D解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段和最后一段內容可知,Campbell改造飛機是為了呼吁市民參與循環(huán)再造。4.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.A

former

engineer

turning

retired

planes

into

home.B.Recent

trends

of

renaissance-themed

decoration.C.A

talented

home

designer

receiving

online

fame.D.Diverse

approaches

for

sustainable

living.答案

A解析

主旨大意題。根據全文內容,結合第一段“Bruce

Campbell,a

retired

electrical

engineer,wanted

to

change

the

behavior

of

mankind

by

showing

how

we

can

recycle

old

things

into

new-

and

practical-

and

livable

ones.”可知,文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師Bruce

Campbell把舊飛機改造成家的故事,A項“一位前工程師把退役的飛機變成了家”能夠總結文章大意。Passage

2

(2024浙江紹興二模)主題:棄用草書

詞數(shù):336

難度:★★★☆☆Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn’treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI’djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A.”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I’mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從小學時對自己的草書書法感到自豪,到意識到現(xiàn)代趨勢使它變得不那么實用和容易理解的過程。盡管作者的朋友們很欣賞草書的美麗,但看不懂他們手寫的明信片,所以為了清晰起見,他決定改用印刷體。這一轉變象征著一個更廣泛的社會轉變,從手寫交流向打字交流轉變,顯示了傳統(tǒng)美感與實際易讀性之間的斗爭。5.What

do

we

know

about

the

Palmer

Penmanship

Method?A.It

is

characterized

by

big

flowing

lines.B.It

is

rarely

appreciated

by

traditionalists.C.It

was

not

allowed

in

students’

homework.D.It

is

viewed

as

a

trend

in

handwriting

styles.答案

A解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“The

teacher

was

teaching

us

the

Palmer

Penmanship

Method,drilling

into

us

the

importance

of

forming

big

flowing

lines

when

we

wrote

g’s

and

s’s

as

well

as

beautiful

f’s

that

in

my

mind

were

like

fairy

tale

princesses

wearing

fancy

hats

while

extending

their

right

foot.”可知,帕爾默書法的特點是線條大而流暢。故選A項。6.What

weakened

the

writer’s

belief

in

cursive?A.The

popularity

of

block

letters

in

recent

times.B.The

younger

generation’s

disinterest

in

cursive.C.His

friends’

failure

to

comprehend

his

postcards.D.His

English

friend’s

suggestion

on

postcard

design.答案

C解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段內容可知,作者朋友們無法理解他的明信片削弱了作者對草書的信念。7.Why

did

the

writer

switch

to

block

letters

for

communication?A.To

deliver

his

message

clearly.B.To

improve

his

handwriting

skills.C.To

win

praise

from

his

friends.D.To

show

his

passion

for

calligraphy.答案

A解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數(shù)第二段內容可知,作者改用大寫字母來交流是為了清楚地傳達他的信息。故選A項。8.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.The

wide

use

of

cursive.B.The

sad

decline

of

cursive.C.The

value

of

preserving

cursive.D.The

technique

of

writing

in

cursive.答案

B解析

主旨大意題。根據文章大意以及第二段“Now

it

becomes

apparent

that

young

people

no

longer

learn

cursive.They

type

everything,mostly

on

their

phones.Beautiful

handwriting

is

a

thing

of

the

past.This

has

become

a

source

of

great

sadness

among

traditionalists.”可知,文章主要講的是草書可悲的衰落。故選B項。Passage

3(2024廣東江門一模)主題:環(huán)境DNA技術

詞數(shù):345

難度:★★★★☆Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA測序).Similartovirustests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船艦),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。新的生物多樣性監(jiān)測技術——環(huán)境DNA

(eDNA)技術即將問世,文章對其進行了介紹。9.What’s

the

author’s

purpose

of

mentioning

the

example

in

paragraph

2?A.To

explain

the

process

of

qPCR

analysis

method.B.To

introduce

the

definition

of

environmental

DNA.C.To

tell

the

difference

between

two

analysis

methods.D.To

show

the

similarity

between

qPCR

and

virus

tests.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“They

then

use

one

of

the

two

analysis

methods...lived

in

that

river

without

directly

seeing

it.”可知,作者在第二段提到這個例子的目的是說明qPCR分析方法的過程。10.What’s

the

advantage

of

eDNA

sampling?A.It

can

detect

species

from

photos

and

videos.B.It

can

help

scientists

capt