2025年英語四六級(jí)考試閱讀理解沖刺卷——?dú)v史事件考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain,markedamajorturningpointinhistory.Itchangedalmosteveryaspectofdailylifeandsociety.BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,mostpeoplelivedinruralareasandworkedinagriculture.Theyproducedgoodsbyhand,usingbasictools.Lifewashard,andmostpeoplehadalowstandardofliving.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasdrivenbyseveralfactors.Onekeyfactorwastheinventionofnewmachines,suchasthespinningjennyandthepowerloom,whichmadeitpossibletoproduceclothmorequicklyandcheaply.Anotherimportantfactorwasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofenergy,particularlycoalandsteampower.Thesenewtechnologiesenabledfactoriestobebuiltincities,whereworkerscouldbeconcentrated.Thegrowthoffactoriesledtosignificantchangesinsociety.Largenumbersofpeoplemovedfromthecountrysidetocitiesinsearchofwork.Thisledtothegrowthofurbanareasandthedevelopmentofnewformsofurbanlife.However,theconditionsintheearlyfactorieswereoftenharsh.Workersworkedlonghoursindangerousenvironmentsforlowwages.Childlaborwasalsocommon.Theseconditionsledtotheriseoftradeunionsandworkers'movements,whichfoughtforbetterworkingconditionsandrightsforworkers.TheIndustrialRevolutionalsohadasignificantimpactontheenvironment.Theburningofcoaltopowerfactoriesandsteamenginesreleasedlargeamountsofpollutionintotheair.Thisledtosmogandotherenvironmentalproblemsincities.TheIndustrialRevolutionalsoledtotheexploitationofnaturalresources,asrawmaterialswereneededforindustrialproduction.Despitethenegativeimpacts,theIndustrialRevolutionhadmanypositiveeffects.Itledtotheproductionofgoodsonalargerscale,whichmadethemcheaperandmoreaccessibletomorepeople.Italsoledtothedevelopmentofnewindustriesandnewtechnologies,whichhelpedtoimprovethestandardoflivingformanypeopleinthelongrun.TheIndustrialRevolutionalsocontributedtothegrowthofglobaltradeandtheexpansionofempires.第二部分TheWorldWarI,alsoknownastheGreatWar,wasaglobalconflictthatlastedfrom1914to1918.Itinvolvedmanyoftheworld'sgreatpowers,whichwereorganizedintotwoopposingalliances:theAlliesandtheCentralPowers.ThewarbeganasalocalconflictinEuropebutquicklyescalatedintoaglobalwarduetoacomplexsystemofalliancesandtheuseofnew,devastatingweapons.TheimmediatecauseofthewarwastheassassinationofArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria-Hungaryin1914byaSerbiannationalist.Thiseventtriggeredachainreactionofdiplomaticcrisesandmobilizations,asthevariousallianceswereactivated.Germany,Austria-Hungary,andtheOttomanEmpireformedtheCentralPowers,whileFrance,Russia,andtheUnitedKingdomformedtheAllies.Thewarwasfoughtonmultiplefronts,includingtheWesternFront,wheretrenchwarfaredominated.Trencheswerelonglinesofdugoutsandfortificationswheresoldierslivedandfought.TheWesternFrontbecameastalemate,withneithersideabletomakesignificantadvances.Thewaralsosawtheuseofnewtechnologies,suchasmachineguns,barbedwire,andchemicalweapons,whichmadetheconflictmoredeadlythaneverbefore.Thewarhadaprofoundimpactontheparticipatingcountries.Millionsofsoldiersandcivilianswerekilledorwounded.Thewaralsohadeconomicconsequences,asthecostofthewarwasenormous.Manycountriesincurredlargedebtstofinancethewareffort.Thewaralsoledtopoliticalchanges,asthewarweakenedtheoldempires,suchastheAustro-HungarianandOttomanempires,andledtotheriseofnewnationsinEurope.Thewaralsohadalastingimpactontheglobalpoliticallandscape.TheTreatyofVersailles,whichendedthewar,imposedharshpenaltiesonGermany,includingthelossofterritory,thepaymentofreparations,andtheacceptanceofsoleresponsibilityforthewar.ThesetermscontributedtotheeconomicandpoliticalinstabilityinGermany,whichultimatelyledtotheriseofAdolfHitlerandtheoutbreakofWorldWarII.ThewaralsoledtotheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations,aninternationalorganizationdesignedtopreventfutureconflicts.第三部分TheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe1950sand1960swasastruggleforsocialjusticeaimedatendingracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericans.ThemovementwasinspiredbytheprinciplesofdemocracyandequalityandwasledbyprominentfiguressuchasMartinLutherKingJr.,RosaParks,andMalcolmX.OneofthekeyeventsofthemovementwastheMontgomeryBusBoycottof1955-1956.TheboycottbeganafterRosaParks,anAfricanAmericanwoman,wasarrestedforrefusingtogiveupherseatonabustoawhiteperson.AfricanAmericansinMontgomeryrefusedtousethecitybusesforoverayear,leadingtoeconomicpressureonthebuscompanyandtheeventualdesegregationofthebuses.AnotherimportanteventwastheMarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedomin1963.ThemarchwasalargeprotestheldinWashington,D.C.,wherehundredsofthousandsofpeoplegatheredtodemandcivilrightsandeconomicjustice.ThemarchisbestknownforMartinLutherKingJr.'s"IHaveaDream"speech,whichcalledforanendtoracismandthecreationofasocietybasedonequality.Themovementalsoemployedvarioustacticstoachieveitsgoals.Theseincludedsit-ins,whichinvolvedAfricanAmericanssittingatsegregatedlunchcountersandrefusingtoleaveuntiltheywereserved,andfreedomrides,whichinvolvedactivistsridingbusesthroughtheSouthtochallengesegregationlaws.Thesetacticsoftenledtoviolenceandharassmentfromwhitesupremacists,buttheydrewnationalattentiontotheissueofracialsegregation.TheCivilRightsMovementachievedmanysignificantvictories.TheCivilRightsActof1964outlawedsegregationinpublicplacesandbannedemploymentdiscriminationonthebasisofrace,color,religion,sex,ornationalorigin.TheVotingRightsActof1965aimedtoovercomelegalbarriersthatpreventedAfricanAmericansfromexercisingtheirrighttovote.TheselawsrepresentedmajormilestonesinthefightforcivilrightsandhelpedtobringaboutsignificantchangesinAmericansociety.TheCivilRightsMovementalsohadaprofoundimpactonthebroaderstruggleforsocialjustice.Itinspiredothermovementsforequality,suchasthewomen'smovement,theLGBTQ+rightsmovement,andtheanti-warmovement.ThemovementalsohelpedtochangethewayAmericansthoughtaboutraceandequality,layingthegroundworkforcontinuedprogressinthefightforsocialjustice.試卷答案第一部分1.TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain.*解析思路：文章第一段開頭明確指出“TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain,markedamajorturningpointinhistory.”，直接點(diǎn)明了工業(yè)革命開始的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。2.OneofthekeyfactorsdrivingtheIndustrialRevolutionwastheinventionofnewmachines.*解析思路：文章第二段第二句提到“Onekeyfactorwastheinventionofnewmachines,suchasthespinningjennyandthepowerloom,whichmadeitpossibletoproduceclothmorequicklyandcheaply.”，說明了新技術(shù)和新機(jī)器是推動(dòng)工業(yè)革命的關(guān)鍵因素之一。3.Thegrowthoffactoriesledtothemigrationofmanypeoplefromruralareastocities.*解析思路：文章第三段第一句指出“Thegrowthoffactoriesledtosignificantchangesinsociety.Largenumbersofpeoplemovedfromthecountrysidetocitiesinsearchofwork.”，說明了工廠的興起導(dǎo)致大量人口從農(nóng)村遷移到城市。4.TheIndustrialRevolutionhadbothpositiveandnegativeimpactsontheenvironment.*解析思路：文章第四段前兩句分別描述了工業(yè)革命對環(huán)境帶來的負(fù)面影響（如污染）和正面影響（如經(jīng)濟(jì)增長），第四句再次總結(jié)“TheIndustrialRevolutionalsohadasignificantimpactontheenvironment.”，概括了其對環(huán)境的影響。5.Theproductionofgoodsonalargerscalemadethemcheaperandmoreaccessibletomorepeople.*解析思路：文章第五段第一句明確指出“Itledtotheproductionofgoodsonalargerscale,whichmadethemcheaperandmoreaccessibletomorepeople.”，說明了大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使商品變得更便宜，更容易被更多人獲得。第二部分1.TheimmediatecauseofWorldWarIwastheassassinationofArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria-Hungary.*解析思路：文章第二段第一句直接說明了“TheimmediatecauseofthewarwastheassassinationofArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria-Hungaryin1914byaSerbiannationalist.”，指出了第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的直接原因。2.ThewarwascharacterizedbytrenchwarfareontheWesternFront.*解析思路：文章第三段第一句提到“Thewarwasfoughtonmultiplefronts,includingtheWesternFront,wheretrenchwarfaredominated.”，說明了西線戰(zhàn)場以塹壕戰(zhàn)為特征。3.TheTreatyofVersaillesimposedharshpenaltiesonGermany,contributingtotheriseofAdolfHitler.*解析思路：文章第四段最后兩句指出“TheTreatyofVersailles,whichendedthewar,imposedharshpenaltiesonGermany...ThesetermscontributedtotheeconomicandpoliticalinstabilityinGermany,whichultimatelyledtotheriseofAdolfHitlerandtheoutbreakofWorldWarII.”，說明了《凡爾賽條約》對德國的嚴(yán)厲懲罰導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治不穩(wěn)定，最終導(dǎo)致了阿道夫·希特勒的崛起和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)。4.TheLeagueofNationswasestablishedafterWorldWarItopreventfutureconflicts.*解析思路：文章第四段最后一句提到“ThewaralsoledtotheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations,aninternationalorganizationdesignedtopreventfutureconflicts.”，說明了在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后建立了國際聯(lián)盟，旨在防止未來的沖突。5.TheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStatesaimedtoendracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericans.*解析思路：文章第三段第一句明確指出“TheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe1950sand1960swasastruggleforsocialjusticeaimedatendingracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericans.”，說明了美國民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是結(jié)束對非裔美國人的種族隔離和歧視。第三部分1.RosaParks'refusaltogiveupherseatonabussparkedtheMontgomeryBusBoycott.*解析思路：文章第四段第一句提到“OneofthekeyeventsofthemovementwastheMontgomeryBusBoycottof1955-1956.TheboycottbeganafterRosaParks,anAfricanAmericanwoman,wasarrestedforrefusingtogiveupherseatonabustoawhiteperson.”，說明了羅莎·帕克斯拒絕在公交車上讓座引發(fā)了蒙哥馬利公交車抵制運(yùn)動(dòng)。2.TheMarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedomwasalargeprotestaimedatdemandingcivilrightsandeconomicjustice.*解析思路：文章第五段第一句指出“TheMarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedomin1963.ThemarchwasalargeprotestheldinWashington,D.C.,wherehundredsofthousandsofpeoplegatheredtodemandcivilrightsandeconomicjust