2025年專四訓練試卷模板及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theterm"linguistics"referstothescientificstudyof:a)Thehistoryoflanguagesb)Thestructureanddevelopmentoflanguagesc)Theuseoflanguageinsocietyd)TheoriginoflanguagesAnswer:b2.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofthepassivevoice?a)Italwaysusestheauxiliaryverb"do".b)Itemphasizesthesubjectperformingtheaction.c)Itiscommonlyusedinformalwriting.d)Itisprimarilyusedinspokenlanguage.Answer:c3.Theprocessbywhichchildrenacquiretheirfirstlanguageisknownas:a)Secondlanguageacquisitionb)Bilingualismc)Languageattritiond)FirstlanguageacquisitionAnswer:d4.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"theverb"isreading"isin:a)Thepresentperfecttenseb)Thepresentcontinuoustensec)Thepastperfecttensed)ThefuturetenseAnswer:b5.Theterm"phoneme"refersto:a)Aunitofsoundthatcanchangethemeaningofawordb)Asequenceofsoundsinawordc)Thephysicalproductionofsoundsd)ThestudyofspeechsoundsAnswer:a6.Thegrammaticalfunctionof"the"inthesentence"Thecatsatonthemat"is:a)Adjectiveb)Nounc)Articled)PrepositionAnswer:c7.Theterm"syntax"refersto:a)Thestudyofwordsb)Thearrangementofwordsinasentencec)Thehistoryofgrammard)TheuseoflanguageincontextAnswer:b8.Theprocessofaddingasuffixtoawordtochangeitsmeaningisknownas:a)Inflectionb)Derivationc)Conjugationd)AgreementAnswer:b9.Theterm"idiom"refersto:a)Aformalexpressionusedinwritingb)Aphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromtheindividualwordsc)Awordthathasmultiplemeaningsd)AgrammaticalstructureusedinspeechAnswer:b10.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontextsisknownas:a)Sociolinguisticsb)Phoneticsc)Pragmaticsd)SyntaxAnswer:c二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofthephonologicalsystemofalanguage?a)Phonemesb)Allophonesc)Dialectsd)MorphemesAnswer:a,b2.Thefollowingareexamplesofgrammaticalmorphemes:a)Prefixesb)Suffixesc)Inflectionsd)RootsAnswer:a,b,c3.Thefollowingarecharacteristicsofformallanguage:a)Itusescomplexsentencestructures.b)Itisusedinacademicwriting.c)Itavoidscontractions.d)Itisusedincasualconversations.Answer:a,b,c4.Thefollowingaretypesoftense:a)Presentb)Pastc)Futured)PerfectAnswer:a,b,c,d5.Thefollowingareexamplesofsyntacticrules:a)Wordorderb)Subject-verbagreementc)Useofarticlesd)NegationAnswer:a,b,c,d6.Thefollowingarefactorsthatinfluencelanguageacquisition:a)Environmentalfactorsb)Geneticfactorsc)Socialfactorsd)EducationalfactorsAnswer:a,b,c,d7.Thefollowingareexamplesofphoneticfeatures:a)Voicingb)Aspirationc)Nasalityd)LengthAnswer:a,b,c,d8.Thefollowingaretypesofdiscourseanalysis:a)Pragmaticanalysisb)Cohesionanalysisc)Coherenceanalysisd)SemioticanalysisAnswer:a,b,c9.Thefollowingareexamplesoflanguagefunctions:a)Informativeb)Directivec)Expressived)CommissiveAnswer:a,b,c,d10.Thefollowingarechallengesinsecondlanguageacquisition:a)Interlanguageb)Languageattritionc)fossilizationd)AcculturationAnswer:a,c三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.Thestudyofthehistoryoflanguagesisknownashistoricallinguistics.Answer:True2.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthantheactivevoice.Answer:False3.Alllanguageshavethesamephonemes.Answer:False4.Theterm"morpheme"referstothesmallestunitofmeaninginalanguage.Answer:True5.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialinteractionsisknownassociolinguistics.Answer:True6.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatstartedinthepastandcontinuetothepresent.Answer:True7.Theterm"syntax"referstothestudyofwords.Answer:False8.Theprocessofaddingaprefixtoawordtochangeitsmeaningisknownasderivation.Answer:False9.Theterm"idiom"referstoaphrasewhosemeaningcanbededucedfromtheindividualwords.Answer:False10.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedincontextisknownaspragmatics.Answer:True四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenformalandinformallanguage?Formallanguageischaracterizedbycomplexsentencestructures,theuseofcompletesentences,andtheavoidanceofcontractionsandslang.Itistypicallyusedinacademic,professional,andofficialcontexts.Informallanguage,ontheotherhand,ismoreconversationalandrelaxed,oftenusingcontractions,slang,andsimplersentencestructures.Itiscommonlyusedincasualconversationsandsocialsettings.2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofthephonologicalsystemofalanguage?Themaincomponentsofthephonologicalsystemofalanguageincludephonemes,allophones,andphonologicalrules.Phonemesarethesmallestunitsofsoundthatcanchangethemeaningofaword.Allophonesaredifferentphoneticrealizationsofthesamephoneme.Phonologicalrulesgovernhowphonemesarecombinedandusedinalanguage.3.Whatarethemainstagesoflanguageacquisition?Themainstagesoflanguageacquisitionincludethepre-linguisticstage,theone-wordstage,thetwo-wordstage,andthemulti-wordstage.Thepre-linguisticstageinvolvesbabblingandthedevelopmentofphonologicalawareness.Theone-wordstageinvolvestheuseofsinglewordstoconveymeaning.Thetwo-wordstageinvolvestheuseofsimplephrases,andthemulti-wordstageinvolvestheuseofcomplexsentences.4.Whatarethemainchallengesinsecondlanguageacquisition?Themainchallengesinsecondlanguageacquisitionincludeinterlanguage,fossilization,andacculturation.Interlanguagereferstotheuniquelinguisticsystemdevelopedbysecondlanguagelearners.Fossilizationreferstotheinabilitytoachievenative-likeproficiencyinasecondlanguage.Acculturationreferstotheculturaladaptationthatoccurswhenlearningasecondlanguage.五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）1.Discusstheroleofsociolinguisticsinunderstandinglanguagevariationandchange.Sociolinguisticsplaysacrucialroleinunderstandinglanguagevariationandchangebyexamininghowsocialfactorsinfluencelanguageuseanddevelopment.Itexplorestherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety,includingtheimpactoffactorssuchasethnicity,socialclass,andgender.Sociolinguistsstudylanguagevariationwithinacommunityandtheprocessesthatleadtolanguagechangeovertime.Thisfieldprovidesinsightsintohowlanguagereflectsandshapessocialidentitiesandhowitevolvesinresponsetosocialdynamics.2.Discusstheimportanceofpragmaticsinlanguageuse.Pragmaticsisessentialinlanguageuseasitfocusesonhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontextsandtheintendedmeaningbehindutterances.Itexaminestherelationshipbetweenlanguageanditsuse,consideringfactorssuchascontext,speakerintentions,andhearerinterpretations.Pragmaticshelpsusunderstandhowpeopleuselanguagetoachievevariouscommunicativegoals,suchasrequesting,persuading,orinforming.Italsohighlightstheimportanceofunderstandingimplicitmeanings,politeness,andculturalnormsineffectivecommunication.3.Discusstheroleoflanguageacquisitionincognitivedevelopment.Languageacquisitionplaysasignificantroleincognitivedevelopmentbyprovidingaframeworkforthinking,reasoning,andproblem-solving.Throughlanguage,childrendeveloptheirabilitytocategorizeobjects,understandcauseandeffect,andengageinabstractthought.Languagealsofacilitatessocialinteractionandculturaltransmission,whicharecrucialforcognitivegrowth.Theprocessofacquiringlanguagehelpschildrendevelopmemory,attention,andexecutivefunctions,layingthefoundat