注：不含主觀題第1題單選題(1分)()WhichofthefollowingspeechactscanbecategorizedintodirectivesaccordingtoJ.Searle?ARequestBApologizeCRefuseDThank第2題單選題(1分)()Whichactconcernstheeffect/consequenceofanutterancethatmayhaveontheaddressee?AAssertiveBLocutionCPerlocutionDIllocution第3題單選題(1分)()Theillocutionaryactof“It’scoldhere”maybe____________.AIfeelcold.BIt’sreallycoldhere.CAsksomeonetoopenthedoor.DAsksomeonetoturnontheaircondition.第4題單選題(1分)()WhichoneisNOToneofthemaximsofCooperativePrinciple?AQuantityBQualityCRelationDOrder第5題單選題(1分)()Inthefollowingexample,Lucyisviolatingthemaximof()?---Jack:WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?---Lucy:It’stimeforlunch.ARelationBQualityCQuantityDManner第6題單選題(1分)()_____isadvancedbyGeoffLeech.ACooperativePrincipleBPolitenessPrincipleCTheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammarDAdjacencyPrinciple第7題單選題(1分)Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtotheexamplesofnegativepoliteness?

AIamlookingforapen.BJustwanttoaskyouif

coulduseyourcomputer?

CYoumustbehungry,it’salongtimesincebreakfast.Howaboutsomelunch?

DYoumustforgivemebut…第8題多選題(2分)Generally,pragmaticmarkershavetwomacro-functions:__________.ATextualfunctionBIdeationalfunctionCInterpersonalfunctionDPhaticfunction正確答案：AC第9題單選題(1分)()Inthefollowingsentence,whichoneisthefalseexpressionaboutpragmaticmarkers?ATheyare“smallwords”suchas“well,youknow,Imean”inEnglish.BTheyseemmeanverylittlebutplaysanimportantroleinconversation.CPragmaticmarkersaresomevaguenessmarkerssuchas“sortof,kindof”orcommentclauseslike“Imean,Ithink,youknow,yousee”.DPragmaticmarkersareatypeofinsert,thatis,theyare‘stand-alonewordswhicharecharacterizedingeneralbytheirabilitytoenterintosyntacticrelationswithotherstructures’.第10題判斷題(1分)()TheCooperativePrincipleexertsrestrictionsuponthewaywetalk.?5.()Bythefeatureofindeterminacy,wemeanthatconversationalimplicaturesarehardtogetinaspecificcontext.第11題判斷題(1分)()Aconversationalimplicatureiscapableofbeingcanceled,eitherbyanexplicitlydeclarationthatthespeakerisintendingtomeanotherwise,implicitly,bytheco-textandcontext.第12題判斷題(1分)()Positivefacerefersto“Anindividual’srighttofreedomofactionandhisorherneednottobeimposedonbyothers”.第13題判斷題(1分)()Therearefivestrategiesofpoliteness:Baldon-record,Positivepoliteness,Negativepoliteness,Off-record,andDon’tdotheFTA.第14題判斷題(1分)()InLeech’sPolitenessPrinciple,itseemstosuggestthatpolitenesstendstofavorselfthanothers.第15題判斷題(1分)()Generally,pragmaticmarkershavetwomacro-functions:TextualFunction&InterpersonalFunction.Inthetextualfunctionpragmaticmarkerstypicallyindicateastructuralboundaryinthediscourse.Intheinterpersonalfunctionpragmaticmarkersareassociatedwithepistemicmodalityandexpressanemotion,areactionorattitudetothehearerortothetext.第二章課后習題第1題單選題(1分)Sociolinguistsareinterestedinexplainingwhywespeakdifferentlyindifferentsocialcontexts,andtheyareconcernedwithidentifyingthesocialfunctionsoflanguageandthewaysitisusedtoconvey__________meaning.()AlinguisticBsemanticCsocialDpragmatic第2題單選題(1分)Theformalityscaleisusefulinassessingtheinfluenceof__________ofinteractiononlanguagechoice.()AparticipantrelationshipsBthesocialsettingortypeCsocialpositionDthepurposesortopic第3題單選題(1分)Whenalanguageiswidelyusedoverarelativelylargegeographicalareaasalanguageofwidercommunication,itisknownasa__________—acommonlanguagebutonewhichisnativeonlytosomeofitsspeakers.

AstandardlanguageBvernacularlanguageCnon-standardlanguageDlinguafranca第4題單選題(1分)__________isthecaseinwhichacommunityusestwodistinctformsofthesamelanguage,oneofwhichisregardedtobemoreprestigiousthantheother.()ADiglossiaBBilingualismCCreoleDPidgin第5題單選題(1分)Whichofthefollowingstatementscannotexplainthereasonswhywomenusemorestandardlinguisticformsthanmen?()AStandardspeechformsaregenerallyassociatedwithhighsocialstatusandwomentendtobemoresensitivethanmentothestatusnormsofthelanguage.BMenplaytheroleofguardiansofsociety’svalueandsocietytendstoexpect‘better’behaviorfrommenthanfromwomen.CWomen,asasubordinategroup,mustavoidoffendingmen—andsotheymustspeakcarefullyandpolitely.DMenprefervernacularformsbecausetheycarrymachoconnotationsofmasculinityandtoughness,whichexplainswhymanywomenmightnotwanttousesuchforms.第6題單選題(1分)__________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.()AReginalvariationBChangesinemotionsCVariationinconnotationsDStylisticvariation第7題單選題(1分)Tobepoliteinvolvesassessingsocialrelationshipsalongthefollowingthreedimensionsexcept__________.()AsocialdistanceorsolidarityBgenderCrelativepowerorstatusDformality第8題單選題(1分)Theuseof__________hastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.()AtaboosBeuphemismsCjargonsDswearwords第9題單選題(1分)Socialvariationgivesriseto__________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.()ARegionaldialectsBProfessionaldialectsCStylisticdialectsDSocialdialects第10題單選題(1分)__________isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.()ASocialvariationBRegionalvariationCStylisticvariationDRegistervariation第11題判斷題(1分)Theonlyfunctionoflanguageistoaskforandgivepeopleinformation.()第12題判斷題(1分)Ray’sutteranceYeah,thatbastardSootbucketkeptusinagainonlyconveyshisfeelingsabouttheteacherreferredto.()第13題判斷題(1分)Linguisticvarietyisabroadtermwhichincludesdifferentaccents,differentvocabulary,differentgrammar,differentlinguisticstyles,differentdialectsandevendifferentlanguageswhichcontrastwitheachotherforsocialreasons.()第14題判斷題(1分)Talkbetweenneighborsoverthefenceattheweekendabouttheweather,forinstance,ismorelikelytobemainlyreferentialinfunction.()第15題判斷題(1分)Varietiesthatdifferfromthestandardlanguagearecallednon-standardlanguagesorvernacularlanguages,whosepronunciation,grammarandvocabularydifferslightlyfromthestandardlanguages.()第16題判斷題(1分)Acreoleisalanguagewhichhasnonativespeakers,andisusedwhenpeoplewhodonotspeakthesamelanguageneedtotalktoeachother.()第17題判斷題(1分)Socialdialectsaresocialvarietiesformedbysocialmembersinthesameregionbecauseofdifferencesinsocialfactorssuchasprofession,class,age,gender,educationandsoon.()第18題判斷題(1分)Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofreginalvariationoflanguage.()第19題判斷題(1分)Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.()第20題判斷題(1分)Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.()第三章課后習題第1題單選題(1分)WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaboutlanguageuse?()ALanguageuseisbothcognitiveandsocial.BCognitiveprocessesinvolvedinlanguageusemainlyincludeperceptionandthinking.CLanguageuseinvolvesaninteractionbetweenlanguageknowledgeandcognitiveprocesses.DLanguageknowledgeweneedinlanguageusemainlyincludesphonology,semantics,syntaxandpragmatics.第2題單選題(1分)Mostusefullanguageknowledgeis_________.()AexplicitBdeclarativeCtacitDinteractive第3題單選題(1分)Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutworkingmemory?()AItonlystoresinformationforabriefperiodoftime.BItbothstoresandprocessesinformation.CItcanstorelargeamountofinformation.DItconsistsoftwomaincomponents.第4題單選題(1分)Long-termmemoryisusuallydividedintotwotypes:_________.()AepisodicandsemanticBepisodicanddeclarativeCsemanticandproceduralDdeclarativeandprocedural第5題單選題(1分)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutcognitiveprocessing?()ASerialprocessingisslowandintentional.BAutomaticprocessingisfastandobligatory.CControlledprocessingisslowandeffortful.DLanguageprocessinginvolvesbothtopdownandbottomupprocessing.第6題單選題(1分)WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutmentallexicon?()AOurmentallexiconconstitutesanetwork.BOurmentallexiconincludesencyclopedicknowledgerelatedwithwords.CItreferstotheknowledgeorrepresentationofwordsinourpermanentmemory.DTheorganizationofmentallexiconissimilartothatofdictionariesweuseinlanguagelearning.第7題單選題(1分)Insentencecomprehension,parsingisusedtotrya_________analysis.()AphonologicalBlexicalCsyntacticalDpragmatic第8題單選題(1分)Accordingtothecohortmodel,spokenwordrecognitionconsistsof_________.()Aactivation,selectionandintegrationBactivation,integrationandselectionCselection,activationandintegrationDselection,integrationandactivation第9題單選題(1分)Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefunctionsofbrainregionsinlanguageuse?()ARighthemisphereismainlyresponsibleforlanguageuse.BWernicke’sareaismainlyresponsibleforlanguageproduction.CBroca’sareaismainlyresponsibleforlanguagecomprehension.DDifferentbrainregionsareresponsibleforlanguagecomprehensionandproduction.第10題單選題(1分)Anticipationisatypeofspeecherrorinwhich_________.()AtwolinguisticunitsexchangeplacesBanearliersegmentreplacesalateritemCalatersegmenttakestheplaceofanearlieroneDonespeechsegmentdisappearsfromitsappropriatelocationandappearssomewhereelse第11題判斷題(1分)Psycholinguisticstudiesareprimarilyconcernedwithlanguagecomprehension.()第12題判斷題(1分)Tacitknowledgeisusuallydescribedas“know-why”.()第13題判斷題(1分)Short-termmemoryistheabilitytoretaintheinformationwhichisselectedbyattentionfromsensorymemoryoverabrief,butlongenoughperiodoftimetouseit.()第14題判斷題(1分)workingmemoryisusedtoreplaceshort-termmemorytoemphasizetheprocessingfunctionofshort-termmemory.()第15題判斷題(1分)Memoryisrelevantforlanguageprocessinginparsing,patternrecognitionandmentalrepresentation.()第16題判斷題(1分)Ifagroupofprocessestakesplaceoneatatime,itiscalledparallelprocessing.()第17題判斷題(1分)Topdownprocessingisdata-driven,usinghigher-levelinformationtosupportlower-levelprocesses.()第18題判斷題(1分)Languageperceptioncanbeaddressedfromanumberoflevels,includingauditory,phoneticandphonologicallevels.()第19題判斷題(1分)Inparsing,weusuallytakea‘‘wait-and-see’’approach:topostponeinterpretingawordorphraseuntilitisclearerwhereasentenceisgoing.()第20題判斷題(1分)speecherroranalysisshowsthatelementsthatinteractwithoneanothertendtocomefromsimilarlinguisticenvironmentsandsimilarelements.()第四章課后習題第1題單選題(1分)AccordingtoAustin,therearethreelevelsofcoherenceindiscourse:explicit,implicit,and()coherence.AlocalBmacroCinvisibleDgeneral第2題單選題(1分)()coherenceisrealizedbysomegrammaticalandlexicalcohesivedevices.

ACovertBOvertCLocalDGeneral第3題單選題(1分)Cohesionusescohesivetieswhichlinkwordsorphraseswithotherwordsorphrasesinconnecteddiscourse,whilecoherenceviewsdiscourseasa().AproductBprocessCsocialpracticeDexpression第4題單選題(1分)()meansaparticipantorcircumstantialelementintroducedatoneplaceinthetextcanbetakenasareferencepointforsomethingthatfollows.ACoherenceBCohesionCReferenceDEllipsis第5題單選題(1分)Whithinendophora,itcanbefurtherdivdiedintoanaphoraand().AexophoraBcataphoraCreferenceDreferent第6題單選題(1分)In()pattern,aseriesofclaimsandcounterclaimsarepresentedinrelationtoagivenissue.Aproblem-solutionBgeneral-particularChypothetical-realDquestion-answer第7題單選題(1分)Peopletendtoobeyaruleofone-speaker-at-a-time,whichiscalled().AadjacencypairBpreferredstructureCturn-takingDrepairing第8題單選題(1分)Asequenceoftworelatedutterancesbytwodifferentspeakersiscalled().AinterruptionBinsertionsequenceCadjacencypairDpreferredstructure第9題單選題(1分)Astrikingfeatureofspokendiscourseisits(),whichsuggeststherelationshipbetweenclausesinspokendiscoursecanbemuchmorespreadoutandwithmorecomplexrelationsbetweenthemthanthatinwriting.AgrammaticalintricacyBtransitoryClexicaldensityDthepresenceofthereceiver第10題單選題(1分)Accordingto(),discourseanalysisisthestudyofhowstretchesoflanguageusedincommunicationassumemeaning,purposeandunityfortheirusers.AHallidayBHasanCGivonDJohnsonandJohnson第11題判斷題(1分)Cohesivetiescanguaranteecoherentdiscourse.()第12題判斷題(1分)Coherenceindiscourseinvolvesfarmorethanlexicalandgrammaticallinksbetweenelementsinthetext.()第13題判斷題(1分)Endophorameansthereferentdoesnotexistinthetextordiscourse,butinthecurrentcontext.()第14題判斷題(1分)Lexicalcohesioncanadoptvariousforms,particularlyrepetition,synonymy,hyponymyandantonymy.()第15題判斷題(1分)Therearefixednumbersoftextpatterns.()第16題判斷題(1分)Theonlywaytotaketheturnistonamethenextspeaker.()第17題判斷題(1分)Theopeningsequencesthatareusedtosetupsomespecificpotentialactionsarecalledinsertions.()第18題判斷題(1分)Spokendiscourseistransitoryortemporary,whilewrittendiscourseisrelativelypermanent.()第19題判斷題(1分)Meaninginspokendiscoursemustbemadeclearwithinthediscoursecontext.()第20題判斷題(1分)Grammaticalintricacyreferstotheratioofcontentwordstogrammatical,orfunctionwords,withinaclause.()第五章課后習題第1題單選題(1分)ThewaypeoplecelebratetheSpringFestivalbelongsto________.()ABigCcultureBmaterialcultureCsmallccultureDspiritualculture第2題單選題(1分)Whichofthefollowingisnotthefeatureofculture?()AMostofcultureishidden.BCultureislearned,nothereditary.CCultureisdynamic.DCultureissystemic.第3題單選題(1分)Themostcommonmechanismsforculturechangesarethefollowingexcept______.()Ainnovation,BimmigrationCdiffusionDacculturation第4題單選題(1分)Thechannelsofcommunicationmaybedescribedandanalyzedfrom______.()AtheforminwhichmessagesaresenttoreceiversBthesituationinwhichthecommunicationoccursCthewaythereceiverhasinterpretedthemessageDsymbolsorwordswhichcanrepresentobjects,ideas,andfeelings第5題單選題(1分)Systemincommunicationprocessrefersto______.()AlanguageusedincommunicationBsettinginwhichcommunicationhappensCchannelsbywhichmessagesarecommunicatedincommunicationDtheuniqueentity,bond,orrelationshipthatiscreated,defined,andultimatelymaintainedthroughtheprocessofcommunication.第6題單選題(1分)Culturalconflictsininter-culturalcommunicationaremainlycausedbythefollowingexcept______.()AmisinterpretationsBwrongchannelsCenthnocentrismDstereotypesandprejudice第7題單選題(1分)Collectivismischaracterizedbyarigidsocialframeworkthatdistinguishesbetween_____.()Ain-groupsandout-groupsBgroupsandindividualsCsocialnormsandindividualrightsDindividualidentityandsocialsystem第8題單選題(1分)Inhigh-contextcultures,peoplearevery______withregardtoexperiences,informationnetworks,andthelike.()AdivergentBalertChomogeneousDconscious第9題單選題(1分)Awell-structuredEnglishparagraph______