3/3專題03非謂語作定、狀、補語（期末復(fù)習(xí)講義）年份卷別考點考情分析2025新高考I卷現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作后置定語【考向透視】①定語：非謂語與先行詞的主動被動關(guān)系、后置/前置規(guī)則（如todo多后置表將來，done可前置/后置表被動）；②狀語：邏輯主語與主句主語一致、狀語類型適配（doing表原因/伴隨，done表時間/條件，todo表目的/意外結(jié)果）；③補語：賓語/主語與補語的主動被動關(guān)系、使役/感官動詞后to的省略與還原規(guī)則；④易錯邊界：邏輯主語不一致（如“Havingfinishedwork,themeetingended”）、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的主動被動混淆（如excitingvsexcited）。【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】精準(zhǔn)判斷非謂語與修飾/補充對象的“主動/被動關(guān)系”和“時間關(guān)系”，能快速區(qū)分“doing（主動/進行）、done（被動/完成）、todo（將來/目的）”的適用場景，避免邏輯關(guān)系錯位。浙江卷過去分詞（done）作前置定語北京卷現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作原因狀語2024新高考I卷不定式（todo）作狀語新高考II卷現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作主語補足語浙江卷現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作伴隨狀語2023全國乙卷現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進行時浙江卷過去分詞（done）作主語補足語浙江卷不定式（todo）作賓語補足語非謂語動詞作定語、補語、結(jié)果狀語非謂語動詞作定語、補語、結(jié)果狀語知識點01非謂語動詞作定語不定式（todo）：表示“將要發(fā)生的動作”“具體的動作”或“動賓關(guān)系”，多修飾名詞如plan、way、time、chance等。例句：Ihavealotofworktodotoday.我今天有很多工作要做。——todo與work是動賓關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）：表示“主動進行的動作”，修飾人或物，與被修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。例句：Therunningboyismybrother.正在跑步的男孩是我的哥哥。——running與boy是主謂關(guān)系（主動）Thebooktellingatruestoryisverymoving.這本講述真實故事的書很感人?！猼elling與book是主謂關(guān)系過去分詞（done）：表示“被動完成的動作”，修飾人或物，與被修飾詞是動賓關(guān)系。例句：Thebrokenwindowneedstoberepaired.那扇破窗戶需要修理?！猙roken與window是動賓關(guān)系（被動）Theexcitedchildrenareopeningtheirgifts.興奮的孩子們正在打開禮物?！猠xcited修飾人，表“感到興奮的”?特殊注意：單個非謂語放名詞前，短語放名詞后（后置定語）。例句：adevelopingcountry一個發(fā)展中國家——單個doing前置acountrydevelopingveryfast一個發(fā)展很快的國家——doing短語后置【即時檢測】1.Ineedapen____________________(write)aletter.2.Thegirl____________________(sing)onthestageismyclassmate.3.The____________________(break)cupwasthrownaway.4.Hehasalotofhomework____________________(finish)beforedinner.5.Thebook____________________(write)byMoYanisverypopular.6.Lookatthe____________________(fall)leaves.Theyarebeautiful.【答案】1.towrite2.singing3.broken4.tofinish5.written6.falling知識點02非謂語動詞作補語（1）作賓語補足語不定式（todo）：常見于“ask/tell/order/encourage/wantsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表“讓某人做某事”，to不可省略。例句：Theteachertoldustofinishourhomeworkontime.老師告訴我們按時完成作業(yè)。省略to的不定式（do）：常見于使役動詞（make/let/have）和感官動詞（see/watch/hear/notice/feel）后，表“讓某人/某物做某事”或“看到/聽到某人做某事”。例句：Isawherentertheclassroom.我看到她走進了教室。Thebossmadehimwork12hoursaday.老板讓他一天工作12小時?！粍诱Z態(tài)中to需還原：Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday.現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）：感官動詞后表“看到/聽到某人正在做某事”，使役動詞后表“讓某人持續(xù)做某事”，與賓語是主謂關(guān)系。例句：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.我聽到她在隔壁房間唱歌。Don’tkeepthechildrenwaitingforlong.別讓孩子們等太久。過去分詞（done）：表“賓語承受的動作”，與賓語是動賓關(guān)系。例句：Wefoundthedoorlocked.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門是鎖著的（2）作主語補足語多由被動語態(tài)中的賓語補足語轉(zhuǎn)化而來，不定式需還原to。1.Mymotheraskedme____________________(clean)theroom.2.Inoticedhim____________________(play)footballontheplaygroundjustnow.3.Theworkmust____________________(finish)beforedark.4.Theteacherletthestudents____________________(read)aloudinclass.5.Shewasheard____________________(sing)asonginthepark.6.Wekeepthewindows____________________(open)toletfreshairin.【答案】1.toclean2.playing3.befinished4.read5.tosing6.open知識點03非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）：表示“自然而然、順理成章的結(jié)果”，與主句動作有因果關(guān)系，無被動含義。例句：Heworkedhard,passingtheexameasily.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，輕松通過了考試。過去分詞（done）：表示“被動的結(jié)果”，與主句主語是動賓關(guān)系。例句：Thecitywashitbyastorm,destroyedinmanyplaces.這座城市遭遇了暴風(fēng)雨，多處被毀壞。不定式（todo）：表示“出乎意料、意想不到的結(jié)果”，常與only連用，翻譯為“結(jié)果卻……”。例句：Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙趕到車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。特殊注意：結(jié)果狀語常置于主句后，用逗號隔開；不定式作結(jié)果狀語必須帶to，且only不可省略?！炯磿r檢測】1.Hefelloffthebike,____________________(hurt)hisleg.2.Shestayeduplate,only____________________(find)shehadtogetupearlythenextday.3.Theicemelted,____________________(form)asmallriver.4.Thebridgewashitbyaship,____________________(damage)seriously.5.Heranasfastashecould,only____________________(miss)thebus.6.Theleavesturnedyellow,____________________(fall)tothegroundinautumn.【答案】1.hurting2.tofind3.forming4.damaged5.tomiss6.falling易｜錯｜點｜撥易錯點1：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的邏輯關(guān)系混淆規(guī)避方法：先找邏輯主語——①作定語：邏輯主語是被修飾的名詞；②作補語：邏輯主語是賓語；③作結(jié)果狀語：邏輯主語是主句主語。主動用doing，被動用done。例：Theexcitingnewsmadeushappy.（news主動令人興奮→exciting）；Wewereexcitedatthenews.（we被動感到興奮→excited）。易錯點2：不定式作補語的to省略與還原錯誤規(guī)避方法：牢記“主動省略to，被動還原to”。使役動詞（make/let/have）和感官動詞（see/watch/hear等）后，主動語態(tài)補語用do，被動語態(tài)必須加to。例：主動：Hemademelaugh.被動：Iwasmadetolaugh.易錯點3：結(jié)果狀語中doing與todo的語氣混淆規(guī)避方法：看到only→必用todo（出乎意料）；無only→用doing/done（自然結(jié)果）。例：Hestudiedhard,passingtheexam.（自然結(jié)果）；Hestudiedhard,onlytofailtheexam.（出乎意料）。易錯點4：非謂語作定語的位置錯誤規(guī)避方法：單個非謂語（doing/done/todo）放名詞前，非謂語短語（如doing+介詞短語、done+介詞短語）放名詞后。例：arunningman（正確，單個doing前置）；amanrunningontheroad（正確，doing短語后置）。易錯點5：不定式作定語的動賓關(guān)系誤用被動規(guī)避方法：不定式作定語，若與被修飾詞是動賓關(guān)系，直接用todo（無需被動），因為邏輯上是“人做某事”。例：abooktoread（正確，無需toberead）；apentowritewith（正確，注意保留介詞with，因為write是不及物動詞）。解｜題｜技｜巧1.第一步：定功能——明確非謂語的語法功能（定語/補語/結(jié)果狀語）①作定語：修飾名詞，看非謂語與被修飾名詞的位置（單個前置、短語后置）；②作補語：看前面的動詞（使役/感官動詞→do/doing/done；ask/tell等→todo）；③作結(jié)果狀語：看是否出乎意料（onlytodo→出乎意料；doing/done→自然結(jié)果）。2.第二步：判關(guān)系——分析非謂語與邏輯主語的關(guān)系（主動/被動）①主動關(guān)系：用doing或todo（表將來）；②被動關(guān)系：用done；③特殊情況：不定式作定語時，若與被修飾詞是動賓關(guān)系，用todo（無需被動，如abooktoread）。3.第三步：看時間——判斷動作發(fā)生的時間（將來/進行/完成）①將來動作：優(yōu)先用todo（作定語/補語）；②正在進行的動作：用doing（作定語/補語）；③已完成/被動完成的動作：用done；④結(jié)果狀語的時間：doing/done與主句動作同時或稍后，todo表后續(xù)出乎意料的結(jié)果。4.第四步：記特殊——牢記固定搭配與特殊規(guī)則①使役/感官動詞后補語的省略to規(guī)則（被動還原to）；②不定式作結(jié)果狀語的onlytodo結(jié)構(gòu)；③單個非謂語前置、短語后置的定語規(guī)則。基礎(chǔ)通關(guān)（測試時間：10分鐘）請用所給提示詞的正確非謂語形式填空。1.Ihavealetter____________________thisafternoon.(post)2.The____________________girlisveryfriendlytoeveryone.(smile)3.Myfathertoldme____________________lateforschool.(notbe)4.Wesawaboy____________________intheriverjustnow.(swim)5.Thewindow____________________bythewindneedstobefixed.(break)6.Heworkeddayandnight,____________________thetaskontime.(finish)7.Theteacherletus____________________thenewwordsthreetimes.(copy)8.Thebook____________________onthedeskismine.(lie)9.Shewasheard____________________thepianointheroom.(play)10.Theheavyrainlastedforthreedays,____________________manyvillages.(flood)11.Ineedaknife____________________thebread.(cut)12.The____________________lookonherfaceshowedshedidn’tknowthenews.(surprise)13.Hehurriedhome,only____________________hiskeywaslost.(find)14.Wekeeptheclassroom____________________everyday.(clean)15.Thestory____________________bytheoldmanisveryinteresting.(tell)16.Sheencouragedherson____________________partinthecompetition.(take)【答案】1.topost2.smiling3.nottobe4.swimming5.broken6.finishing7.copy8.lying9.playing10.flooding11.tocut12.surprised13.tofind14.clean15.told16.totake重難突破（測試時間：10分鐘）請用所給提示詞的正確非謂語形式填空。Thebuilding____________________lastyearisnowahospital.(build)Hewasmade____________________forhismistakebytheteacher.(apologize)Thereisalotofwork____________________,sowecan’tgooutnow.(do)Shesawaman____________________her,soshequickenedherpace.(follow)Theboy____________________atthedooriswaitingforhismother.(stand)Hetriedhisbest,only____________________refusedbythecompany.(be)Thepen____________________bymyfatherisveryold.(use)Weheardthesong____________________manytimes.(sing)Themeeting____________________tomorrowwillbeveryimportant.(hold)Shelefttheroom,____________________thedooropen.(leave)Hehasalotoffriends____________________with.(chat)Thebridge____________________intheearthquakewasrebuiltlastyear.(destroy)Theywalkedforalongtime,____________________verytired.(feel)Thechildwasseen____________________thetreewhenhismothercameback.(climb)【答案】1.built2.toapologize3.todo4.following5.standing6.tobe7.used8.sung9.tobeheld10.leaving11.tochat12.destroyed13.feeling14.climbing易混易錯（測試時間：10分鐘）1.The____________________(excite/excited/exciting)childrenarelookingforwardtotheholiday.2.Hemademe____________________(laugh/tolaugh)yesterday.3.Sherantothestation,only____________________(missing/tomiss)thetrain.4.Thebook____________________(writing/written)byLuXunisworthreading.5.Isawher____________________(dance/dancing)whenIpassedby.6.Hewasseen____________________(go/togo)outoftheoffice.7.The____________________(interest/interested/interesting)bookmademestayuplate.8.Thefireburnedthehouse,____________________(leaving/toleave)nothing.9.Ineedapieceofpaper____________________(towrite/writing)on.10.Thewindow____________________(breaking/broken)yesterdaywasrepairedtoday.11.Shestayeduplate,____________________(finishing/tofinish)herhomework.12.Thebosslethim____________________(work/towork)overtime.13.Hewasmade____________________(work/towork)overtime.14.The____________________(disappoint/disappointed/disappointing)resultmadehercry.15.Theytriedhard,only____________________(succeeding/tosucceed)intheend.【答案】1.excited2.laugh3.tomiss4.written5.dancing6.togo7.interesting8.leaving9.towrite10.broken11.finishing12.work13.towork14.disappointing15.tosucceed鏈接高考（測試時間：15分鐘）1.（2025年新高考I卷·模擬題）Thegirl____________________(sing)onthestageisafamoussinger.2.（2025年全國II卷·模擬題）Hewasseen____________________(enter)thebuildingat9