專題11閱讀六選四目錄第一部分題型解碼高屋建瓴，掌握全局第二部分考向破譯微觀解剖，精細教學(xué)典例引領(lǐng)方法透視變式演練考向01邏輯銜接詞【重難】考向02詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)與同義替換考向03代詞指代第三部分綜合鞏固整合應(yīng)用，模擬實戰(zhàn)題型簡介高考英語“六選四”題型通常出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解或完形填空的變體中，要求考生從六個選項中選出四個，填入文章空白處，使文章邏輯連貫、內(nèi)容完整。該題型主要考查學(xué)生的語篇理解能力和邏輯銜接能力，要求考生不僅能理解選項的字面意思，更能把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)、作者觀點及上下文邏輯關(guān)系。文章題材多為說明文或議論文，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰但選項干擾性強，需通過關(guān)鍵詞、指代關(guān)系及邏輯線索進行判斷。與傳統(tǒng)的七選五相比，六選四的選項更精簡，但選項之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性和迷惑性更高，對學(xué)生的綜合語篇分析能力提出了更高要求。設(shè)題類型該題型的設(shè)題主要圍繞邏輯銜接與語義連貫展開，可分為三類常見設(shè)題方式：一是段落主題句，考查對段落大意的概括能力；二是過渡句/承上啟下句，側(cè)重上下文邏輯銜接，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、舉例等；三是細節(jié)支撐句，要求選擇能佐證前文觀點或補充關(guān)鍵信息的句子。選項設(shè)計具有較強干擾性，可能包含與原文詞匯重復(fù)但邏輯不符的“詞匯陷阱”，或與局部內(nèi)容相關(guān)卻破壞整體連貫的“片面選項”。命題時注重考查學(xué)生對指代詞（如this,these）、銜接詞（however,therefore）及同義表達的敏感度。命題方式命題者首先會選取一篇邏輯清晰的文章，有目的地刪除四個關(guān)鍵句子。這些刪除點主要設(shè)計在兩類位置：一類是銜接邏輯的樞紐（如段落首尾、觀點轉(zhuǎn)折處、例證前后），另一類是信息鏈的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)（如因果鏈條、步驟順序、對比要點）。被刪除的句子往往是承載承上啟下、概括總結(jié)或補充說明功能的關(guān)鍵信息。最關(guān)鍵的一步是干擾項的設(shè)置。命題者會巧妙設(shè)計兩個干擾項，它們通常具備以下特征之一：①內(nèi)容相關(guān)但邏輯錯位（包含原文詞匯，但放入后破壞上下文邏輯）；②部分信息正確但整體不符（陳述了文中事實，卻答非所問）；③絕對化或常識性誤導(dǎo)（表述過于絕對，或符合常識但與文章具體觀點不符）。這些干擾項旨在誘導(dǎo)學(xué)生進行淺層的詞匯匹配或片面理解，從而精準區(qū)分不同能力層次的學(xué)生。解題思路解答此類題目可遵循三步策略：首先通讀全文，尤其關(guān)注空白處上下文，明確文章主旨與邏輯脈絡(luò)；其次分析選項，劃出關(guān)鍵代詞、銜接詞及與原文相關(guān)的詞匯，初步判斷選項功能（如總結(jié)、轉(zhuǎn)折、舉例）；最后雙向比對，將選項代入空白，檢查是否與前后句構(gòu)成合理的邏輯關(guān)系（如并列、遞進、因果），并確保語義連貫無矛盾。實踐中可優(yōu)先處理特征明顯的選項（含明顯銜接詞或代詞指代的句子），再通過排除法逐步縮小范圍。需特別注意避免僅因詞匯重復(fù)而誤選，而應(yīng)始終以整體邏輯為核心判斷依據(jù)?？枷?1邏輯銜接詞【例11】（2025年上海市浦東新區(qū)一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.OrangutantreatshiswoundwithamedicinalplantScientistshaveobservedawildorangutannamedRakususingamedicinalplanttotreathisownwound,abehaviorneverbeforedocumentedingreatapes.47.________Theresearchteam,ledbyIsabelleLaumeroftheMaxPlanckInstitute,firstnoticedRakushadadeepcutonhislowerleginJune2024.TheythenobservedhimchewingleavesofaplantcalledDracaenacantleyi—aspeciesknowntocontainantiinflammatoryandpainrelievingpounds—andapplyingthechewedpulpdirectlytohiswound.48.________ThisspecificitysuggestedthatRakusknewexactlywhathewasdoing,ratherthanactingoutofrandomchance.49.________Onepossibilityisthatthebehaviorisinnate,meaningRakuswasbornwiththeknowledge.50.________Anothertheoryisthathediscoveredtheplant’sbenefitsthroughtrialanderror.Forexample,hemayhaveaccidentallytouchedawoundwhilefeedingonaplantandexperienceditsanalgesiceffects,causinghimtorepeatthebehavior.ItisalsopossiblethatRakuspreviouslylearnedthebehaviorfromotherorangutans,sinceyoungorangutansrelyonsociallearningtoacquiretheskillsnecessaryforadultlife.A.Threedayslater,theysawaninterestingchainofevents.B.Andheselectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts.C.Rakusmayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstratinghowtotreatwounds.D.Laumerandcolleaguesdonotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated.E.Thefindingsmayprovideinsightsintotheevolutionofthisbehavioramonghumans.F.It’sthefirstreportofsuspectedwoundtreatmentbyawildanimalusingaplantwithknownmedicinalproperties.47.F47.F48.B49.D50.C解析：47題（段首銜接+例證鋪墊）：前句提出“科學(xué)家觀察到野生猩猩用藥用植物治療傷口”這一核心發(fā)現(xiàn)，后句詳細說明研究過程。選項F中“It’sthefirstreport”承接前文“neverbeforedocumented”，用“first”強化“首次發(fā)現(xiàn)”的邏輯，且引出后續(xù)研究的合理性，為例證做鋪墊，符合開篇銜接功能。48題（并列關(guān)系+細節(jié)支撐）：前句描述猩猩“咀嚼藥用植物并敷在傷口”的行為，后句“thisspecificity”提示設(shè)空處需體現(xiàn)“特異性”。選項B中“And”表并列，“selectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts”直接解釋“特異性”，與后句“knewexactlywhathewasdoing”形成邏輯閉環(huán)，為細節(jié)支撐句。49題（主旨句+因果引出）：后句列舉“天生具備”“試錯發(fā)現(xiàn)”“社會學(xué)習(xí)”三種行為起源的可能性，說明設(shè)空處需提出“行為起源不明”的主旨。選項D“donotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated”直接點明主旨，后句“Onepossibility”“Anothertheory”均為對該句的原因推測，符合段首主旨句功能。50題（并列關(guān)系+例證補充）：前句“Onepossibility”提出第一種推測，后句“Anothertheory”為第三種，設(shè)空處需為第二種并列推測。選項C“mayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstrating”是“社會學(xué)習(xí)”的具體表現(xiàn)，與前后句的“Onepossibility”“Anothertheory”形成并列列舉，邏輯連貫。上海高考英語六選四題型以說明文和議論文為主，文本邏輯嚴密，邏輯銜接詞是串聯(lián)上下文的“隱形線索”，也是解題的核心突破口。通過識別銜接詞所傳遞的邏輯關(guān)系，可快速匹配選項與設(shè)空處的語義關(guān)聯(lián)。以下是四大高頻邏輯關(guān)系及解題技巧：1.并列/遞進關(guān)系：同向語義延伸標志詞：and,also,besides,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,what'smore等。解題關(guān)鍵：選項需與上下文語義同向，要么補充同類信息，要么在原有基礎(chǔ)上深化。設(shè)空處前后常出現(xiàn)同類名詞、同義表達或并列結(jié)構(gòu)。2.轉(zhuǎn)折/對比關(guān)系：反向語義轉(zhuǎn)折標志詞：but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等。解題關(guān)鍵：選項需與上下文語義形成對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，重點關(guān)注設(shè)空處前后的核心觀點差異，銜接詞往往直接提示邏輯轉(zhuǎn)向。3.因果關(guān)系：因果鏈條銜接標志詞：so,therefore,thus,hence,asaresult,because,since,for,dueto等。解題關(guān)鍵：若設(shè)空處前為“因”，選項需為“果”；若前為“果”，選項需解釋“因”。需確保因果邏輯閉環(huán)，避免因果倒置。4.例證/解釋關(guān)系：抽象與具體銜接標志詞：forexample,forinstance,namely,thatis,inotherwords,specifically等。解題關(guān)鍵：若設(shè)空處前為抽象觀點，選項需為具體案例或解釋說明；若前為具體事例，選項需為概括性觀點。標志詞常直接引導(dǎo)例證內(nèi)容?！咀兪?1】（2025年上海市閔行區(qū)一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.?CanaPillFightLonelinessLonelinessisagrowingpublichealthconcern,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Itnotonlycausesemotionalpainbutalsoincreasestheriskofphysicalillnesseslikeheartdiseaseanddepression.?48.________That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthysubjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.?49.________Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyourview,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubeemorewillingtolistentoothers.?Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethefearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.?50.________Lonelinessmakespeopleoverlysensitivetonegativesocialsignals,suchasastranger’sneutralexpressionbeingseenasunfriendly.Thepillmayadjustthisoversensitivity.?51.________Iftheexperimentsucceeds,itcouldprovideanewwaytohelplonelypeoplerebuildsocialconnections,thoughexpertsremindthatpillscan’treplacerealhumaninteraction.?A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening??B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.?C.It’slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan’tseeclearly.?D.Thereisastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.?E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.?F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.?答案：48.A49.C50.F51.E?解析：?48題（段首主旨+設(shè)問引出）：后句“that'sthefocus”提示設(shè)空處需明確研究焦點。選項A以設(shè)問“藥片能否降低社交場景的威脅感”引出下文“孕烯醇酮實驗”，設(shè)問句直接對應(yīng)“focus”，符合段首引出主題的功能。?49題（比喻解釋+邏輯銜接）：后句“clearyourview”“seethingsclearly”提示設(shè)空處需用比喻體現(xiàn)“視野模糊”。選項C“開車時看不清”與“clearyourview”形成反義對應(yīng)，用比喻解釋藥片的作用，銜接自然。?50題（因果關(guān)系+細節(jié)支撐）：前句說明藥片“減少退縮恐懼”，后句解釋“孤獨使人對負面信號敏感”。選項F中“Unfortunately”表轉(zhuǎn)折，“fear...influenceyourperception”承接前句“fearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdraw”，并引出后句“overlysensitivetonegativesocialsignals”的原因，因果邏輯通順。?51題（并列關(guān)系+補充說明）：前句講藥片“調(diào)整過度敏感”，選項E中“Atthesametime”表并列，“makethemdefensive”補充孤獨的另一負面影響，且與前文“overlysensitive”形成同類語義延伸，后句“experimentsucceeds”承接該句的改善可能性。?【變式12】（2025年上海市虹口區(qū)一模）?Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.?TheBenefitsofTalkingtoYourDogManypeoplefindfortintalkingtotheirdogs,eveniftheyknowthedogscan’trespondwithwords.Recentresearchsuggeststhishabitisn’tjustaquirk—itactuallyhasrealemotionalbenefits.?47.________Whenpeoplesharetheirtroubleswithdogs,theyoftenfeellessjudgedthanwhentalkingtofriendsorfamily.Friendsmayofferadviceorcriticize,butadogsimplylistenswithoutjudgment.?48.________Thisnonjudgmentallisteningcreatesasafespaceforemotionalrelease.Forexample,apersonwholostajobmightfeelembarrassedtosharewithcolleaguesbutcanpourtheirheartouttoadog.?49.________Furthersupportforthisphenomenonesfroma2022study.Itwasfoundthatbyengaginginmicrobreakstopettheirpup,peopleareabletorelaxandrecover—inwaysthatinteractingwithnonfurryfamilymembersdoesn’t.?50.________“Theycansensewhenwe’reupset—andthey’rearguablybetteratreadingusthansomepeopleare,”saysKoga.And“becauseweknowthatourdogsreadussowell,weregulateourselvessoasnottoupsetourdogs,whichishelpfulforusaswell.”It’sapositivefeedbackloop.?A.Adogwon’ttrytofixtheproblemthewaysomepeopledo.?B.Dogsarenotjustpetsbutbelovedmembersofafamily.?C.Dogsarefantasticatreadingouremotions.?D.Readingandunderstandingtheneedsofpetshelpsimproveouroverallemotionalwellbeing.?E.Talkingtoyourdogaboutemotionallyfrustratingissuescanbeparticularlybeneficial.?F.They’remorelikelytodistractyoufromyourpain.?答案：47.E48.A49.D50.C?解析：?47題（段首主旨+總領(lǐng)全段）：前句提出“和狗說話有情感益處”，后句對比“和狗說話不被評判”與“和親友說話的壓力”。選項E“和狗談?wù)撉楦欣_特別有益”直接點明段落核心，“emotionallyfrustratingissues”對應(yīng)后句“sharetheirtroubles”，總領(lǐng)全段例證。?48題（轉(zhuǎn)折對比+細節(jié)支撐）：后句“nonjudgmentallistening”提示設(shè)空處需對比“狗與人類的不同反應(yīng)”。選項A中“won’ttrytofixtheproblem”與前句“Friendsmayofferadviceorcriticize”形成轉(zhuǎn)折對比，直接支撐“l(fā)essjudged”的觀點，細節(jié)到位。?51題（遞進關(guān)系+研究支撐）：后句“2022年研究”為具體論據(jù)，設(shè)空處需為概括性觀點。選項D“理解寵物需求提升情感健康”承接前文“情感益處”，后句“pettheirpup...relax”是對該觀點的研究佐證，遞進邏輯清晰。?50題（例證引出+引用支撐）：后句Koga的話“sensewhenwe’reupset”“betteratreadingus”提示設(shè)空處需提出“狗能讀懂情緒”的觀點。選項C“Dogsarefantasticatreadingouremotions”直接點明主旨，引用內(nèi)容為該觀點的具體解釋，銜接緊密。?【變式13】（2025年上海復(fù)旦附中高三聯(lián)合模擬考）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.?ThePowerofMicroMomentsWeoftenfocusonbiglifeevents—likeweddingsorpromotions—asthekeytohappiness.Butrecentpsychologyresearchshowsthatsmall,everydayinteractionsmaybemoreimportantthanwethink.?52.________Theyarebrief,unplannedexchangesthathappenindailylife,yettheyplayacrucialroleinshapingourwellbeing.?53.________Manypeopledismissthesemomentsas“insignificant”becausetheylastonlyafewseconds.Butstudiesshowthatfrequentmicromomentscanaccumulatetoreducestressandincreasefeelingsofbelonging.?54.________A2023studyfromHarvardUniversityfoundthatpeoplewhohad3ormorepositivemicromomentsadayreported20%higherlifesatisfactionthanthosewhohadfewer.Thestudyalsonotedthatevencasualinteractions—likeafriendlywavefromacoworker—counted.?55.________Forinstance,agenuine“howareyou?”followedbyactivelisteningismoreeffectivethanarushedgreeting.Psychologistssuggestthatbeingpresentinthesemoments—puttingdownyourphone,makingeyecontact—maximizestheirbenefits.?A.Thesesmallinteractionsarecalled“micromoments”bypsychologists.?B.However,theycanhavealonglastingimpactonouremotionalhealth.?C.Peopleoftenoverlooktheimportanceofdailysmallconversations.?D.Micromomentscanalsostrengthenrelationshipsbetweenstrangers.?E.It’snotjustthequantitybutthequalityofmicromomentsthatmatters.?F.Forexample,asmilefromabaristaorachatwithaneighborcanliftyourmood.?答案：52.A53.B54.F55.E?解析：?52題（定義解釋+術(shù)語引出）：前句提出“日常小互動很重要”，后句“they”指代設(shè)空處的名詞短語。選項A中“Thesesmallinteractions”承接前句“small,everydayinteractions”，并定義為“micromoments”，引出后文對該術(shù)語的展開，符合定義銜接功能。?53題（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系+強調(diào)重要性）：后句“dismissthesemomentsasinsignificant”與“frequentmicromomentscanaccumulatetoreducestress”形成轉(zhuǎn)折。選項B中“However”表轉(zhuǎn)折，“l(fā)onglastingimpact”與“insignificant”形成對比，強調(diào)小互動的隱性價值，邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折自然。?54題（例證關(guān)系+研究支撐）：后句“哈佛大學(xué)研究”證明“積極微時刻提升生活滿意度”，設(shè)空處需為具體例證。選項F“咖啡師的微笑、鄰居的閑聊”是對“micromoments”的具體舉例，與后句“casualinteractions—likeafriendlywave”同類呼應(yīng)，為研究做鋪墊。?55題（遞進關(guān)系+質(zhì)量強調(diào)）：后句“真誠問候比匆忙招呼更有效”提示設(shè)空處需從“數(shù)量”轉(zhuǎn)向“質(zhì)量”。選項E“notjustthequantitybutthequality”表遞進，直接引出后文對“質(zhì)量”的具體說明，“genuine...activelistening”是對“quality”的詮釋，邏輯連貫?？枷?2詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)與同義替換【例21】（2025年上海浦東新區(qū)高三二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.1._______.AstudybytheOceanConservancyfoundthatplasticbottlecapsareamongthetopfiveitemscollectedduringcoastalcleanupsworldwide.2._______.Unlikelargerplasticitemsthattakeyearstobreakdown,capsaresmallenoughtobemistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures.3._______.Forexample,seaturtlesoftenconfusethemwithjellyfish,astaplefoodintheirdiet.Evenifthecreaturessurviveingestion,thecapscancauseinternalblockagesorreleasetoxicchemicalsovertime.4._______.Somecriticsarguethatattachingcapstobottlesmayincreaseproductioncosts,buttheenvironmentalbenefitsfaroutweighthisdrawback.??A.Thisdesignchangehassparkedsomedebate?B.Theirsmallsizemakesthemparticularlyharmfultowildlife?C.Thesecapsareoftenleftbehindwhenbottlesarerecycled?D.Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals?E.Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill?F.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife?答案：1.F2.B3.D4.A?詳細解析?第1空（F選項）：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)+邏輯承接前文核心線索：“targetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles”（聚焦一次性塑料瓶瓶蓋），核心詞為“caps”。選項F中的“they”指代前文“caps”，屬于代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；“findtheirwayintotheenvironment”與前文“l(fā)imittheamountofplasticlitter”（減少塑料垃圾）形成邏輯呼應(yīng)——正因為瓶蓋易進入環(huán)境，才需要限制其成為垃圾。后文提到“OceanConservancy的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)瓶蓋是海岸清理的五大物品之一”，進一步驗證了“易進入環(huán)境”的觀點，語義連貫。?第2空（B選項）：同義替換+細節(jié)承接前文線索：“capsaresmallenoughtobemistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures”（瓶蓋尺寸小，易被海洋生物誤認為食物），核心語義為“小尺寸+對海洋生物的危害”。選項B中的“smallsize”與前文“smallenough”為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，“particularlyharmfultowildlife”與“mistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures”為同義替換（“harmful”對應(yīng)“被誤吃的危害”）。該選項承上啟下，既總結(jié)前文“小尺寸”的特點，又引出后文具體危害的例子，邏輯清晰。?第3空（D選項）：例證銜接+詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)前文線索：“mistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures”（被海洋生物誤吃），后文線索：“seaturtlesoftenconfusethemwithjellyfish”（海龜常將其誤認為水母）——后文是具體例子，空缺處需為“總起性例證句”。選項D中的“consumedbymarineanimals”（被海洋生物吞食）與前文“mistakenforfood”為同義替換，“marineanimals”與后文“seaturtles”為同范疇復(fù)現(xiàn)（下義詞例證上義詞），完美銜接“總分”邏輯。?第4空（A選項）：邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折+語義呼應(yīng)后文線索：“Somecriticsarguethat...”（一些批評者認為……），提示空缺處需引出“爭議”話題。選項A中的“sparkedsomedebate”（引發(fā)一些爭議）與后文“criticsargue”形成語義呼應(yīng)，“thisdesignchange”指代前文“theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottle”（可拆卸瓶蓋變?yōu)橄翟谄可希?，屬于代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。該選項承上啟下，從“環(huán)境危害”過渡到“爭議觀點”，邏輯連貫。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：精準捕捉語境呼應(yīng)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)指同一詞匯或同一語義場的詞匯在語篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，形成語義呼應(yīng)。其核心作用是強化主題一致性，幫助考生鎖定“話題相關(guān)”的選項。常見類型包括：1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：選項與原文空缺處前后出現(xiàn)完全相同的名詞、動詞等核心詞匯，是最直接的線索。需注意：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)多為名詞（如主題詞、具體事物名稱），因其在語篇中穩(wěn)定性強。2.同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：通過詞根相同、詞形不同的詞匯形成呼應(yīng)（如動詞原形與過去分詞、名詞與形容詞），需考生掌握常見詞綴變化（如tion,ment,able等）。3.同范疇復(fù)現(xiàn)：選項與原文詞匯屬于同一語義范疇（如上義詞與下義詞），如“bottledwater”與“drink”、“marineanimals”與“wildlife”，需結(jié)合語境判斷范疇關(guān)聯(lián)。同義替換：深度匹配語義關(guān)聯(lián)同義替換指選項與原文用不同詞匯表達同一語義，是命題人常用的“隱藏線索”，考查考生的語義轉(zhuǎn)換能力。解題時需關(guān)注“核心動作、情感態(tài)度、邏輯關(guān)系”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，常見類型包括：1.動詞類同義替換：如“conduct”與“carryout”、“improve”與“promote”、“solve”與“resolve”，這類替換直接關(guān)聯(lián)句子核心動作，是解題關(guān)鍵。2.名詞/形容詞類同義替換：如“garbage”與“l(fā)itter”、“frustrating”與“discouraging”，需積累高頻同義詞匯。3.邏輯短語同義替換：如“asaresult”與“therefore”、“incontrast”與“conversely”，這類替換關(guān)聯(lián)語篇邏輯，需結(jié)合銜接詞判斷?！咀兪?1】（2025年上海徐匯區(qū)高三一模）Theconceptof“slowreading”hasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsasaresponsetothefastpaceddigitalage.Unlikeskimmingorscanning,slowreadingemphasizesdeepprehensionandemotionalconnectionwiththetext.1._______.Itrequiresreaderstosetasidedistractions,suchassmartphonesandsocialmedianotifications,andfocusfullyonthecontent.2._______.Forinstance,whenreadingaliteraryclassic,slowreadersmaypausetoanalyzemetaphorsorreflectontheauthor’sunderlyingmessages,ratherthanrushingtofinishthechapter.3._______.ResearchconductedbytheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatslowreadersretain30%moreinformationthanfastreadersandshowhigherlevelsofempathytowardcharactersinnarrativetexts.4._______.Whileitmaytakemoretime,thecognitiveandemotionalbenefitsmakeitavaluablepracticeformodernreaders.A.ThisintentionalfocusiswhatdistinguishesslowreadingfromotherreadingstylesB.SlowreadingalsobringssignificantcognitivebenefitsC.Itisnotmerelya“slowdown”butadeliberateapproachtoreadingD.Fastreading,bycontrast,prioritizesspeedoverunderstandingE.ManyeducatorsnowremendslowreadingforstudentstoimprovecriticalthinkingF.Thispracticeallowsreaderstoengagemoredeeplywiththetext’snuances答案：1.C2.F3.B4.A解析第1空（C選項）：同義替換+定義深化前文定義“slowreadingemphasizesdeepprehension”（慢讀強調(diào)深度理解），選項C中“deliberateapproach”（刻意的方法）與“emphasizesdeepprehension”為同義替換，“notmerelya‘slowdown’”（不僅是“放慢速度”）反駁對“慢讀”的表面認知，深化定義，同時“it”指代前文“slowreading”，代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，銜接自然。第2空（F選項）：例證銜接+語義呼應(yīng)前文線索“focusfullyonthecontent”（全神貫注于內(nèi)容），后文例子“pausetoanalyzemetaphors”（暫停分析比喻），選項F中“engagemoredeeplywiththetext’snuances”（深入理解文本細節(jié)）與前文“focusfully”、后文“analyzemetaphors”形成語義鏈，“thispractice”指代“slowreading”，復(fù)現(xiàn)主題詞，銜接“總分”邏輯。第3空（B選項）：研究結(jié)論銜接+同義替換后文線索“retain30%moreinformation”（記住更多信息）“higherlevelsofempathy”（更高共情能力），均為“認知益處”。選項B中“cognitivebenefits”（認知益處）與后文研究結(jié)果為同義替換，“also”承接前文“深度理解”的益處，形成“情感益處+認知益處”的遞進邏輯。第4空（A選項）：總結(jié)前文+詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)前文多次強調(diào)“focusfully”（全神貫注），選項A中“intentionalfocus”（刻意專注）與前文“focusfully”為同義替換，“distinguishesslowreadingfromotherstyles”（區(qū)分慢讀與其他閱讀方式）總結(jié)前文慢讀的核心特征，與開頭“unlikeskimmingorscanning”呼應(yīng)，收尾自然?！咀兪?2】（2025年上海延安中學(xué)高三9月評估題）Nightmaresaremorethanjustscarydreams—theycanserveasimportantsignalsforphysicalandmentalhealth.1._______.Wheretheyareasymptom,theycanwarnoftroubleahead.Andwheretheyareacause,theycancontributetoongoingstressoranxiety.2._______.Forexample,peoplewithuntreatedsleepapneaoftenreportfrequentnightmares,asinterruptedbreathingduringsleeptriggersfearresponsesinthebrain.3._______.A2024studyintheJournalofSleepResearchfoundthat60%ofpeoplewithchronicanxietyexperiencerecurrentnightmares,whichinturnworsentheiranxietylevels.4._______.Bypayingattentiontothethemesandfrequencyofnightmares,individualscanidentifypotentialhealthissuesearlyandseekappropriatesupport.A.NightmarescanalsobeareflectionofmentalhealthconditionsB.ThistwowayrelationshiphighlightstheneedforproactiveattentionC.TheycanactasbothasymptomofunderlyingissuesandacontributingfactortopoorhealthD.CertainphysicalhealthproblemsarecloselylinkedtofrequentnightmaresE.ChildrenaremorelikelytohavenightmaresthanadultsduetoimmaturenervoussystemsF.Ignoringrecurringnightmaresmayleadtolongtermmentalhealthrisks答案：1.C2.D3.A4.B解析第1空（C選項）：總分銜接+同義替換后文線索“Wheretheyareasymptom...Andwheretheyareacause...”（既是癥狀……又是原因……），選項C中“bothasymptom...andacontributingfactor”（既是癥狀……又是影響因素）與后文完全同義，“they”指代前文“nightmares”，總起全段，線索明確。第2空（D選項）：例證銜接+范疇復(fù)現(xiàn)后文例子“peoplewithuntreatedsleepapneaoftenreportfrequentnightmares”（睡眠呼吸暫?；颊叱Ｗ鲐瑝簦瑢儆凇吧斫】祮栴}與噩夢的關(guān)聯(lián)”。選項D中“physicalhealthproblems”與后文“sleepapnea”（生理疾病）為同范疇復(fù)現(xiàn)（上義詞+下義詞），引出后文例證，邏輯匹配。第3空（A選項）：并列邏輯+主題延伸前文講“生理健康與噩夢”，后文例子“chronicanxietyexperiencerecurrentnightmares”（慢性焦慮者常做噩夢），屬于“心理健康與噩夢”。選項A中“mentalhealthconditions”與后文“chronicanxiety”為同范疇復(fù)現(xiàn)，“also”體現(xiàn)“生理→心理”的并列邏輯，銜接自然。第4空（B選項）：總結(jié)全文+邏輯呼應(yīng)前文講“噩夢是生理/心理問題的癥狀，又會加劇健康問題”（雙向關(guān)系），選項B中“thistwowayrelationship”指代前文邏輯，“needforproactiveattention”與后文“payingattentionto...seeksupport”（關(guān)注噩夢并尋求幫助）同義呼應(yīng)，總結(jié)全文主旨?！咀兪?3】（2025年上海黃浦區(qū)高三聯(lián)考）The“sharingeconomy”hastransformedhowpeopleaccessgoodsandservicesinrecentdecades.Fromridesharingappstovacationhomerentals,thismodelreliesonindividualssharingunderusedresourcesformutualbenefit.1._______.Insteadofpurchasingexpensiveitemsthatareonlyusedoccasionally,consumerscanrentthemfromothersatalowercost.2._______.Forexample,adesignerdressthatcosts$500tobuycanberentedfor$50forasingleevent,reducingwasteandsavingtherentermoney.3._______.However,thesharingeconomyalsofaceschallenges,suchasensuringthesafetyofbothprovidersandusers,andregulatingfairpricing.4._______.Astechnologyimprovesandregulationsbeemorerefined,thesharingeconomyislikelytogrowandadapttomeetchangingconsumerneeds.A.ThismodelofferscleareconomicbenefitstoconsumersB.ItalsopromotesenvironmentalsustainabilitybyreducingoverconsumptionC.ThesharingeconomyhasexpandedbeyondphysicalgoodstoincludeservicesD.Despitethesechallenges,itslongtermpotentialremainssignificantE.ManytraditionalbusinesseshavebeguntoadoptsharingeconomyprinciplesF.Consumersareincreasinglydrawntotheflexibilityofthesharingeconomy答案：1.A2.B3.F4.D解析第1空（A選項）：語義解釋+同義替換前文定義共享經(jīng)濟“sharingunderusedresourcesformutualbenefit”（共享閑置資源實現(xiàn)互利），后文線索“rentthemfromothersatalowercost”（低價租賃），選項A中“economicbenefitstoconsumers”（消費者經(jīng)濟收益）與“l(fā)owercost”為同義替換，“thismodel”指代“sharingeconomy”，承接前文定義，解釋核心優(yōu)勢。第2空（B選項）：例證延伸+語義補充后文例子“designerdressrentedfor$50insteadof$500”（租禮服比買更便宜），既體現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟收益，又隱含“減少購買即減少浪費”。選項B中“promotesenvironmentalsustainability”（促進環(huán)境可持續(xù)性）與例子中“reducingwaste”同義，“also”補充前文“經(jīng)濟收益”的另一優(yōu)勢（環(huán)境收益），邏輯遞進。第3空（F選項）：轉(zhuǎn)折前鋪墊+語義呼應(yīng)后文“however”引出挑戰(zhàn)，空缺處需講共享經(jīng)濟的優(yōu)勢以形成轉(zhuǎn)折。選項F中“increasinglydrawntotheflexibility”（被靈活性吸引）是共享經(jīng)濟的重要優(yōu)勢，與前文“經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境優(yōu)勢”并列，為后文“butchallenges”做鋪墊，邏輯連貫。第4空（D選項）：轉(zhuǎn)折銜接+前景總結(jié)前文講“faceschallenges”（面臨挑戰(zhàn)），選項D中“despitethesechallenges”（盡管有這些挑戰(zhàn)）直接承接轉(zhuǎn)折，“l(fā)ongtermpotentialremainssignificant”（長期潛力顯著）與后文“l(fā)ikelytogrow”（可能發(fā)展壯大）同義呼應(yīng)，總結(jié)共享經(jīng)濟的前景，收尾有力?？枷?3代詞指代【例31】（2025年上海奉賢一模）Researchershavebeenexploringwaystofightillegalwildlifetrade,whichcauseshugelossestobiodiversity.____47____Thesesmallcreatureshaveasharpsenseofsmellthatcandistinguishdifferentscentseveninplexenvironments.?First,theratsaretrainedtorecognizethescentsoftargetwildlifeproductslikeivoryandrhinohorn.____48____Aftermasteringthisskill,theyreceivefurthertraining.____49____Toaddressthisproblem,trainersexposetheratstothesescentsrepeatedlyuntiltheycanignorethedistractions.Oncefullytrained,theratscanworkefficientlyinrealscenarios.____50____Itnotonlyreducesthecostofdetectionbutalsoimprovestheaccuracyparedwithtraditionalmethods.?A.Previously,they'vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.?B.Thentheywereintroducedtomonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.?C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealowcostdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.?D.However,thereareconcernsthattheratsmightbedistractedbysomemonscents.?E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.?F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.?聚焦代詞指代的關(guān)鍵空（47題）?答案：A?解析：?步驟1：分析空格后句代詞——空格后出現(xiàn)“Thesesmallcreatures”（這些小型生物），可判斷空格處需提及“復(fù)數(shù)小型生物”，鎖定選項A（packsofherorats）、B（they）、D（therats）、F（thesetrainedrats），排除C（Thiseffort）、E（Existingscreeningtools）。?步驟2：鎖定就近指代對象——空格后“Thesesmallcreatures”首次出現(xiàn)“小型生物”，說明空格處是該對象的首次提及，需明確“生物具體所指”。選項A直接提出“packsofherorats”（一群英雄老鼠），“rats”對應(yīng)“smallcreatures”；選項B、D、F中的“they/thesetrainedrats”均為指代前文已提及的老鼠，而空格前未出現(xiàn)“老鼠”相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故排除。?步驟3：驗證邏輯一致性——空格前講“研究者探索打擊非法野生動物貿(mào)易的方法”，選項A提及“之前訓(xùn)練老鼠檢測危險細菌”，為后文“利用老鼠嗅覺檢測野生動物制品”做鋪墊，邏輯連貫。最終確定答案為A。1.定指代屬性——明確代詞單復(fù)數(shù)與屬性?首先標注選項或空格前后句中的代詞，根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、性別、指代對象類型（人/物/事）縮小匹配范圍。如：it/this/that通常指代單數(shù)名詞或前文整句話；they/them/these/those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；he/she指代特定人物；such指代前文提及的一類事物或情況。?2.定指代范圍——鎖定前文就近搜索區(qū)間?英語中代詞指代遵循“就近原則”，優(yōu)先指代前文緊鄰的名詞或名詞短語，若就近無匹配項，再擴大至前一句或本段核心話題。需注意：段首空格的代詞通常指代上一段核心內(nèi)容，段尾空格的代詞則需銜接本段前文內(nèi)容。?3.定邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)——驗證指代與語義邏輯一致?找到潛在指代對象后，需結(jié)合上下文邏輯（因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進等）驗證。若選項含however/therefore等邏輯詞，需確保指代對象與選項語義構(gòu)成對應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。如：前文肯定某事物優(yōu)勢，選項以however開頭并含it，則it必指代前文優(yōu)勢事物，且選項內(nèi)容為其不足?！咀兪?1】（2025年上海浦東新二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.____46____Plasticbottlecapsarenowamongthetoptenlitteritemsfoundinriversandtheocean.?A.Manycountrieshavebannedsingleuseplasticbottlesentirely.?B.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife.?C.Theplasticusedforbottlecapsisdifficulttorecycleparedwithotherplastics.?D.Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals.?E.Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill.?F.Peopleoftenforgettothrowawaybottlecapsseparatelyfrombottles.?答案：B?解析：?步驟1：定位空格前核心指代線索——空格前句明確提及“thecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles”（一次性塑料瓶的瓶蓋），為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語，空格處選項需含指代“瓶蓋”的代詞。?步驟2：匹配代詞與指代對象——選項B中“They”為復(fù)數(shù)代詞，可指代前文“瓶蓋”；選項D雖提及“Bottlecaps”，但無代詞銜接，且“also”需前文有同類內(nèi)容支撐，前文未提“海洋動物食用”相關(guān)信息，排除；其他選項A（singleuseplasticbottles）、C（Theplastic）、E（Havingbottlecapsattached）、F（bottlecaps）均無對應(yīng)復(fù)數(shù)代詞銜接前文。?步驟3：驗證邏輯——空格后講“瓶蓋是河流和海洋中十大垃圾之一”，選項B“它們更易進入環(huán)境并對野生動物構(gòu)成威脅”承接前文“政策針對瓶蓋”，引出后文“瓶蓋成為主要垃圾”，語義連貫。答案為B。?【變式32】（2025年上海閔行區(qū)七寶中學(xué)5月模擬）Remoteworkhasbeeincreasinglypopularinrecentyearsduetotechnologicaladvancements.____45____Itallowsemployeestosavetimeonmutingandbalanceworkwithfamilylifemoreeasily.Foremployers,itcanreduceofficerentalcostsandexpandthetalentpoolbeyondlocalareas.?46Someemployeesstrugglewithmaintainingworkboundaries,leadingtolongerworkinghoursandincreasedstress.Othersfinditdifficulttomunicateeffectivelywithcolleagueswithoutfacetofaceinteractions.?A.However,italsobringschallengestobothemployeesandemployers.?B.Thistrendhasbeenacceleratedbytheglobalhealthcrisisinrecentyears.?C.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinvideoconferencingandcollaborationtools.?D.Itreferstoaworkmodewhereemployeesdonotneedtoworkinafixedoffice.?E.Thesebenefitshavemademorepaniesacceptremoteworkasaformaloption.?F.Buttheycansolvetheseproblemsbysettingclearworkschedules.?答案：A?解析：?步驟1：分析段落邏輯與代詞——第一段講遠程辦公的優(yōu)勢（員工節(jié)省通勤時間、雇主降低租金），第二段講員工面臨的邊界模糊、溝通困難等問題，可判斷46空為轉(zhuǎn)折過渡句，需含表轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯詞和指代“遠程辦公”的代詞。?步驟2：匹配選項特征——選項A含“However”表轉(zhuǎn)折，“it”指代前文“Remotework”，且“bringschallengestobothemployeesandemployers”總領(lǐng)后文員工的具體挑戰(zhàn)，符合過渡句功能；選項F雖含“But”，但“they”需指代復(fù)數(shù)對象，前文“Remotework”為單數(shù)，排除；選項B、D、E無轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，排除。?步驟3：驗證銜接——前文講優(yōu)勢，選項A引出挑戰(zhàn)，后文具體展開挑戰(zhàn)內(nèi)容，邏輯鏈條完整。答案為A。?【變式33】（2025年上海松江區(qū)二模）Urbangardeninghasgainedgreatpopularityincitiesaroundtheworld.Moreandmorepeoplearetransformingbalconies,rooftopsandevenemptylotsintosmallgardens.____47____Theygrowavarietyofvegetables,herbsandflowers,turningunusedspacesintogreenoases.?48Itnotonlyimprovesairqualitybyabsorbingcarbondioxidebutalsoprovidesfreshproduceforgardeners.Additionally,itenhancesmunitybon